英语语法大全

攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路
张林峰编着
作为中国人，要学习与我们的母语完全不同的英语，就必须从英语语法入手。

如果将英语比作一座大厦，那么语法就是构成整个大厦的水泥框架，词汇和短语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦，没有坚实的骨架，大厦是无法建成的。

为了我们的英语大厦更加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它的骨架。

什么是语法语法就是造句的方法。

学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确的英语句子。

学习英语语法的步骤：
1.九大句子成分和六大基本句型结构；
2.十六种时态及十种被动语态;
3.名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）;
4.定语从句;
5.状语从句；
6.直接引语和间接引语；
7.情态动词；
8.虚拟语气；
9.非谓语动词；
10.强调句；
11.主谓一致；
12.省略句；
13.冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等的用法。

下面我们一项一项进行学习：
一、九大句子成分
九大句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、同位语、呼语。

（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）
1. 主语：A.在主谓宾结构中，主语是谓语动词动作的发出者；
B.在主系表结构中，主语是系动词之前的部分；
C.在There be结构中，主语是系动词be之后的部分。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当）
我是教师。

他们在踢足球。

熊猫是种可爱的动物。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

打篮球是我的爱好。

掌握英语是我今年的目标。

练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时间。

他昨天的所作所为令人生气。

Knowledge is power.
A beautiful girl told me the news.
He helped me a lot.
To master English is my goal this year.
Practicing playing the piano takes me an hour a day.
What he did yesterday made his parents angry.
2. 谓语：在主谓宾结构中，表示主语所发出的动作。

(由动词构成，包括16种时态和10种
被动语态）
我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

I like English.
She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.
She loves him.
He refused to help.
I enjoy learning English.
I don’t know when you will leave for New York.
补充知识：
1）根据动词在句中的功能，可分为四类：
实意动词(NotionalVerb): 是具有实际动作意义的词，可以直接跟宾语或加介词后跟宾
语。

We work hard.
I play football every day.
I bought a book yesterday.
系动词(LinkVerb): 是连接主语和表语以及帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定
句、被动语态的词。

有: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been等。

She is five.
We were in Xi’an last evening.
The house has been sold by its owner.
My bike is being repaired by my father now.
助动词(AuxiliaryVerb): 是帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句的
词。

有: do, does, did, have, has, had等。

She didn’t doherhomeworkyesterday.
Do you like English
I have been a teacher for fifteen years.
Had you finished your homework when your mother got home last evening
情态动词(ModalVerb): 是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的
动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构
成谓语、否定句及疑问句。

有: can (could), may
(might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared),
shall (should), will (would), had better, would
rather等。

You must learnitbyyourself.
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
Can you swim
Shall we have a party this weekend
Who can help me learn English
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如:
Weare having ameeting. （having是实义动词）
They have gonetoNewYork.（have是助动词。

）
2）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：
及物动词(TransitiveVerb): 可以直接跟宾语的动词；
不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb):加了介词之后才能跟宾语的动词。

缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

I live in this bedroom.不及物动词(vi.)
I study Englishhard. 及物动词(vt.)
3. 宾语：在主谓宾结构中，谓语动词动作的承受者。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

I like English.
She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.
She loves him.
He refused to help.
I enjoy learning English.
I want to know when you will leave for New York. 宾语可分为四类：
1）动作的承受者——动词宾语：
Ilike China.（名词）
Hehates you. （代词）
Howmanydoyouneed Weneed two. （数词）
Weshouldhelp theold and thepoor. （the + adj.）
Ienjoy workingwithyou.（动名词）
Ihope toseeyou again.（不定式）
Didyouwritedown whathesaid（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介词宾语：
Areyouafraidof thesnake
I am interested in this book.
3）双宾语——间接宾语（指人或动物）和直接宾语（指物）：Hegave me abook yesterday.
Give thepoorman somemoney.
She taught me English for three years.
4) it作形式宾语：
I find it interesting to learn English.
She makes it a rule to read English every morning.
We don’t think it possible to defeat them.
4. 表语：在主系表结构中，跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明的部分。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形
式、过去分词和表语从句充当）
我是学生。

