语言学 跨文化交际中的语用错误

2.improper teaching in the classroom 不适当的外语教学方式 For example If someone wants to have more orangre juice at table,he would say such words as "Give me some juice"or"Pass me the orange juice' but the native would say A,would you mind passing me the orange juice? B,orange juice,please C,you know I always feel thirsty when I eat.
1、Negative transfer
2、Improper teaching in the classroom
3、Different cultural connotation 4、Different social norms 5、Different cultural value system
1.negative transfer 负迁移 Students`negative transfer of some semantically or syntactically identical structures from their mother tongue to the target language is one of the main causes,which result in pragmalinguistic failures. For example When Chinese people speaking on the phone,they often say :“我是。。。”（I am。。。）instead of "this is..."Similarly, Chinese"你吃了吗"and its English equivalent"Have you eaten?"
Definition
Main source
Countermeasures
Cross-cultural communication: the communication activities between people from different cultural backgrounds (including different cultures between different nations and different sub-cultures in the same culture) Pragmatics: There are various definitions to pragmatics from different scholars. Based on their ideas,we can summarize it as the study of meaning in context which is distinct with word and sentence meaning. Pragmatic failure: Refers to the errors resulting from inappropriate utterance,intact manner,or unidiomatic expressions,and as a result, the communication fails to achieve the expected effect.
1 using knowledge of pragmatic princip teaching the second language with the help of pragmatic knowledge 3Increasing students` awareness of cultural differences 4cultivating learners`communicative competence
4,Different social norms 不同的社会准则 In Chinese society, it is normal to say" I must be leaving now"or"I have some important thing to do,so I must go."but an English often expresses his intention in the following way: I.Thank you for a lovely afternoon II.Well,I`m afraid I must go now
3,different cultural connotation不同的文化解读 In fact,social pragmatic is mainly culturalspecific.therefore,lacking the knowledge of cultural differences can result in social-pragmatic failure. For example In western culture,people have a special feeling for dog,just as "you are a lucky dog. " But in Chinese culture,the word dog has a derogatory meaning,such as 狗仗人势 狗眼看人低 狗 嘴里吐不出象牙 走狗。。。
5,different cultural value system 不同的文化价值观 Cultural values define what is worthwhile to die for, what is worth protecting. In the United States,people are encouraged to express their feelings outwardly and taught not to be timid about letting people know they are upset. Chinese are often socialized not to openly express their personal feelings,especially strong negative ones.