ESL podcast 词汇及语法解析笔记精选,BBC英语,部分
eslpod 听力文本
eslpod 听力文本ESL Podcast（英语作为第二语言播客）是一个专门为英语学习者设计的听力练习资源。
以下是一个虚构的、符合ESL Podcast风格的500字左右的听力文本示例：ESL Podcast 听力文本示例主题：健康饮食Narrator: Today, we're going to talk about healthy eating habits. Staying healthy is important, and what you eat plays a big role.Dr. Smith: That's right. A balanced diet is key. You should try to eat a variety of foods every day.Narrator: What are some good foods to include in a balanced diet?Dr. Smith: Well, fruits and vegetables are essential. They provide vitamins and minerals your body needs. Whole grains are also important for energy. And don't forget protein. Lean meats, fish, beans, and tofu are all good sources.Narrator: What about fats and sugars? Should we avoid them?Dr. Smith: Not necessarily. Your body does need some fat and sugar, but in moderation. It's best to limit processed foods and choose healthier options like nuts, seeds, and avocado for fats, and fresh fruits for sugar.Narrator: What about drinking? Is water the only thing we should drink?Dr. Smith: Water is definitely the best choice, but you can also include unsweetened tea, coffee in moderation, and low-fat milk or plant-based milks. Just try to avoid sugary drinks like soda and fruit juices with added sugar.Narrator: That's great advice, Dr. Smith. Remember, a balanced diet is the foundation of good health. Make sure to include a variety of nutritious foods in your meals, and limit unhealthy options.这个文本围绕“健康饮食”这一主题展开，包含了对话中常见的问答形式，适合英语学习者进行听力练习和理解。
e飞英语语法与词汇
e飞英语语法与词汇英文回答：Grammar:Tenses: Subject-verb agreement, present perfect vs. past perfect, conditional sentences.Modal Verbs: Use of can, could, may, might, must, should.Gerunds and Infinitives: Functions and usage indifferent contexts.Passive Voice: Formation and use in various situations.Reported Speech: Direct and indirect speech, reporting verbs.Vocabulary:Academic Vocabulary: Terms related to literature, science, and social studies.Phrasal Verbs: Common phrasal verbs and their meanings.Idioms: Figurative expressions and their literal translations.Synonyms and Antonyms: Building vocabulary and understanding nuances.Prefixes and Suffixes: Identifying word parts andtheir impact on meaning.中文回答：语法：时态，主谓一致，现在完成时对过去完成时，条件句。
情态动词， can、could、may、might、must、should 的用法。
动名词和不定式，不同语境中的功能和用法。
被动语态，形成和在不同情况下的使用。
间接引语，直接和间接引语，报告动词。
ESLPod六本补充教材英语播客推荐
ESLPod六本补充教材英语播客推荐ESLPod 除了包含昨天文中给出的超过 1000 期的 ESL Podcast 和超过 600 期的 English Cafe 之外（点击查看昨日文章），还有六本广受欢迎的独立教材。
1. Introduction to the United States《Introduction to the United States》是 ESLPod 系列教材的重头戏。
它共有100课，每一课主持人会先把课文内容慢速朗读一遍，然后再快速朗读一遍。
内容上采用开篇给出问题---回答问题，最后详细阐述的形式。
问题和回答非常简洁明了，起到一句话点题的作用，让学习者对后面大篇幅的详细阐述部分做到心中有数。
前几课都是围绕着美国宪法：第一课Question：What is the supreme law of the land?Answer:The ConstitutionExplanation:第二课Question：What does the Constitution do?Answer:· It sets up the government· It defines the government· It protects the basic rights of AmericansExplanation:第三课Question：The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?Answer:We the PeopleExplanation:《Introduction to the United States》除了介绍了美国的法律制度外，还包含美国地理、历史、经济等方方面面的内容。
100期的音频和文本足够想要了解美国文化的学习者一次学个痛快。
esl核心知识
esl核心知识ESL核心知识ESL（英语作为第二语言）是指英语非母语国家的人士学习和使用英语的过程。
它是一个全球性的教育领域，涵盖了广泛的知识和技能。
本文将介绍ESL的核心知识，包括语法、词汇、听力、口语和阅读，以及如何有效地学习和提高英语水平。
一、语法语法是英语学习的基础，它涉及词法、句法和语法规则等方面。
掌握语法可以帮助学习者正确构造句子，理解句子结构和语言逻辑。
例如，学习者需要了解主谓宾结构、时态、语态和语气等基本语法概念，并能够正确运用它们。
二、词汇词汇是语言的基本单位，是表达思想和交流的重要工具。
学习者需要积累大量的词汇量，并学会正确使用它们。
在ESL学习中，词汇教学可以通过单词卡片、词汇表和词汇游戏等方式进行。
此外，学习者还应该学会使用词汇簿、词根词缀和同义词反义词等工具来扩展词汇量。
三、听力听力是语言交流的重要组成部分，也是ESL学习中的重点内容之一。
学习者需要通过听力材料来提高听力技能，例如英语原版电影、英语新闻和英语广播等。
此外，学习者还可以通过听力练习和模仿母语人士的口音和语调来提高听力水平。
四、口语口语是语言表达能力的重要方面，也是ESL学习中的重要目标之一。
学习者需要通过口语练习来提高口语流利度和准确性。
可以通过与他人交流、参加口语角、模仿母语人士等方式来进行口语训练。
此外，学习者还应该学会正确地运用各种口语策略和交际技巧。
五、阅读阅读是ESL学习中培养语言理解和阅读能力的重要手段。
学习者需要通过阅读不同类型的英语材料来提高阅读理解能力，例如英语小说、报纸和杂志等。
此外，学习者还可以通过阅读理解练习和课外阅读来增加阅读量，提高阅读速度和准确性。
六、学习方法在ESL学习中，学习方法是至关重要的。
学习者需要制定合理的学习计划，合理分配学习时间，并选择适合自己的学习材料和学习方式。
此外，学习者还应该培养良好的学习习惯，例如定期复习、积极参与课堂和与他人合作学习等。
七、评估和反馈评估和反馈是ESL学习中的重要环节。
ESL Podcast 022 - Seeing Old Friends
Audio Index: 15:08This is turning out to be a month for seeing old friends. I got an email a couple of weeks ago from an old friend from graduate school. She and her family are visiting L.A. for a week. They plan to see family and to visit old friends. Since she moved out of the country, I hadn't seen her in ages. I'm looking forward to meeting her new kids and seeing her again.Another old friend called this week. She and I were buddies in our undergraduate days. She plans to swing by L.A. on her way to San Francisco. We've made plans to have lunch. She works in Washington D.C. as a political advisor and is usually very busy. I'm glad she could make time for us to get together.When we say good-bye to our friends, we always hope to keep in touch. But, what with this and that, it's sometimes hard to do. With friends that I've fallen out of touch with, it's sometimes hard to meet up again and pick up where we left off.We've both moved on to a different phase in our lives. Some of my old friends have become very successful, living lives in the fast lane . Other friends are struggling along and are just making ends meet. But, no matter how they're doing, it's always nice to touch base again.I'm really looking forward to seeing these old pals of mine and catching up after all this time.。
esl核心知识
ESL核心知识1. 什么是ESL？ESL，全称为英语作为第二语言（English as a Second Language），是指非英语为母语的人学习和使用英语的过程。
在全球范围内，英语已成为一种国际通用语言，因此学习ESL成为许多人的需求。
2. ESL的重要性ESL的重要性不言而喻。
随着全球化的发展，英语已成为商务、教育、科技等领域的国际通用语言。
掌握良好的ESL能力，不仅可以提高个人的职业竞争力，还能拓宽人际交往的范围，增加文化交流的机会。
3. ESL核心知识点3.1 语法语法是ESL学习的核心知识点之一。
掌握英语的基本语法规则，能够帮助学习者正确构建句子、运用时态、语态、语气等。
常见的语法知识点包括：•时态：过去时、现在时、将来时等；•语态：主动语态、被动语态；•从句：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等；•句型：肯定句、否定句、疑问句等。
3.2 词汇词汇是ESL学习的基础。
掌握丰富的词汇量，能够更准确地表达自己的意思。
学习者可以通过多读多写、背诵单词表、使用词汇学习工具等方式来扩充词汇量。
常见的词汇知识点包括：•常用单词：名词、动词、形容词等；•词组和习语：常用的固定搭配和习惯用法；•同义词和反义词：具有相似或相反意义的词语。
3.3 口语与听力口语和听力是ESL学习的重要组成部分。
通过大量的口语练习和听力训练，学习者可以提高自己的口语表达能力和听力理解能力。
常见的口语和听力知识点包括：•基本口语表达：问候、介绍、讨论、辩论等；•听力技巧：听懂对话、听懂讲座、听懂新闻等；•发音和语调：正确发音、语调抑扬顿挫。
3.4 阅读与写作阅读和写作是ESL学习的重要技能。
通过阅读英语文章和写作练习，学习者可以提高自己的阅读理解能力和写作表达能力。
常见的阅读和写作知识点包括：•阅读技巧：快速阅读、理解文章主旨、提取关键信息等；•写作技巧：写作结构、段落组织、逻辑推理等；•语言表达：用词准确、语法正确、句子连贯。
BBC Learning English 初级语法
Grammar ReferenceLower-intermediate（学习资料整理于/learningenglish/english）英国广播公司BBC（英国广播公司）英国广播公司（BBC），成立于1922年，是英国最大的新闻广播机构，也是世界最大的新闻广播机构之一。
在相当长的一段时间内BBC一直垄断着英国的电视、电台。
在1955年独立电视台和1973年独立电台成立之前，BBC一直是英国唯一的电视、电台广播公司。
BBC LearningEnglishBBC英国广播公司是世界上最大的公益多媒体机构之一，致力于为公众提供资讯，其中包括英国生活、教育、娱乐和体育等方面。
BBC的英语教学内容配合不同英语水平的英语爱好者的需要，既有语音、文字材料，又有趣味性小测验、游戏和各种练习，同时教学材料还可下载，方便使用。
目录Unite 1 (4)Unite 2 (5)Unite 3 (8)Unite 4 (10)Unite 5 (12)Unite 6 (14)Unite 7 (15)Unite 8 (17)Unite 9 (19)Unite 10 (20)Unite 11 (22)Unite 12 (23)Unite 13 (25)Unite 14 (26)Unite 15 (28)Unite 16 (29)Unite 17 (30)Unite 18 (31)Unite 19 (32)Unite 20 (33)Unite 21 (36)Unite 22 (37)Unite 23 (38)Unite 24 (40)Unite 25 (40)Unite 26 (42)Unite 27 (45)Unite 28 (47)Unite 29 (48)Unite 30 (49)Grammar ReferenceUnite 1Question formsMeaning and UseIn English, there are two basic types of question.1. Yes/no questions often begin with the verb to be, but can also begin withother auxiliary verbs, such as do. We ask these when we want a yes or no answer. Dave: Are you hungry?Mike: Yes, I’m starving.Sarah: Did you get here on time?Emily: No, I missed the bus!2. Wh-questions start with a question word, suchas who, what, where, when, why or how. We ask this type of question when wewant different kinds of information. These questions cannot be answered with a yes or no.Dave: Why are you so hungry?Mike: I didn’t eat breakfast.Sarah: When did you get here?Emily: About half an hour ago.FormYes/no questions that begin with the verb to be are made with to be + subject.Are you playing football tomorrow?Was the weather nice yesterday?If we start with an auxiliary verb, the order is auxiliary + subject + main verb.Can Jenny speak