那是一只狗。

失败是成功之母。

她很漂亮。

我很忙。

他们聪明又努力。

我的爱好是打羽毛球。

我想知道的是他怎么英语那么好。

Knowledge is power.
She is a hard-working student.
The person that she wants to marry is him.
My aim is to go to a famous university.
My job is teaching English to young children.
We are excited.
What I want to know is how he can learn English so well.
补充知识：
1）状态系动词：用来表示主语的状态，只有be, am, is, are, was, were, being,
been等词，例如：
He is ateacher.
We are students.
He has been ill for three years.
Tom is in Xi’an.
2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep , rest , remain, stay,lie,stand等词，例如：
Healways kept silentatmeetings.
Thismatter rests amystery.
Thevillage stands atthefootofthehill.
Japan lies totheeastofChina.
3）表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look等词，例如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems(tobe)verysad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel, smell,sound,taste等词，例如：Thiskindofcloth feels verysoft. 这种布手感很软。

Thisflower smells verysweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn,fall,get,go,come,run等词，例如：
Hebecamemadafterthat.
Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.
6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout等词，表达"证实"，
"变成"之意，例如：
Therumor proved false.
Thesearch proved difficult.
Hisplan turnedout asuccess.
注意：可带名词作表语的系动词be, become,make,look,sound,fall,prove, remain,turn等。

注意：turn后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。

7）系动词无被动语态：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn例如：
It sounds good.
The dish smells delicious.
He fell ill last night.
5. 定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或从句。

（由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当）
一位男老师将教我们英语。

那是一个宁静的夜晚。

我有很多事情要做。

坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。

在事故中被压死的狗是他的。

他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。

我昨天丢的笔找到了。

我想上的大学是北大。

A man doctor will take care of you.
This girl is my best friend.
I have a lot of homework to do today.
The boy standing there is my brother.
The dog killed in the accident belonged to my grandpa.
The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as a birthday gift by my
mum.
英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在于它所处的位置，汉语中无论是词、短语或句子作定语时，都放在被修饰词之前，而英语中，只有单个的词或复合形容词作定语时才放在被修饰词之前，其它情况全部放在被修饰词之后。

英语中的定语种类有十余种，下面我们分类学习：
1）单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词、V-ing、.及复合形容词作定语，放在被修饰词前。

