常用的数学符号和公式的读法

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矩阵：matrix 行矩阵： row matrix 列矩阵：column matrix 单位阵：unit matrix 对角阵：diagonal matrix 逆矩阵：inverse matrix 转置矩阵：transposed matrix 向量： vector 标量： scalar 概率： probability 随机变量： random variable 均值：mean 方差：variance
常用的数学符号和公式的读法
符号的英文读法
≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号 ＜ is less than 小于号 ＞ is more than 大于号 ≮ is not less than 不小于号 ≯ is not more than 不大于号
≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 ≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 ％ per cent 百分之… ‰ per mill 千分之… ∞ infinity 无限大号∝ varies as 与…成比例 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 √ (square) root 平方根 ∵ since; because 因为∴ hence 所以
b
a f (x)dx : integral of the function of x,between the limits a and b : double integral of
: triple integral of
L : n fold integral of
dy : derivative of y respect to x dx
′ minute 分 ≠ is not equal to 不等于号 ℃ degrees Celsius /degrees Centigrade摄氏度
x
y
x over y
x>y x≥y x< y xy 0<x<1 0x1 |x| x2 x3 x4 xn x-n
x is greater than y x is greater than or equal to y x is less than y x is less than or equal to y zero is less than x is less than 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 mod x / modulus x x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x cubed; the third power of x x to the fourth / x to the power four x to the nth / x to the power n x to the (power) minus n
b a () : a approaches the limit plus(minus) infinity
a : square root of a 3 a : cube root of a n a : nth root of a ex : exponential function of x
函数(Functions)
f(x) f : S→T
x y
f(x) f(x) f(x) f (x)
fx / f of x / the function f of x a function f from S to T x maps to y f prime x f double–prime x f triple–prime x the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
n! n factorial (x+y)2 x plus y all squared
n
ai
the sum from i equals one to n ai
i 1
2
x x over y all squared y
a b : a is proportional to b a 1 : a is inversely proportional to b
i1
常量:constant 变量：variable 极限：limit 无穷大：infinity 无穷小：infinitesimal 极大：maximum 极小：minimum 微分：differential 积分：integral 导数：derivative 特解：particular/special solution 通解：general solution 全解：complete solution
符号的英文读法
＋ plus 加号；正号 － minus 减号；负号 × is multiplied by 乘号
÷ is divided by 除号
± plus or minus 正负号
∫ the integral of …的积分 ( ∑ sigma) summation of 总和 ° degree 度 ＝ is equal to 等于号 ″ second 秒
y : partial derivative of y respect to x x
d2y dx2
:
second
derivative
of
y respect to x
n
Xi : summation of x sub i, where i goes from 1 to n
i1
n
Xi : product of x sub i, where i goes from 1 to n