张奎武《英美概况》笔记和课后习题详解(英国文化)【圣才出品】

第三部分英国文化
Ⅰ. Multiple Choices.
1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _____.
A. private schools
B. independent schools
C. state schools
D. public schools
【答案】C
【解析】在英国，公立学校是免费的，93%的学生选择公立学校就读。

2. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____.
A. can legally receive partly free education.
B. can legally receive completely free education.
C. cannot receive free education at all.
D. cannot receive free education if their parents are rich.
【答案】B
【解析】英国的现行教育体制中，凡是5到16岁的儿童都有进入学校接受教育的义务，所有的公立学校都是免费的。

3. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination
called _____.
A. General Certificate of Education - Advanced.
B. General Certificate of Secondary Education.
C. the common entrance examination.
D. General National Vocational Qualifications.
【答案】A
【解析】高级水平测试结业证书GCEA（General Certificate of Education-Advanced）又称A-level exams，中学毕业证书考试结束后，希望继续接受大学教育的学生会进入第六年的中学学习，然后再两年后参加A-level考试。

4. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?
A. The University of Cambridge.
B. The University of Oxford.
C. The University of Edinburgh.
D. The University of Buckingham.
【答案】D
【解析】白金汉大学是英国唯一一所私立大学。

5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.
B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.
C. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can have a
better chance of getting into a good university.
D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools.
【答案】D
【解析】在英国，学校分为公立学校和私立学校。

公立学校的资金来源是地方和中央政府。

独立学校经常被称之为“公学”，通过私营部门、学费和一些政府援助筹集资金。

独立学校不是国民教育体系的一部分，但其教学质量和标准要靠皇家督学的巡视得以维持。

只有那些有钱人家的孩子才上得起独立学校。

在公学中，孩子们能接受更好的教育，毕业以后也可获得更好的机会。

6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?
A. It’s open to everybody.
B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.
C. No university degree is awarded.
D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.
【答案】C
【解析】英国开放大学成立于20世纪60年代，主要针对那些因为经济和社会原因而没有机会接受高等教育的人。

它向每个人开放，不像其他大学那样要求有正规的学历。

该大学的课程主要通过电视、广播、函授、录像和学习中心网等手段来完成。

在学习结束时，学习优异的学生会被授予大学学位。

7. In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _____
A. grammar schools.
B. comprehensive schools.
C. public schools.
D. technical schools.
【答案】A
【解析】文法学校是英国的一种中学。

文法学校通过“11-plus”考试来选拔学生。

得到最高分数的孩子可以进入文法学校。

8. Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum?
A. Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.
B. Children must sit in A-level exams.
C. Children must pass national tests.
D. Teachers must teach what they are told.
【答案】B
【解析】1989年国家课程计划规定了学生的必修科目。

学生必须参加并通过国家的测试，根据测试结果给学校排名。

A-level并不是所有人都需要参加的项目，是文法学校通过“11-plus”考试来选拔学生，得到最高分数的孩子可以进入文法学校。

9. Which of the following is NOT a famous public secondary school for boys?
A. Eton.
B. Harrow.
C. Westminster.
D. Roedean.
【答案】D
【解析】英国著名的男子公学包括Eton（伊顿）、Harrow（哈罗）、Westminster（威斯敏斯特）和Winchester（温彻斯特），Roedean是一所著名的女子公学。

10. Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system?
A. It’s run by the state.
B. It’s funded by the state.
C. It’s supervised by the state.
D. It’s dominated by the state.
【答案】D
【解析】英国的教育体制由政府运营、资助和监督。

但是政府并不是绝对控制着教育系统，英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。

11. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?
A. comprehensive schools.
B. secondary schools.
C. independent schools.
D. grammar schools.
【答案】A
【解析】综合性中学是当今英国最普遍的中学。

这样的中学在招收学生时不考虑学生的学术能力。

12. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole? [北京交大2006研]
A. Education is chaotic.
B. Education is very expensive.
C. Education is highly centralized.
D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.
【答案】D
【解析】英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。

选项D正确。

13. Which of the following is the world’s olde st national newspaper?
A. The Times
B. The Guardian.
C. The Observer.
D. The Financial Times.
【答案】C
【解析】世界上最古老的全国性报纸是英国的《观察家》。

14. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?。