a man doctor a woman teacher a boy student a baby girl
a beautiful girl a lovely baby a nice present an honest
boy
three toys five people eight elephants nine years this book those pens my brother your sister
boiling water an exciting game a swimming pool a reading room
the sleeping baby a dancing cat the shouting crowd the
crying girl
boiled water the excited audience a disappointed mother
a warm-hearted welcome a cold-blooded killer a white-haired
woman
2) “什么地方的什么”= the + N. + 介词短语
the picture on the wall 墙上的画儿the birds in the tree 树上的鸟
the books on the shelf 架子上的书the hole in the wall 墙上的洞the cat in the box 盒子里的猫the lamp over my head 我头顶的灯
the students in our class 我们班的学生
3)“正在做什么的人或物”= the + N + V-ing + (O) + LA + TA
the man standing there 站在那里的男子
the dog barking now 正在吠叫的狗
the girl singing on the stage 正在舞台上唱歌的女孩
the boy swimming in the river 正在河里游泳的男孩
4) “正在被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + being + . + LA + TA
the bridge being built now 正在被建的桥
the meeting being held now 正在被召开的会议
the boy being punished by our teacher 正在被我们老师惩罚的学生
5) “将要被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + to be + . + LA + TA
the meeting to be held tomorrow morning 明早将要被召开的会议
the student to be sent to America by our school 将被我们学校送往美国的学生
the school to be set up in the village 将被建在这个村子里的学校
6) “已经被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + . + LA + TA
the man killed in the accident last night 昨晚在事故中被压死的人the bridge built last year 去年被建成的桥
the meeting held yesterday 昨天被召开的会议
7) “穿着什么样衣服的人”= the + N + in + a/an + 衣服+ LA + TA
the man in a black T-shirt 穿着黑色T恤的男子
the girl in a red mini-skirt 穿着红色迷你裙的女孩
the man in a suit 穿着西服套装的男子
8) “穿着什么颜色衣服的人”= the + N + in + 颜色+ LA + TA
the man in black 穿着黑衣的人the girl in red 穿着红色衣服的女孩
the woman in blue 穿着蓝色衣服的女士the boy in green 穿着绿色衣服的男孩
9) 副词做定语一般后置= the + N + adv.
the students here 这里的学生the man over there 那边的男子
passengers aboard 车（船、飞机）上的乘客
10) 形容词（形容词短语）做后置定语= the + N + adj. + LA + TA
a room lagre enough to hold 100 people 大到能容纳100人的房间
a basket full of fruits 装满水果的篮子
a boy clever enough to speak three languages 聪明到会说三种语言的男孩
11) “什么什么相同的人或物”= the + N + of + N
a girl of her own age 和她年龄相同的女孩
birds of a feather 相同羽毛的鸟
the bottles of the same shape 相同形状的瓶子
12) “有什么的人或物“= the/a + N + with + N
a girl with long hair 长发女孩 a boy with big eyes 大眼睛的男孩
13) 定语从句= the + N + 引导词+ 从句
The N(人) + who/that + V + O + LA + TA (人主)
The teacher who/that taught me English at this school last year
The thief who/that stole my wallet yesterday
The N(人) + who/that + be + . + by + Doer + LA + TA (人主)
The thief who/that was caught by a policeman yesterday
The N(人) + (whom/that) + S + V + LA + TA (人宾)
The girl (whom/that) I met in the park yesterday
The old man (whom/that) I helped yesterday
The N(物) + which/that + V + O + LA + TA (物主)
The dog which/that bit me in the park yesterday
The horse which/that ran away last week
The N(物) + which/that + be + . + by + Doer + LA + TA (物主)
The dog which/that was killed in the accident yesterday
The N(物) + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (物宾)
The book (which/that) I bought yesterday
The dog (which/that) I saw yesterday
The N(人,物) + whose + N + V + O + LA + TA (人,物,所属)
The man whose son is a doctor in this hospital
The room whose door is green
Such + N + as + S + V + LA +TA
Such people as I got to know in America last year
Such books as I bought yesterday
The same + N + as + S + V + LA +TA
The same bike as I lost yesterday
So + adj. + a/an + N + as + S + V + LA +TA
So clever a boy as all the teachers like
The N(时间) + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (先行词作宾语)
The year (which/that) I spent in America
The N(时间) + when/介词+which + S + V + O + LA (先行词作状语)
The year when/in which I studied English in America
The N(地点) + (which/that) + S + V + TA (先行词作宾语)
The museum (which/that) I visited last week
The school (which/that) we set up in the village
The N(地点) + where/介词+which + S + V + O + TA (先行词作状语)
The factory where/in which my father works
The farm where/on which I worked last year
The reason + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (先行词作宾语)
The reason (which/that) he made up
The reason (which/that) he told me
The reason + why/for which + S + V + O + LA + TA (先行词作状语)
The reason why/for which he didn’t go to school yesterday
The reason why/for which I punished you
6. 状语：说明谓语动词动作所处的状态（包括时间、地点、原因、比较、目的、
结果、条件、方式和让步状语）。

（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当）我在那里见到的他。

在一个宁静的夜晚，他们誓血为盟。

由于生病，他没有去上学。

她哼着歌离开了教室。

尽管在下雨，他们继续工作。

即使你给我买票，我也不会跟你去看电影。

为了练习发音，我每天都模仿VOA。

当从山顶看时，我们学校看起来很漂亮。

I met him there.
He studies in a key middle school.
To learn English well, she takes every chance to practice her oral English.
Seeing from the top of the building,you can see the whole town.
Seen from the top of the building,the town looks beautiful.
I was having dinner when he came to see me last evening.
7. 补语(宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分。