Chinese?Did you go to the cinema on Saturday?Wh-questions can be used to ask about the subject or object of the verb. Compare these questions:Who loves Lucy?Who does Lucy love?For subject questions, the order is question word + verb + object.Who wants ice cream for dessert?Who broke the mirror in the dining room?Who answered the phone?The object question form is question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.What did you do at the weekend?Where does your brother work?Who will you ask for help?Take NoteAsking questions with ‘how’The question word how is usually combined with other words when asking for information, such as size, someone’s age, or the price of something.How big is your apartment?How old are your children now?How much is the black dress in the window?Spoken EnglishIn formal situations, it is common to respond to a yes/no question by repeating the auxiliary in a complete sentence.Max: Can you use a computer?Jill: Yes, I can.In casual spoken English, we do not need to repeat the auxiliary. Answers donot always contain 'yes' or 'no'.Peter: Do you know the way to the train station?William: Not really.Lucy: Shall we order sushi?Sally: Absolutely!Practicerearrange the words to make 'yes/no' and wh-questions.1. anywhere did you weekend interesting last go?2. grow up did you where?3. did for your car new much how pay you?4. into your when you did move new house?5. listening to what you are?6. the game basketball who won?7. I borrow can your phone?8. you do watch want movie a tonight to?Answers1. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend?[The order of yes/no questions is: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]2. Where did you grow up?[The order of object Wh-questions is: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.] 3. How much did you pay for your new car?[The order of object Wh-questions: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.] 4. When did you move into your new house?[The order of object Wh-questions is: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.] 5. What are you listening to?[The order of object Wh-questions is: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.] 6. Who won the basketball game?[The order of subject Wh-questions is: question word + verb + object.]7. Can I borrow your phone?[The order of yes/no questions is: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]8. Do you want to watch a movie tonight?[The order of yes/no questions is: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]Unite 2Present simple and present continuousMeaning and useWe use the present simple for:•things that we do regularly•facts and truths•habits•permanent situationsWe often use adverbs of frequency and time expressions like every day, once a week, on Fridays.I check my email every day. (regular activity)Sheryl works at the bank. (permanent situation)•We use the present continuous for:•things that are happening now – at the time we are speaking,•temporary situations•activities that are in progressWe often use time expressions like at the moment, today, this week.Just a minute. I’m checking my email. (now)She usually works in London, but she’s working from home this week. (temporary situation)I’m studying Economics (activity in progress)Form - PositiveThe present simple has the same form as the infinitive w ithout 'to'’ for I, you, we and they. For he, she and it, we add -s or -es to the infinitive.They live in Rome.Julian starts work at nine o’clock and finishes at five.The present continuous for I is subject + am + verb-ing For you, we and they: subject+are+ -verb-ing. For he, she, it:subject+is + verb-ing. We usually use contractions (I’m, he’s, they’re, etc.) when we are speaking.Can I call you back later? We’re having dinner right now.Form - NegativeThe negative present simple is subject+don’t (do not) +infinitive without'to' for I, you, we and they, and subject+doesn’t(does not) +infinitive without'to' for he, she and it.I don’t eat meat.It doesn’t usually snow in October.The negative present continuous for I is I’m not + verb-ing. For you, we and they: subject+aren’t+ verb-ing. For he, she, it:subject+isn’t + verb-ing.He isn’t answering his mobile at the moment.Form - questionsThe present simple question form is do/does+subject+infinitive without ‘to’.Do you read the news online every day?Does the supermarket sell stamps?The present continuous question form is am/is/are+subject+ verb-ing.What are you doing?Is it raining?Take note: spelling changesIn the present simple, regular verbs end in -s or -es, but -y changes to -i.marry – marr ies study – stud iesIn the present continuous, all verbs end in -ing, but sometimes the spelling changes. make – mak ing sit – sit ting die – d yingTake note: spellingIn the present simple, regular verbs end in -s or -es, but -y changes to -i.marry – marr iesstudy – stud iesIn the present continuous, all main verbs end in -ing, but sometimes the spelling changes.make – mak ingsit – sit tingdie – d yingTake note: verbs we don’t use in the present continuousThere are some verbs that we don’t usually use in the continuous form. They are often verbs linked to the senses and thinking, for example: hear, see, smell, hate, know, understand, believe, want, need.Wrong: Could you explain that again? I’m not understanding.Correct: Could you explain that again? I don’t understand.PracticeMatch questions 1-8 with answers a-h.1. Does it snow in the UK? a. My home’s in Brazil.2. Is it snowing in the UK? b. Yes, I’m the managing director.3. Do you work here? c. No, I’ve got a day off.4. Are you working today? d. Just coke, usually.5. Where do you live? e. It’s water.6. Where are you living? f. In a friend’s flat in London.7. What do you drink? g. Not right now.8. What are you drinking? h. Only in winter.Answers1. Does it snow in the UK? (h) Only in winter.[Use the present simple for truths and facts.]2. Is it snowing in the UK? (g) Not right now.[Use the present continuous for things that are/aren’t happening now.]3. Do you work here? (b) Yes, I’m the managing director.[Use the present simple for permanent situations.]4. Are you working today? (c) No, I’ve got a day off.[Use the present continuous for temporary situations.]5. Wher e do you live? (a) My home’s in Brazil.[Use the present simple for permanent situations.]6. Where are you living? (f) In a friend’s flat in London.[Use the present continuous for temporary situations.]7. What do you drink? (d) Usually just coke.[Use the present simple for habits.]8. What are you drinking? (e) It’s water.[Use the present continuous for things happening now.]Unite 3'Like' for preference and descriptionMeaning and useThe word like can be used in a number of different ways. In this unit we look at two of these:1. Like can be used as a verb to express a preference or interest in a person, place or thing.I like your earrings. Where did you get them?2. Like can also be used as a preposition to ask for a description of a person, place or thing.Emily: What’s your English teacher like?Bob: She’s kind and intelligent.Form (as verb)We use like as a verb in this way: subject + like + objectEmily: I like sports. Do you like playing football?Bob: Yes, I do. I also like fishing. Do you like fishing?Emily: No, I don’t.PositiveI like shopping.Bob likes playing football.NegativeI don’t like sports.Emily doesn’t like reading.QuestionDo you like horror movies?Does Bob like cartoons?Form (as preposition)We use like as a preposition in this set phrase:what + to be + noun/noun phrase + like?Andrea: What’s California like?Jamie: It’s hot and sunny.Take note: Is the question asking for preference or description?When asking for preference, we use like with do or does in the question.Do you like playing tennis?What sports do you like?We don’t use do or does when asking for a description. Instead, we start the question with what and end with like.What is she like?What’s London like?What was your weekend like?Take note: Time and placeWe can specify time and place when asking for a description by using a phrase at the end of the question.What will the weather be like next weekend?What are the beaches like in Barcelona?Spoken EnglishIn formal speech (or writing), each word in a question usually appears separately. What is your new house like?However, we usually use contractions in informal speech (and writing).What’s your new house like?PracticeMatch questions 1-8 with answers a-h.1. What’s your new music teacher like? a. No, I don’t. They’re so scary!2. What was your weekend like? b. They’re really friendly. I like them a lot.3. Do you like watching horror movies? c. Yes, I do. I like them a lot!4. What are your new neighbours like? d. It’s sunny and warm.5. What movies do you like? e. He likes football and baseball.6. What sports does your brother like? f. Horrible! He’s so strict.7. Do you like your new shoes? g. I like act ion movies. They’re exciting!8. What’s the weather like? h. It was fun! We went swimming.Answers1. What’s your new music teacher like? (f) Horrible! He’s so strict.