医护英语一级的阅读理解

Health does not just mean that one is not ill. To say what is health is difficult, because different people have different ideas about it.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines (给…下定义) health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.”（1974）. However, this definition of health has not been fully accepted. Some people do not think that for underdeveloped countries and for poor people, this definition of health is not realistic. According to this definition, many people there would not be considered healthy. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine scientifically who is or is not healthy. It is also difficult to determine when a person becomes ill.

A person’s concept (概念，观念) of health is important. For example, an adult with hypertension may feel healthy and not feel any change in functioning, if the condition of his disease is being controlled with diet, exercise, or medicine. Therefore, a patient’s concept of health is very important to the nurse. It will help the nurse to reach nursing goals.

46. When one is ill, he is not healthy and when one is not ill, he is healthy.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

47. The exact definition of health is not easy to give because of different ideas of people.

[A] Right.[B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

48. According to the definition of WHO, we cannot say a person without

illness is healthy. [A] Right.[B] wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

49. The reason why some people refuse to accept this definition is that it is not realistic for the developed countries and their people.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

50. The patient’s concept of health may affect the nursing process.

[A] Right. [B] Wrong. [C] Not mentioned.

46.B 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.A

Hand washing is a powerful way to prevent the spread of disease. Experts have found that greater use of soap and water could save a million lives a year by reducing the spread of infections.

Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand washing. These include pinworms (一种寄生虫), influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. They said that programs to increase hand washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease.

Hand washing destroys bacteria from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.

The experts say that hand washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after

cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick.

51. Which one was NOT the reason to explain the importance of hand washing?

[A] Hand washing can make people comfortable and clean.

[B] Hand washing can prevent the spread of disease.

[C] Hand washing destroys bacteria from other people and animals a person has touched.

52. The spread of diseases can be prevented by hand washing. Which disease was not mentioned in this text?

[A] Flu. [B] Infectious diarrhea. [C] Hepatitis B.

53. In order to reduce infectious disease, scientists have called on to carry out nationwide programs to increase hand washing among people.

[A] Yes. [B] Not yet. [C] Not mentioned.

54. Which of the following is NOT true?

[A] Many lives can be saved by hand washing a year.

[B] Hand washing is unimportant before eating and after using the toilet.

[C] Touching eyes, nose or mouth can make people infect diseases if they get bacteria on their hands.

55. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

[A] When to wash hands? [B] Why to wash hands?

[C] How to wash hands?

It might seem hard to imagine that a bad tooth could be deadly. But doctors in the Washington area say a twelve-year-old boy died last month from a tooth infection that spread to his brain.

Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. They say breast milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth.

But dentists say you should clean your baby's gums and early teeth after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give your baby only water.

When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies. And use them very gently.

The American Academy of Family Physicians says most kids stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, the group advises parents to talk to their child's dentist or doctor. It could interfere with the correct development of permanent teeth. Dentists strongly advise a first dental visit at least by the time a child is one year old.

56. The twelve-year-old boy died of _____.

[A] toothache [B] tooth infection [C] headache

57. _____ is the best food for the development of a baby’s teeth.

[A] Milk. [B] Breast milk. [C] Water.

58. How do you clean a baby’s gum and early teeth?

[A] Use a baby’s toothbrush. [B] Use a cloth.

[C] Use a baby’s toothpaste.

59. According to the passage, most children stop sucking their fingers when they are _____.

[A] 1 year old [B] 3 years old [C] 4 years old

60. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

[A] You’d better take your baby to the dentist’s after he is one year old.

[B] You can use a soft toothbrush to clean your baby’s teeth gently.

[C] You should brush your baby’s teeth and gum every morning.

46.B 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.A

51.A 52.C 53.C 54.B 55.A 56.B 57.B 58.B 59.C 60.B