（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词）
我们选他当班长。

这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。

母亲每天都让我朗读英语。

他让我们等了两个小时。

毛泽东的逝世令举国哀痛。

老师罚我下蹲两百次。

据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。

请让我进去。

We will make him monitor.
The good news made us happy.
Please let me in.
My mother gets me to read English every morning.
He kept me waiting for two hours.
The news that our team had won the match made us excited.
8. 同位语：表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语或从句。

（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句）
我们学生应当努力学习。

我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。

谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到答复。

我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。

众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。

我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。

我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会议上讨论。

We students should study hard.
Jack, a friend of mine, has been sent abroad to study by our school.
The fact that English is becoming more and more important is known to everyone.
The question who will teach us English will be answered tomorrow.
9.呼语：称呼用语。

（如：Sir, Your Majesty, Your Highness, Madam等）。

二、六大基本句型结构
英语的基本句型结构只有三种：1. 主谓宾结构；2. 主系表结构；3. There be结构。

主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种：1. 主谓状结构；2. 主谓+双宾语结构；3. 主谓宾+宾补结构。

1. 主谓宾结构：表示主语做什么；
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 方式状语+ 地点状语+ 时间状语.
S + V + O + MA + LA + TA.
I read English in the classroom every day.
She plays the piano attentively at home every evening.
2. 主系表结构：表示主语是什么、怎么样、在哪里；
主语+ 系动词+ 表语+ 地点状语+ 时间状语。

S + LV + P + LA + TA.
I am a student in this school now.
She was very beautiful when she was in her twenties.
I was in Beijing last Sunday.
3. There be 结构：表示什么地方有什么；
There be + 主语+ 地点状语+ 时间状语。

There be + S + LA + TA.
There is a book on the desk now.
There was a tree in the yard two years ago.
4. 主语+ 谓语+ (状语).
S + V + （A）.
She smiles.
He is laughing aloud.
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语+ 地点状语+ 时间状语.
S + V + DO + Prep. + IO + LA + TA.
= 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语+ 地点状语+ 时间状语.
S + V + IO + DO + LA + TA.
She bought a tie for me last week. = She bought me a tie last week.
Mary gave a book to Tom yesterday. = Mary gave Tom a book yesterday.
6. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语+ (状语)。

S + V + O + OC + (A).
We made Tom monitor yesterday.
The good news made us happy.
The pain is driving me mad.
My mother gets me to read English every day.
He shot the wolf dead.
下面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各种状语等的方式来造复杂的英文句子的方法。

我们将其称为：积木式造句法。

1. 主谓宾结构的句子扩充：
（时间状语）+（前置定语）+ 主语+（后置定语）+ 谓语+（前置定语）+ 宾语+（后置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.
A boy met a girl.
A handsome boy met a beautiful girl.
A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was dressed in a red mini-skirt.
A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that
was dressed in a red miniskirt in the park yesterday.
2. 主系表结构的句子扩充：
（前置定语）+ 主语+（后置定语）+ 系动词+（前置定语）+ 表语+（后置定语）+ （地点状语）+（时间状语）.
The man is my teacher.
The handsome man is my English teacher.
The handsome man who is standing there talking with my mother is my English teacher that has been teaching me at his home for three years.
3. There be结构的句子扩充：
There be + (前置定语) + 主语+（后置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.
There is a book on the desk.
There is an English book on the desk.
There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British
historian, on the desk that stands near the window.
积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。

通过这种造句方法我们可以造出大量语法正确、意思清楚地句子，为我们的英语写作打下坚实的基础。

三、16种时态及10种被动语态
时态的概念：时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间或多个动作发生的时间顺序及所处的状态。

时态分为16种主动语态和10种被动语态。

主动语态是以动作的发出者作主语的句子；被动语态是以动作的承受着作主语的句子。

下面我们分开进行学习：
16种时态总表及10种被动语态总表
注：加粗的10种时态具有被动语态，其余6种则没有。

字母符号的定义：S主语、V 动词原形、V-ing 现在分词、V-ed过去式、. 过去分词、O宾语、P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、LA地点状语、LV系动词、TA 时间状语、OA 其他状语、TP时间段。