[This question is asking for a description (of a person). You can tell becuase it begins with ‘What’ and ends with ‘like’.]2. What was your weekend like? (h) It was fun! We went swimming.[This question is asking for a description (of a time). You can tell becuase it begins with ‘What’ and ends with ‘like’.]3. Do you like watching horror movies? (a) No, I don’t. They’re so scary![This question is asking about preference (of a thing). You can tell becuase it begins with ‘Do’.]4. What are your new neighbours like? (b) They’re really friendly. I like them a lot.[This question is asking for a description (of people). You can tell because it begins with ‘What’ and ends with ‘like’.]5. What movies do you like? (g) I like action movies. They’re exciting![This question is asking about preference (of thing). as it begins with ‘Do’]6. What sports does your brother like? (e) He likes football and baseball.[This question is asking about preference (of thing). You can tell because it has ‘does’ in the question.]7. Do you like your new shoes? (c) Yes, I do. I like them a lot![This question is asking about preference (of thing). You can tell because it begins with ‘Do’.]8. What’s the weather like? (d) It’s sunny and warm.[This question is asking for a description (of thing). You can tell because it begins with‘What’ and ends with ‘like’.]Unite 4Adverbs of frequencyMeaning and useAdverbs give us more information about a verb. Adverbs of frequency tell us howoften an activity happens. There are many adverbs to choose from. Here are some of the most common ones, listed from most frequent to least frequentI always walk to work..They usually arrive late.My father often forgets his birthday.He sometimes wakes up early.I rarely drink tea in the morning.You hardly ever say you love me.Jenny never drinks coffee in the evening.We can use adverbs of frequency with the verb to be.We are never unhappy.This time of year is usually the coldest.We can use modal verbs with adverbs of frequency. For example, we can use the auxiliary verbs can, should and might, which express ability (can), obligation (should), and possibility (might).Laura can sometimes hold her breath for over a minute.You should always put on suncream when it’s very sunny.We might never see each other again.FormAdverbs of frequency go before the main verb.subject + adverb + main verbI always eat breakfast.They sometimes take a taxi.They go after the verb ‘to be’.subject + to be + adverb + main verbI am always late for work.He is often ready for work at 6 am.We aren’t usually hungry in the morning.They go between a modal and the main verb.subject + modal + adverb + main verbYou should always wear a helmet.I can sometimes hear my neighbour’s TV.PositiveI always take the bus into town.Jenny is often late for work.NegativeThe adverb of frequency goes between the auxiliary and the main verb.We don’t usually watch TV after lunch.They can’t always wait for you.It goes after ‘to be’.I am not always this organised.They aren’t usually late.QuestionFor questions, the order is auxiliary + subject + adverb of frequency + verb.Do you always eat here?Does he usually do that?Take note: negative adverbsNegative adverbs such as never, seldom, rarely and hardly ever cannot be used in negative sentences. The following sentence is incorrect, because it has a double negative.WRONG: The weather isn’t never sunny.CORRECT:The weather is never sunny.Take note: sometimesSometimes can go before the subject, before the main verb, and after the main verb.Sometimes we go fishing.We sometimes go fishing.We go fishing sometimes.Take note: adverbs of frequency and the present continuousWe usually use adverbs of frequency with the present simple, but they can also be used with the present continuous. The adverb comes between the auxiliary and the main verb.She’s always losing her phone.Spoken EnglishSome people pronounce the /t/ sound in often; other people pronounce often with a'silent t'. Both are acceptable.Unite 5Grammar ReferenceUnit 5 - ‘Have to’ and ‘must’ (obligation)Meaning and useIf you have to do something, it is necessary for you to do it. It’s a law, an obligation or a fact.You have to get a visa if you want to go to Russia.According to our agreement, we have to send these orders to our client today.I have to go to the doctor later today.If you must do something, it is necessary for you to do it, but this is often your opinion or a rule that you have made yourself.I must remember to buy a birthday card for Alice today.We see must (not have to) in formal written notices or rules that an organization has made itself.All students must be at the examination hall fifteen minutes before the exam.We can often use either have to or must in a sentence. But be careful! There a big difference in meaning between don’t have to and mustn’t. If you don’t have to do something, it isn’t necessary to do it, but you can if you want.You don’t have to finish the spreadsheet today. Tomorrow will be fine.If you mustn’t do something, it means ‘don’t do it’. It is necessary not to do it. Employees mustn’t send passwords by email.I mustn’t make any mistakes this time.FormWe use have to/must+ infinitive without ‘to’. Must is the same form for all persons (I, you, he, she, etc.). Have to changes to has to in the third person singular (he, she, it). PositiveKaren has to get up at six every day in order to get to work on time.You must drive more carefully or you will have an accident.NegativeYou don’t have to take a towel. The swimming pool provides them.They’re expecting us to call so we mustn’t forget.QuestionsIt is possible to ask questions with Must + subject...? but it is much more common to use Do/Does + subject + have to...?Do I have to come to the meeting tomorrow? (Must I come to the meeting tomorrow?)Take note: the future and the pastThere is no future or past form of must. We use will have to (future)and had to (past).It’s too late now. You’ll have to talk toher tomorrow.All the trains were cancelled, so we had to get a taxi.Did you have to write it all again?Take note: have got toIn informal British English, we sometimes use have got to instead of have to. They mean the same.You’ve got to get a visa if you want to go to Russia.Have we got to send these orders today?Spoken EnglishHave to and must are modal verbs. When we say modal verbs, we usually say them quickly and often without emphasis. So have to sounds like ‘hafta’(haf tə). Must sounds like ‘mus’ (məs). You don’t hear the final /t/ sound in must.Unite 6Past simpleMeaning and useWe use the past simple when an action or situation happens and finishes in the past. We usually say or know when it happened.She called me at the office yesterday.I worked in London in 2010.Steve went to the US three times last year.We often use the past simple in stories, when one thing happens after another in the past.I stopped working in London and I looked for another job.Past simple positiveFor regular verbs, the past simple ends in -ed. Irregular verbs have a different past form. The past simple form is the same for all persons (I, you, he, she, etc.)I finished university in 2010 and I started a job in a bank.Then he left that job and went to live in Japan.We lived there for a year.Past simple negativeWe make the negative form with didn’t (did not)+infinitive without ‘to’.I didn’t like working in a bank.He didn’t go to the US. He went to Japan.Past simple questionsPast simple wh-word questions are made from question word + did + subject + infinitive.Where did you go last night?The question word how is usually combined with other words when asking for information, such as size, time, or the price of something.How long did it take to cook dinner?Past simple yes/no questions are made from did+subject+infinitive without ‘to’. Did you like living in Japan?What did your children do there?We can use short answers:Did you go to Anjali’s party last night?Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.Take note: spelling changesSome regular verbs end in -ed, but have some spelling changes in the past simple. stop – stop pedtravel – travel ledmarry – marr iedstudy - stud iedTake note: time expressionsWe often use the past simple with time expressions like yesterday, last month, six years ago, when I was a child.Did you travel a lot when you were young?He married Sonya three years ago.Irregular verbsInfinitive - Past simple - Past participlefall - fell - fallenfeel - felt - feltget - got - gotgo - went - gone/beenhave - had - hadhurt - hurt - hurtkeep - kept - keptput - put - putrun - ran - runtake - took - takentell - told - toldUnite 7Past simple and past continuousMeaning and useWe use the past simple for something that happened and finished in the past. We use it when we say or know the time when something happened. It is often used in stories, when one thing happened after another.Last year, we travelled by jeep across the Sahara.When the car stopped, we all got out.We use the past continuous for something that happened in the past but was not finished at a particular time. This can be an exact time in the past (12 o’clock, etc.) or the time when another thing happened.It was 12 o’clock and we were standing in the midday sun.Mick was checking the engine when the rescue helicopter arrived.We also use the past continuous to describe a scene or situation in the past or for an action that continued for some time.The stars were beginning to come out.The dog was barking loudly.FormPast simple: positiveFor regular verbs, the past simple ends in -ed. Irregular verbs have different forms. The past simple form is the same for all persons (I, you, he, she, etc).Suddenly the jeep skidded and stopped.Jake thought that we had a puncture.Past continuous: positiveThe past continuous is subject+was/were+-ing form. There are no short formsof was/were.Fortunately, we were carrying a toolkit.Past simple: negativeWe make the negative past simple with didn’t+infinitive.We didn’t stay inside the jeep because that was even hotter.Past continuous: negativeWe make the negative past continuous with wasn’t/weren’t+-ing formDespite the heat, Jess and Debs weren’t wearing hats.Past simple: questionThe past simple question form is did+subject+infinitive for all persons. The short answers are Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.Did the helicopter land in the desert? Yes it did.Past continuous: questionThe past continuous question form is was/were+subject+ -ing form. The short answers are Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.How were you feeling when it arrived?Take note: spelling changesIn the past continuous, all verbs end in -ing, but sometimes the spelling changes:take – tak ing hit – hit ting die – d yingTake note: verbs we don’t use in the past continuousThere are some verbs that we don’t usually use in the continuous form. They are often verbs related to the senses and thinking, for example: hear, see, smell, hate, know, understand, believe, notice, want, need, seem, wish.WRONG: Were you knowing Jess when you were living in Madrid?CORRECT: Did you know Jess when you were living in Madrid?Spoken EnglishIn the past simple and the past continuous, we usually use a contraction with the negative auxiliary verb:didn’t(= did not) wasn’t (= was not)We usually say the positive and negative auxiliary verbs quickly and without emphasis. We don’t usually pronounce the final ‘t’ in ‘didn’t’, ‘wasn’t’ or ‘weren’t’ in the flow of speech.He wasn’t looking when his team scored a goal./hi wɒzn ˈlʊkɪŋ wɛn hɪz tiːm skɔːd ə gəʊl/But when the word following the contraction begins with a vowel sound, we pronounce the final ‘t’:They were delayed, so they didn’t arrive on time./ðeɪ wə dɪˈleɪd, səʊ ðeɪdɪdnt əˈraɪvɒn taɪm/Unite 8ArticlesA and anA or an means one person or thing. We use a or an:1) before singular nouns: I've been to a concert. We had a great day and we saw an elephant.2) before the name of a job:My sister wants to be an engineer.A or an?Use a before consonant sounds: a ch air, a h orse, a l aptopThis includes letters u or eu when they are pronounced y (/j/): a u niversity, a e uroUse an before vowel sounds. These words usually start with a, e, i, o, u: an a rchitect, an i dea, an u mbrellaAlso use an with words that start with the letter h when the h is not pronounced: anh our,an h onourTheWe use the:1) before singular nouns that we have already mentioned with a/an:We saw an elephant. The elephant was standing under some trees.2) before singular, plural or uncountable nouns when we say exactly which personor thing we mean:The people who live next door are really nice.Where's the brown sugar?Note that we don't use the before plural and uncountable nouns when we are talking about things in general:Children need plenty of exercise and fresh air. (children in general)Sugar isn't good for you. (sugar in general)3) We also use the before singular, plural or uncountable nouns when it is clear which person or thing we mean:I'm going to the supermarket. (the one we always go to)The children are upstairs. (our children)Could you shut the door? (the door of this room)4) We use the before nouns when there is only one:The sun is shining and there aren't any clouds in the sky.5) We use the with superlatives:You're the best dad ever!6) We use the in many expressions with 'of'In the middle of the nightThe Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAt the end of my holidayThe or zero article?Here are some rules:Use the with•Countries with plural names or with Republic or Kingdom in the name: The United Arab Emirates, The Netherlands, The United Kingdom•Geographical areas in noun phrases: I live in the north-west of Egypt, in the east •The names of rivers, seas, oceans and mountain ranges: The Mississippi, The Black Sea, The Atlantic, The Urals•Parts of the day: in the morning/afternoon/evening•Most prepositional phrases of position and place: at the top, on the left, at the office/bank/cinemaUse zero article (-) with•The names of most countries, cities and continents: Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Warsaw, Beijing, Europe, Asia•Geographical areas in adjective phrases: I live in (-) north-west Egypt, (-) eastern France•The names of single mountains and lakes: Mount Kilimanjaro, Lake Titicaca•Exact days, months and times: o n (-) Friday, in (-) March, at (-) 7 o’clock•Some prepositional phrases of place: at (-) home, at (-) work, in (-) bed, at (-) seaTake note: school/university, etc.There is a special rule for these places: school, university, college, hospital, prison, church. Compare these examples:The children go to school by bus. I go to the school to help twice a week.Ben's studying maths at