《家禽育种方法》PPT课件

For purposes of elimination it is very important that the poultryman have the record of a poor-producing family as well as that of good producers.
编辑ppt
家禽的选择——性能测定
➢ 根据全同胞和半同胞性能进行选择（同胞测定）
1. 由于公禽不能产蛋，因此一般使用其全同胞和半 同胞姐妹的性能对其蛋用性状进行选择；
2. 屠宰性状或屠体品质性状一般也通过同胞测定进 行选择。
3. 根据后裔成绩进行选择（后裔测定）
4. 后裔测定是根据记录进行选择时准确性最高的方 法；
➢ 种用育成禽：于20-22周龄进行选择;
❖ 标准:体型结构、外貌特征符合品种要求，身体健 康，生长发育健全。
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家禽的选择
根据记录成绩进行选择
➢ 性能记录
❖ 蛋鸡：产蛋量，蛋重，产蛋重，蛋壳品质(蛋壳厚 度和强度、蛋形、哈夫单位、蛋壳颜色、蛋壳组织、 血斑与肉斑)，性成熟期，产蛋率，体重，耗料、 抗病力，雏鸡成活力，产蛋期成活力，受精率，孵 化率等；
The application of the progeny test to breeding operations has brought one important fact to the attention of the poultry breeder. This is that it is not only necessary to consider the results of single pair matings but also to consider all of the offspring of a mating.
5. 通过后裔测定的公禽一般年龄较大（至少二岁半
以上），利用时间已不多，但可通过后裔测定建
立优良家系。
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Progeny test
The term progeny test as applied to animal breeding refers to the estimation of an individual’s value as a breeder by means of the qualities or performance of its offspring.
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Application of progeny test to production breeding
It is doubtless true that much of the rapid progress in improvement of egg production during recent years has been due to the appreciation of the value of the progeny test as a tool by most of the leading breeders.
This may be accomplished by using untested females that have just completed their first year of production. It will make possible the testing of the females as well as the males.
能如何，另外公禽本身不能产蛋，此时可查它们 的系谱，比较不同公鸡祖先的生产性能记录以推 断它们可能继承其祖先的什么性能。 2. 运用系谱测定时，血缘越近影响越大，因此一般 着重比较亲代和祖代即可。 3. 根据本身成绩进行选择（个体测定） 4. 与系谱测定比较,个体测定能更准确的反映个体的 性能; 5. 依据个体测定进行选择编辑只ppt 适于遗传力较高的性状4 。
Each pen is headed by one of the males to be
tested.
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Application of progeny test to production breeding
The average production of the daughters is used as a basis for comparison of the ability of the males to transmit egg production tendencies.
This method not only makes it possible to predict with greater accuracy the performance of individuals but also to estimate their value as breeders, thus permitting more rapid improvement of the flock.
❖ 肉鸡：上市体重，羽毛生长速度，绒羽颜色，屠宰 率，屠体品质，耗料，性成熟期，成年体重，蛋重， 蛋壳品质，入孵蛋%，死亡率，受精率，孵化率。
❖ 上述项目可根据实际情况选择记载。
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家禽的选择——性能测定
➢ 根据系谱资料进行选择（系谱测定） 1. 对于雏禽和育成禽，因不能断定成年后其生产性
家禽育种方法
家禽的选择 家禽的配种 家禽品系培育 现代家禽繁育体系
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家禽的选择
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
根据外貌与生理特征进行选择
➢ 使用范围:种禽繁殖场
➢ 肉用系:于5-7周龄进行选择;
❖ 标准:生长迅速,体重大,羽毛丰满,无生理缺陷。
➢ 蛋用系:于6-8周龄进行选择;
❖ 标准:羽毛生长迅速,体重符合要求(不过大也不过 小),无生理缺陷。
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Application of progeny test to production breeding
If the purpose is to progeny test a group of cockerels the usual procedure is to organize several breeding pens carrying females of approximately equal egg records.