十六种时态的主动语态：
1. 一般现在时：以下三种情况使用一般现在时：
1. 经常发生的动作；
2. 习惯性的动作；
3. 客观事实和真理。

①主谓宾结构的句子：
a. 陈述句肯定句：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么。

S + V + O + MA + LA + TA.
She plays the piano attentively at home every day.
We read English every day.
b. 陈述句否定式：表示主语经常或习惯于不做什么。

S + don’t/doesn’t + V + O + MA + LA + TA.
I don’t believe you.
We don’t like playing football.
Tom doesn’t speak Chinese.
c. 表示“常常，通常”always, often, sometimes, rarely,
frequently, never,
seldom, occasionally, usually, generally…
S + always/often/sometimes… + V + O + MA + LA + TA.
S + is/are/am+always/often/sometimes…+ P + LA + TA.
He often comes to see me.
We sometimes stay up late.
My father is always busy.
d. 一般疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么吗。

Do/Does + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA
Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.
Do you have lunch at home every day
Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
Does she play the piano at school every day
Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.
e. 选择疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做A还是是做B。

Do/Does + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA
Do/Does + S + V + O + MA1 or MA2 + LA + TA
Do you like tea or coffee
Does your friend play football or basketball
Do you go to work by bus or by bike
f. 反义疑问句式：
S + V + O + MA + LA + TA, don’t/doesn’t +S
Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.
S + don’t/doesn’t + V + O + MA + LA + TA, do/does +S
Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.
He comes from Norway, doesn’t he
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
You like English best, don’t you.
Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
Your father doesn’t smoke, does he
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak English, does he
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
g. 特殊疑问句式：提问主语在什么时间、地点、原因、方式等做什么。

Wh-/How + do/does + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What does she play at school every day
Where do you have lunch every day
h. 否定疑问句：（难道）… 不… 吗
Isn’t/Aren’t + S + P
Don’t/Doesn’t + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA
Why don’t/doesn’t + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA
Why aren’t/isn’t + S + P
Why aren’t/isn’t + there + S +LA + TA
Isn’t that your girl friend
Aren’t you busy today
Don’t you know I love you so much
Why don’t you tell him the truth
Why isn’t there a bridge over the river
i. 习惯了……
S + be/get/become + used to (doing) + O + LA + TA.
S + be/get/become + accustomed to (doing) + O + LA + TA.
He is used to living alone.
He becomes used to loneliness.
He is accustomed to getting up early.
j. 祈使句句式：
V + O + LA + TA, please.
Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, please.
Open the door, please.
Don’t tell your mother I drank beer just now, please.
k. 祈使句的反义疑问句式：
V + O + LA + TA, will/won’t you
Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, will you
Let’s + V + O + LA + TA, shall we
Let us + V + O + LA + TA, will you
Go to the cinema with me this evening, will/won’t you
Don’t open the door, will you
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we
Let us help them, will you
②主系表结构的句子：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：表示主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

S + am/is/are + P + LA + TA.
She is a student.
They are intelligent.
b. 陈述句否定句式：表示主语现在或当前不是什么、不怎么样、不在
哪里。

S + am/is/are + not + P + LA + TA.
= S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + P + LA + TA.
I am not happy today.
She is not at home now.
They aren’t in the classroom now.
c. 一般疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。