university. He works in the canteen at the university.She was in hospital for three weeks. Is there a shop in the hospital?If someone is at the place because they are a student / are sick / a prisoner, etc, we don't use the. If they are there for another reason, or we are talking about the building, weuse the.Articles and adjectivesAdjectives go between articles and nouns: What a great place this is! I went on an amazing trip. We went to the famous Bondi beach.Pronouncing articlesWe usually pronounce a/an with a weak vowel sound /ə/ ('uh'). It sounds like the vowel sound in fun, and not the vowel sound in cat.Before consonants and the letters u or eu when they are pronounced y (/j/), we pronounce the with this weak sound /ə/, too.the d octor, the p arty, the u niformBut when the is before a vowel sound, we pronounce the with the long ee sound in see. the a fternoon, the i ce, the o pen door, the u pstairs roomsUnite 9Present continuous and ‘be going to’ for talking about the futureMeaning and useWe can use the present continuous to talk about the future when we have already arranged to do something. It's definite, not just an idea. Perhaps we have put the arrangement in our diaries.'Are you free at 2 o'clock on Tuesday?' 'No, I'm meeting a client.'We can use be going to to talk about something that we have decided to do in the future, but not arranged yet. It's possible that the plan might change.。
esl入门词汇与表达
esl入门词汇与表达摘要：一、引言1.介绍ESL 的概念2.ESL 的重要性3.文章的目的和结构二、ESL 入门词汇1.基本日常用语2.家庭成员和称呼3.数字和颜色4.方向和位置5.购物和饮食三、ESL 入门表达1.问候和介绍2.道别和感谢3.道歉和原谅4.请求和命令5.疑问和回答四、学习ESL 的方法1.寻找合适的学习资源2.创造语言环境3.练习口语和听力4.学习语法和写作5.培养学习兴趣和耐心五、总结1.强调学习ESL 的重要性2.鼓励持续学习正文：随着全球化的加速推进，英语作为世界通用语言的重要性日益凸显。
对于许多非英语母语的人来说，学习英语成为了一项必备技能。
本篇文章将为您介绍ESL（English as a Second Language，英语作为第二语言）的入门词汇与表达，帮助您迅速掌握基本的英语交流能力。
一、引言英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言，学习和掌握英语对于个人的职业发展和生活品质具有重要意义。
本文将为您提供一份ESL 入门词汇与表达的指南，旨在帮助您迅速提高英语水平。
二、ESL 入门词汇在学习ESL 的过程中，掌握一些基本的日常用语是至关重要的。
以下是一些常见的ESL 入门词汇：1.基本日常用语：如问候、道别、感谢、道歉等，例如：Hello, Goodbye, Thank you, I"m sorry 等。
2.家庭成员和称呼：如父母、兄弟姐妹、亲戚等，例如：mom, dad, brother, sister 等。
3.数字和颜色：如数字0-10、颜色红、黄、蓝等，例如：zero, one, two, red, yellow, blue 等。
4.方向和位置：如上下、左右、前后、里面、外面等，例如：up, down, left, right, inside, outside 等。
5.购物和饮食：如食物、饮料、餐馆、超市等，例如：food, drink, restaurant, supermarket 等。
ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospital
ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospital GLOSSARYemergency room – the part of a hospital that treats people with serious, dangerous, and unexpected medical problems* If you’re having chest pain, go to the emergency room right away because it could be a hear attack.trauma unit – the part of a hospital that treats people with injuries (not illnesses) * The trauma unit sees a lot of student athletes, especially football players.heart condition – a weakness or other problem in the heart (the part of the body that pumps to move blood)* Eating a lot of salt will increase his blood pressure and make his heart condition worse.cardiology – the area of medicine dealing with the heart* We are taking Joanna to see a doctor in the cardiology department at the children’s hospital.ICU – intensive care unit; the part of a hospital that provides specialized care and treatments for people who are very sick and need almost constant attention* Normally, visitors are welcome in the hospital, but in the ICU, only close family members can come, and only for one hour each day.pregnant – expecting a child; with a baby growing inside a woman’s body* As soon a Becca found out she was pregnant, she started buying baby clothes and decorating the nursery.obstetrics – the area of medicine related to childbirth and the care of women who are pregnant and giving birth* Are husbands allowed to be in the obstetrics department, or do they have to wait in the lobby until the babies are born?gynecology – the area of medicine dealing with illness and diseases affecting girls and women, especially involving the female reproductive system (functions related to having babies)* Doctors specializing in gynecology have to know a lot about sexually transmitted diseases.ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospitalneonatal – newborn; referring to a baby that was born very recently (usually within a few hours or days of birth)* You can’t see the baby yet because she’s being checked by doctors in the neonatal ward.neurology – the area of medicine related to the study of the brain and the nervous system (how messages are sent through the body for movement and sensation)* A neurology exam revealed that Shannon’s problems with her legs are related to damaged nerves.oncology – the area of medicine related to the study of cancer and tumors (a part of the body that grows uncontrollably)* The doctor found a suspicious lump in Kimi’s left breast, so she referred her to the oncology department.burn unit – the part of a hospital that treats people who have been burned by fire or very hot objects* After his car exploded, Vladimir was in the burn unit for several days while doctors treated his injuries.to look (someone or something) up – to search for a name or word in a list or database; to conduct research to find a particular piece of information* Have you tried looking up Kirk’s number in the phone book?to admit – to complete paperwork so that someone can come into a hospital or clinic as a patient* Yes, sir, I realize you’re in pain, but you have to answer these questions and sign these papers before I can admit you and arrange for the doctor to see you. to go out of (one’s) mind – to go crazy; to become irrational and illogical, especially because one is very worried or anxious about something* Am I going out of my mind, or did I just see a giraffe walking down Main Street? bedpan – a basin or other small container used to hold urine (pee) and feces (poop) from someone who must stay in bed and cannot get up to use the bathroom* Henry has always been independent, and now that he’s sick, he’s very uncomfortable seeing his wife change his bedpan for him.ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a HospitalCOMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1. In which part of the hospital are you most likely to find a newborn baby?a) The emergency roomb) The neonatal unitc) The burn unit2. Which branch of medicine studies the human heart?a) Cardiologyb) Gynecologyc) Neurology______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?unitThe word “unit,” in this podcast, means a department or one part of a hospital or clinic, as well as the people working there: “The pediatrics unit has brightly painted walls and lots of toys for the children to play with.” When talking about an apartment complex, a “unit” is one apartment: “We live in Building E, Unit 4.” A “unit” is also used to talk about measurements: “Feet and yards are units of length.” Or, “How can I convert units from grams to ounces?” When talking about manufacturing, “units” are the number of items that have been made: “On a good day, we can produce up to 3,000 units per hour.” Finally, a “family unit” is a group of related people who live together: “What percentage of our students live in a traditional family unit with two parents?”to look (someone or something) upIn this podcast, the phrase “to look (someone or something) up” means to search for a name or word in a list or database: “If you don’t know the meaning of a word, look it up in a dictionary.” The phrase “to look in on (someone)” means to visit someone and check up on him/her, especially if that person is sick: “Could you please look in on grandma at least once a week?” The phrase “to look (something) over” means to review something quickly, but not in great detail: “Could you please look over these calculations and check to see if they’re correct?” Finally, the phrase “to look forward to (something)” means to anticipate and want something to happen: “We’re really looking forward to your visit next month!”ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a HospitalCULTURE NOTETypes of HospitalsWhen people think of hospitals, they usually think of a “general hospital” that is prepared to deal with many types of diseases and injuries. General hospitals usually have an emergency room and they are prepared to admit patients from a single area. Some of these hospitals are “non-profit” (organizations that work for a particular purpose, but not primarily to make money), often organized by a church. But other general hospitals have a traditional “business model” (operational plans designed to make money).Other types of hospitals are more specialized. For example, many large cities have “children’s hospitals” that focus on “pediatrics” (medicine for children).A “teaching hospital” provides medical treatments, but is closely “affiliated with” (connected to) a medical school or a nursing school. Doctors and nurses are on staff, but they work alongside “medical students” (students who want to become doctors) and nursing students, giving them “hands-on experience” (learning by doing, not by reading or hearing about something) with patients. Patients may receive treatments from students operating under the “supervision” (observation and monitoring) of “licensed” (with official permission to do something) healthcare providers.Finally, a “research hospital” also provides medical treatments, but the doctors are actively “engaged” (involved) in research projects. Patients may be asked to “give their permission” (say that something is okay) for “experimental treatments” (treatments that have not been performed often and whose results are not yet known).______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – b; 2 – aESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospital COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 951 – Parts of a Hospital.This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 951. I’m your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development in beautiful Los Angeles, California.Our website is . Go there, become a member of ESL Podcast, and download a learning guide for this episode.This episode is a dialogue that takes place at a hospital about the parts of a hospital. Let’s get started.[start of dialogue]Jordan: Excuse me, my girlfriend was brought into the hospital about two hours ago, but I can’t find her.Admissions Clerk: Why was she brought into the hospital?Jordan: I’m not sure. I got a call from her coworker, but she didn’t give me any details.Admissions Clerk: If it weren’t an accident, then she wouldn’t be in the emergency room or the trauma unit.Jordan: It may have been her heart. She has a heart condition.Admissions Clerk: Then she might be in the cardiology department. If she is in severe condition, she’ll be in the ICU.Jordan: It may also be the baby. She’s pregnant.Admissions Clerk: Then she might be in the obstetrics and gynecology department. And if the baby has been born, it would be in the neonatal unit. Jordan: I’m just not sure where to go. Maybe I’ll start in the cardiology department.ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospital Admissions Clerk: That’s fine. Go past the neurology and oncology departments and it’s on your right. If you see the burn unit, then you’ve gone too far. Jordan: You can’t look her up for me to see if she’s been admitted? Admissions Clerk: I’m sorry, but our computer systems are down right now. If you wait until they’re up again, I can try to find her for you.Jordan: And go out of my mind worrying? No thanks. I’m going to find her, even if I have to look behind every bedpan![end of dialogue]Our dialogue begins by Jordan saying to an employee of the hospital, “Excuse me, my girlfriend was brought into the hospital about two hours ago, but I can’t find her.” Jordan is speaking to the admissions clerk. If you are “admitted” to a hospital, that means that you are formally registered, usually to stay overnight or to stay for a longer period in the hospital. The person who takes care of the paperwork – of getting your information, your insurance documents, and so forth – is called the “admissions clerk.” The word “admissions” comes from the verb “to admit” – to let into.The admissions clerk says, “Why was she brought into the hospital?” Jordan says, “I’m not sure. I got a call from her coworker, but she didn’t give me any details.” The admission’s clerk says, “If it weren’t an accident, then she wouldn’t be in the emergency room or the trauma unit.” The emergency room in a hospital – sometimes called the “ER,” by its initials – is the part of the hospital that treats or takes care of people who have very serious or dangerous medical problems that need to be treated right away.If you break your leg or you have a cut in your arm and it’s bleeding, you would go to the emergency room. You can’t wait to make an appointment to go see your doctor next week; you have to go right now. A “trauma (trauma) unit” is a part of a hospital that takes care of people who have injuries like a broken leg, but not illnesses like influenza or some other disease. Trauma units take care of people who have had accidents – physical injuries that usually result from some activity such as playing sports or driving a car and getting in a car accident, that sort of thing.Jordan says, “It may have been her heart. She has a heart condition.” A “heart condition” is when you have some problem with your heart, some problem that might be serious enough for you to go to go to a hospital, for example. PeopleESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospitalwho have heart conditions can have a lot of different things wrong with the heart. It’s just a general term. The admissions clerk then says, “Then she might be in the cardiology department.” “Cardiology” (cardiology) is an area of medicine that deals with the heart. It’s the area of medicine that is concerned with the heart. The clerk says, “If she is in severe condition, she’ll be in the ICU.” The “ICU” is the “intensive care unit.” The word “unit” in a hospital just means the section or area. Intensive care is when someone is very sick, perhaps even close to dying, and so you need someone to be watching over them, to be looking after them, 24 hours a day. The intensive care unit is where people go with all sorts of different kinds of illnesses and problems, but who are all in danger of dying, really. Jordan says, “It may also be the baby. She’s pregnant.” “To be pregnant” (pregnant) means you are expecting a baby. You are expecting a child. The situation in this dialogue, as in other dialogues, is meant to reflect the changes that have taken place, in some cases, in the U.S. These are situations that are not necessarily the same as in other countries or, for that matter, even a few years ago here in the U.S. It has become common in past 20 years for a larger percentage of women to get pregnant before they get married and even have children before they are married.The admissions clerk says, “Then she might be in the obstetrics and gynecology department.” “Obstetrics” (obstetrics) is the area of medicine related to childbirth, to the care of women who are pregnant and are having a baby. “Gynecology” (gynecology) is the area of medicine that deals with illnesses and diseases affecting girls and women – affecting females. A man would not go to a gynecology department . . . unless you were the doctor in the gynecology department. If you need more explanations about this, you can talk to your own doctor, or maybe your parents.The admissions clerk says, “If the baby has been born” – and of course, one would think Jordan would know if that were about to happen – “it would be in the neonatal unit.” “Neonatal” (neonatal) is the part of the hospital that takes care of babies who have been born very recently, usually within, say, 