Am/Is/Are + S + P + LA + TA
Yes, S + am/is/are./ No, S + am not/isn’t/aren’t.
Is she a student Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
Are they intelligent Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
d. 选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are + S + P1 or P2 + LA + TA
Is your father a teacher or a doctor
Are your friends from America or England
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + am/is/are + P + LA + TA, isn’t/aren’t +S
Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.
S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + P + LA + TA, am/is/are +S
Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.
You are a student, aren’t you Yes, I am./No, I am not.
I am a good boy, aren’t I Yes, you are./No, you are not.
f. 特殊疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗
Wh-/How + is/are/am+ S + P + LA + TA (提问哪部分就去掉哪
部分)
What is she
How are they
g. 祈使句句式：
Be + P + LA + TA, please.
Don’t be + P + LA + TA, please.
Be careful next time, please.
Don’t be late again, please.
h. 祈使句的反义疑问句式：
Be + P + LA + TA, will/won’t you
Don’t be + P + LA + TA, will you
Be more careful next time, will/won’t you
Don’t be angry, will you
③There be 结构的句子：表示现在或当前什么地方有什么。

a. 陈述句肯定句式：
There is/are + S + LA.
There is a book on the desk.
There are five people in my family.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
There is/are + not + any + S + LA.
= There isn’t/aren’t + any + S + LA.
There is not any water in the glass.
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
c. 反义疑问句式：
There is/are + S + LA, isn’/aren’t + there
There is/are + not + any + S + LA, is/are + there
= There isn’t/aren’t + any + S + LA, is/are + there
Yes, there + is/are./No, there + isn’t/aren’t.
There are two tigers in the zoo, aren’t there
Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
There isn’t any water in the cup, is there
Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
d. 一般疑问句式：
Is/Are + there + S + LA
Yes, there is/are./No, there isn’t/aren’t.
Is there an apple tree in your yard Yes, there is.
Are there any foreign students in your class No, there aren’t.
e. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How + is/are + there + S + LA
What is there on the desk
How many people are there in your family
2. 一般过去时： 1. 表示主语过去经常做什么或习惯于做什么；
2. 表示过去某一时间发生某事；
3. 表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里；
4. 表示过去什么地方有什么。

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间主语做过什么或某事发生过。

a. 陈述句式的肯定句：
S + V-ed + O + LA + TA.
The hunter killed a wolf in the forest last night.
I went to the cinema last evening.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + didn’t + V + O + LA + TA.
I didn’t go to school yesterday.
We didn’t play football at school yesterday afternoon.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Did + S + V + O + LA + TA
Yes, S + did./No, S + didn’t.
Did you see him in the park yesterday afternoon
Yes, I did.
Did he tell you the news that we will have a three-day holiday next
week
No, he didn’t.
d. 选择疑问句式：
Did + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA
Did + S + V + O + A1 or A2 + LA + TA
Did your friends play football or basketball yesterday afternoon
Did you go to school by bus or by bike this morning
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + V-ed + O + LA + TA, did n’t + S
Yes, S + did. /No, S +did n’t.
S + did n’t + V + O + LA + TA, d id + S
Yes, S + did. /No, S +did n’t.
You played football yesterday afternoon, didn’t you
Yes, we did./No, we didn’t.
You didn’t go to school yesterday, did you
Yes, I did./No, I did n’t.
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How + did + S + V + O + LA + TA (提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Who + V-ed + O + LA + TA（提问主语时）
Who played football yesterday
What did you do last Sunday
Where did you go last evening
How did you go to Xi’an yesterday
g. 否定疑问句：（难道）… 不… 吗
Wa sn’t/We ren’t + S + P + LA + TA
Did n’t + S + V + O + LA + TA
Why did n’t + S + V + O + LA + TA
Why wa sn’t/we ren’t + S + P + LA +TA
Why wa sn’t/we ren’t + there + S +LA + TA
Wa sn’t that your girlfriend on the bus just now
We ren’t you busy yesterday
Did n’t you know that Tom had stolen your watch
Why did n’t you tell him the truth then
Why wa sn’t there a bridge over the river two years ago
②主系表结构的句子：表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