24 hours of the birth. Jordan, who is quite clearly a confused person at this point, says, “I’m not sure where to go.” Of course, it seems unlikely that the girlfriend wouldn’t have a telephone – a cell phone – nowadays, but well, Jordan apparently doesn’t think of that.He says, “Maybe I’ll start in the cardiology department.” The admissions clerk says, “That’s fine” – okay – “Go past the neurology and oncology departments and it’s on your right.” The “neurology (neurology) department” is the part of theESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a Hospitalhospital that takes care of people who have problems with their brain and what is called the “nervous system.” The “nervous system” is the way that the body communicates messages, or the brain communicates messages, to the rest of the body, you could say. So, if you have problems with your brain, like my neighbor, then you might be in the neurology department.There’s also a part of the hospital called an “oncology (oncology) department.” An “oncology department” takes care of people who have cancer. The admissions clerk says, “If you see the burn unit, then you’ve gone too far.” In other words, if you are walking down the hallway of the hospital, and you see something called the “burn unit,” you’ve walked too far. You have to turn around and go back. The “burn (burn) unit” is the part of the hospital that treats people who have been burned by fire or some other hot object.Jordan says, “You can’t look her up for me to see if she’s been admitted?” Jordan is asking the admissions clerk if she can give him that information by looking it up. “To look someone up” is a phrasal verb meaning to search for that person – usually, nowadays, in a database that is in a computer. “To be admitted,” as we mentioned earlier, means to be formally taken into and registered at a hospital. Jordan wants to know if the admissions clerk can just look up the information for him.That isn’t always possible, especially if you’re not a family member. In fact, in many hospitals there are strict rules about the kind of information you can get by talking to the admissions office, but that doesn’t seem to be the problem here. The admissions clerk says, “I’m sorry, but our computer systems are down right now.” When we say the “computer systems are down,” we mean the computer isn’t working again. She says, “If you wait until they’re up again, I can try to find her for you” – if you wait until the computer systems are working, then the admissions clerk says she can try to find the girlfriend for Jordan.Jordan says, “And go out of my mind worrying?” “To go out of your mind” means to go crazy, to become irrational – usually because you’re very worried or anxious about something. Jordan says, “No thanks. I’m going to find her, even if I have to look behind every bedpan.” A “bedpan” (bedpan) – one word – is a small container that is used for people basically to do what they would normally do in a bathroom. But if they can’t get out of their bed, they need somewhere “to go,” we would say informally. That is what a bedpan is.What Jordan is really saying is that he’s going to look everywhere to find her, instead of just waiting for the computer system to come back up.ESL Podcast 951 – Parts of a HospitalNow let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.[start of dialogue]Jordan: Excuse me, my girlfriend was brought into the hospital about two hours ago, but I can’t find her.Admissions Clerk: Why was she bought into the hospital?Jordan: I’m not sure. I got a call from her coworker, but she didn’t give me any details.Admissions Clerk: If it weren’t an accident, then she wouldn’t be in the emergency room or the trauma unit.Jordan: It may have been her heart. She has a heart condition.Admissions Clerk: Then she might be in the cardiology department. If she is in severe condition, she’ll be in the ICU.Jordan: It may also be the baby. She’s pregnant.Admissions Clerk: Then she might be in the obstetrics and gynecology department. And if the baby has been born, it would be in the neonatal unit.Jordan: I’m just not sure where to go. Maybe I’ll start in the cardiology department.Admissions Clerk: That’s fine. Go past the neurology and oncology departments and it’s on your right. If you see the burn unit, then you’ve gone too far. Jordan: You can’t look her up for me to see if she’s been admitted? Admissions Clerk: I’m sorry, but our computer systems are down right now. If you wait until they’re up again, I can try to find her for you.Jordan: And go out of my mind worrying? No thanks. I’m going to find her, even if I have to look behind every bedpan![end of dialogue]You don’t need to look up the name of our scriptwriter anywhere – I’ll tell you: it’s Dr. Lucy Tse.From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan. Thank you for listening. Come back and listen to us again right here on ESL Podcast.English as a Second Language Podcast was written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse, hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan. Copyright 2013 by the Center for EducationalDevelopment.。
esl prodcast 教材
esl prodcast 教材
以下是一些ESL (英语作为第二语言) Podcast所使用的教材：
1. EnglishClass101: 使用他们的"Absolute Beginner"系列，教授
基础的英语单词和句子。
2. British Council: 他们的"LearnEnglish Elementary Podcast"系
列是专为初学者设计的，并涵盖了日常对话和常用词汇等主题。
3. ESLPod: 提供大量的ESL Podcast，以便学习者可以选择适
合自己水平的内容。
他们的教材覆盖了各种主题，包括生活、旅行、工作和学业等。
4. Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab: 这个网站提供了大量的ESL Podcast和听力练习，可供学习者在不同主题上提高他们
的听力技巧。
它们的教材涵盖了各种主题，如社交活动、家庭、商务和文化等。
5. Breaking News English: 这个网站提供了专门针对ESL学习
者设计的新闻故事和相关的听力练习。
学习者可以通过这些教材提高他们的听力技巧和阅读理解能力。
这些教材提供了丰富多样的学习资源，适合不同水平的学习者使用。
学习者可以根据自己的需要和兴趣选择适合自己的教材。
国外自学英语的教材
国外自学英语的教材国外自学英语的教材有很多选择，以下是一些推荐的教材：1. "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy：这本书是一个经典的语法教材，适合初学者和中级学习者使用。
它包含清晰的解释和大量的练习题。
2. "New English File" by Clive Oxenden：这是一套流行的英语教材系列，有助于提高听力、口语和阅读能力。
它提供了丰富的语言材料和实用的会话练习。
3. "The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English"：这是一本权威的英语词典，提供了丰富的词汇和短语，以及它们的解释和用法。
4. "The Oxford Dictionary of English"：这是一本全面的英语词典，包含了大量的词汇和短语，以及它们的解释和用法。
5. "ESL Podcast"：这是一个流行的英语学习播客，提供了大量的听力材料和口语练习，可以帮助学习者提高英语听说能力。
6. "Grammar in Use" series：这是一套由多本分册组成的语法教材，从初级到高级都有覆盖，适合不同水平的英语学习者使用。
7. "Cambridge English Series"：这是一套全面的英语教材系列，包括听力、阅读、语法和词汇等方面的练习，可以帮助学习者提高英语各方面的能力。
这些教材都有其独特的优点和适用范围，学习者可以根据自己的需要和水平选择适合自己的教材。
同时，建议学习者结合多种教材进行学习，以获得更全面的英语知识和技能。
ESL Podcast 118 - Small Talk at a Business Lunch
Audio Index:Slow dialog: 1:04Explanations: 2:44Fast dialog: 11:48James: Hello, are you Muriel Douglas?Muriel: Yes, and you must be James. It's nice to meet you at long last.James: Yes, you too. Thanks for agreeing to meet with us about the new account. My associate, Susan Kim, should be here any minute. Would you like something to drink while we're waiting?Muriel: No, thanks. I'm fine. Did you have a nice holiday?James: Yes, I did. My family and I went to Tahoe to ski and the weather was great. How about you?Muriel: I stayed in L.A. and it was sunny the entire weekend. We spent most of the time at home but we did go see King Kong on Christmas day.James: How did you like it?Muriel: It was better than I expected. But, you know, I think I would have enjoyed skiing in Tahoe even better. Do you go there often?James: No, not much. My wife doesn't like to ski. She prefers vacationing where it's warmer, like Hawaii.Muriel: I don't blame her. I really enjoyed it there when we went a few years ago. I'd like to go back sometime soon.James: Yes, me too. Oh, here's Susan now. Let me introduce you.。
01+-+ESLPodcast+Introduction+-+What+is+ESLPodcast
All of the voices you will hear on ESL Podcast will be native speakers. We suggest that you listen to the entire podcast at least once, and then re-listen to Part 1 until you feel you understand most of it. You will find that your listening comprehension will increase after each listening.