a. 陈述句肯定式：
S + was/were + P + LA + TA.
He was a teacher in this school two years ago.
She was very beautiful when she was in her twenties.
b. 陈述句否定式：
S + was/were + not + P + LA + TA.
= S + wasn’t/weren’t + P + LA + TA.
Tom wasn’t a policeman two years ago.
We weren’t at home last evening.
She wasn’t beautiful when she was young.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Was/Were + S + P + LA + TA
Yes, S + was/were. /No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.
Was she a worker two years ago
Was he very handsome when he was young
d. 选择疑问句式：
Was/Were + S + P1 or P2 + LA + TA
S + was/were + P1. / S + was/were + P2.
Was your father a teacher or a doctor in the past
Were your friends in America or England last year
d. 反义疑问句式：
S + was/were + P + LA + TA, wasn’t/weren’t + S
Yes, S + was/were. /No, S + wa sn’t/we ren’t.
S + wa sn’t/we ren’t + P + LA + TA, was/were +S
Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.
You were in Xi’an yesterday, we ren’t you
Yes, I was./No, I was n’t.
He was a good boy in the past, was n’t he
Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
e. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How + was/were + S + P + LA + TA (提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What was he two years ago
Where were you last month
③There be 结构的句式：表示过去什么地方有什么。

a. 陈述句肯定式：
There was/were + S + LA + TA.
There was a tree in my yard two years ago.
There were wolves in the forest in the past.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
There was/were + not + S + LA + TA.
= There wasn’t/weren’t + S + LA + TA.
There wasn’t a school in this village ten years ago.
There weren’t any students in the classroom just now.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Was/Were + there + S + LA + TA
Yes, there was/were./No, there wasn’t/weren’t.
Was there a temple on the top of the mountain years ago
Were there monkeys in the park in the past
d. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How + was/were + there + S + LA + TA
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
What was there in my yard two years ago
Where were there monkeys in the past
e. 反义疑问句式：
There was/were + S + LA, wasn’/weren’t + there
There was/were + not + any + S + LA, was/were + there
= There wa sn’t/we ren’t + any + S + LA, was/were + there
Yes, there + was/were./No, there + wasn’t/weren’t.
There were two trees in your garden in the past, weren’t there
Yes, there were./No, there weren’t.
There wasn’t any money in your pocket, was there
Yes, there was./No, there wasn’t.
3. 一般将来时：
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示主语在将来的某个时间将要做什么。

A. 表示按照计划将做某事：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：
S + am/is/are + going to + V + O + LA + TA.
I am going to visit my teacher at her home tomorrow.
She is going to study in America next year.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + am/is/are + not + going to + V + O + LA + TA.
= S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + going to + V + O + LA + TA.
We are not going to play football this afternoon.
She isn’t going to study in America next year.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are + S + going to + V + O + LA + TA
Yes, S + am/is/are./No, S + am not/isn’t/aren’t.
Are you going to help us tomorrow
Is she going to marry her boyfriend next month
d. 选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are + S + going to + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA
Am/Is/Are + S + going to + V + O + A1 or A2 + LA + TA
Are you going to play football or basketball at school this afternoon
Are you going to go to Beijing by plane or by train next month
e. 反义疑问句式：
S + am/is/are + going to + V + O + LA + TA, isn’t/aren’t + S
Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.
S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + going to + V + O + LA + TA, am/is/are +S
Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.
You are going to buy a dictionary this afternoon, aren’ t you
Yes, I am./No, I am not.
Tom isn’t going to get married next month, is he
Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.
f. 特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How + is/are/am + S + going to + V + O + LA + TA
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
What are you going to do next Sunday
Who is going to marry her next month
B. 表示临时决定做某事：
a. 陈述句肯定句式：
S + shall/will + V + O + LA + TA.
I shall call her now.
They will leave soon.
b. 陈述句否定句式：
S + shall/will not + V + O + LA + TA.
We shall not have a party this evening.
I will not go to the cinema with her this evening.
c. 一般疑问句式：
Shall/Will + S + V + O + LA + TA
Yes, S + shall/will./No, S + shan’t /won’t.
Will they go to the park this afternoon
Will you help carry the box
d. 选择疑问句式：
Shall/Will + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA
Shall/Will + S + V + O + A1 or A2 + LA + TA
Shall we play football or basketball at school this afternoon
Will you go to Xi’an by bus or by car tomorrow morning。