ESLPod cast is currently produced by a team of volunteers. It is a production of the Center for Educational Development, in Los Angeles, California. My name is Dr. Jeff McQuillan, and I’m the host of ESL Podcast. I have been teaching English as a Second Language for many years both hin other countries. I received my Ph.D., my doctorate, in applied linguistics from the University of Southern California. I taught as a university professor for several years here in California and in Arizona. I have written many articles and books on the teaching English.
ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved
ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved GLOSSARYcompany – the presence of another person; companionship; time spent with others* Thanks for coming along with me. I really enjoy having company on a long drive like this.reserved – not sharing one’s opinions, thoughts, or feelings easily; quiet and calm* No, I don’t think Hannah was bored. She’s just reserved and doesn’t talk very much.soft-spoken – speaking in a very quiet, unassertive voice* Adam wants to be a professional public speaker, but he is too soft-spoken to maintain the audience members’ interest.shy – timid; not wanting to interact with other people, and uncomfortable doing so; introverted* Sidney is so shy that she didn’t even say ‘hi’ to any of her classmates during her first week of school.to talk (one’s) ear off – to talk excessively; to speak so much that other people do not have an opportunity to speak and cannot end the conversation* It’s good to be talkative and friendly during an interview, but be careful not to talk the interviewer’s ear off!to get a word in edgewise – to be able to speak when another person is doing almost all the talking; to insert one’s opinions or words when someone else is speaking constantly* Kevin had so much to say about his vacation that none of us could get a word in edgewise.anecdote – a funny or humorous story about something that really happened* Nancy was surprised and amused when her boyfriend’s mother started sharing anecdotes about his childhood years.long-winded – speaking for a long time, using many words, in a tiresome and uninteresting way* The speech was on an interesting topic, but the speaker was too long-winded, so many people left the room before she had finished.ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reservedto make conversation – to find something to talk about; to engage another person in a conversation* I dread parties where I don’t know the other people, because it is so hard to make conversation with strangers.close-mouthed – not speaking, or unwilling to speak about something* Becca is so close-mouthed about her personal life. She never tells us anything about what she does outside of work.guarded – careful and cautious, not wanting to expose, show, or share something* The management team is very guarded when it comes to sharing financial information with potential partners.like pulling teeth – very difficult to do; very challenging and tiring* Sometimes getting a politician to openly answer difficult questions is like pulling teeth.reticent – reluctant and hesitant to do something, usually to speak; not eager or enthusiastic to speak or to have a conversation* Why was Justin so reticent about his childhood growing up in France?loudmouth – very loud and obnoxious; speaking too loudly and/or too frequently * That loudmouth was so annoying! Everyone in the restaurant could hear his conversation.harsh – mean or cruel, especially because it is too direct or straightforward* This sounds harsh, but that was the worst movie I have ever seen.blathering – using a lot of words, but not really saying anything meaningful or significant* Is he still blathering about the final episode of that TV series? He has to find a new interest.gossipy – frequently enjoying the act of spreading rumors, or stating things about other people that may not be true* Shelby is so gossipy, always sharing bad news about other people when they aren’t in the room.ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1. Who speaks the most?a) Someone who is reticentb) Someone who is close-mouthedc) Someone who is blathering2. What does Artem mean when he says, “Ooh, that’s a little harsh”?a) Marcia is very funny.b) Marcia is insightful.c) Marcia is being mean.______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?companyThe word “company,” in this podcast, means the presence of another person, or time spent with others: “If you enjoy her company so much, ask her out on a date!” The phrase “two’s company, three’s a crowd” means that two people would rather be with each other, without anyone else, especially if those people are involved in a romantic relationship: “It’s nice of you to invite me to go out with you and Jake, but two’s a company and three’s a crowd.” The phrase “to be in good company” is used to reassure someone that other people have done the same thing: “Don’t worry about what you said. Famous politicians and celebrities have said much more embarrassing things during interviews, so you’re in good company.” Finally, the word “company” also refers to a business: “Which companies have you applied to?”guardedIn this podcast, the word “guarded” means careful and cautious, not wanting to expose, show, or share something: “The nurses are trained to be very guarded about the patients’ health when speaking with their family members.” A “guard” is someone whose job is to protect a person or place: “The guards are asking everyone to show a piece of government-issued identification before entering the building.” A “guard dog” is a dog that is trained to bark at and/or bite unknown people to prevent them from entering the building: “All the neighbors are frightened by the Harrisons’ guard dog.” Finally, a “color guard” is a person who carries a flag representing an organization in a parade or ceremony: “Each high school marching band follows the school’s color guard.”ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved CULTURE NOTEChatty CathyBetween 1959 and 1965, a well-known toy company called Mattel produced the Chatty Cathy dolls, which became almost as popular as “Barbie dolls” (slender, beautiful dolls; see English Café 140). The doll had a “pull-string” (a small string with a hook or circle on one end, and the other end inside a toy) that, when pulled, caused the doll to “talk.” She “randomly” (unpredictably; not knowing which one would come next) “spoke” phrases, which included, “I love you,” “Let’s play school,” “Please take me with you,” “Tell me a story,” and “May I have a cookie?”The doll was originally a “Caucasian” (with white skin) doll with blue eyes and blonde hair. Later the company introduced Chatty Cathy dolls with darker hair, as well as an African American doll. Children could dress her in “outfits” (sets of clothing) that were sold separately.7The doll was very popular and soon many other toys with “outfitted” (equipped) with similar pull-string devices so that they could “talk.” As Chatty Cathy’s success grew, Mattel introduced other dolls in the “line” (a group of related products), such as Chatty Baby, Tiny Chatty Brother, “Charmin’” (very appealing) Chatty, and Singin’ Chatty.Although the dolls are no longer being produced today, we sometimes hear people refer to a woman as a “chatty Cathy.” This is to indicate that she talks too much, but of course this is not a polite phrase.______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – cESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 1,169 – Being Talkative and Reserved.This is English as a Second Language Podcast number 1,169. I’m your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development in beautifulLos Angeles, California.Visit our website. (Okay, I’ll stop.) Visit our website at . Become a member of ESL Podcast and get the Learning Guide for this episode. You can also take a look at our ESL Podcast Store and our ESL Podcast Blog. You can also like us on Facebook – why not? Go to /eslpod.This episode is about someone who talk too much, and someone who doesn’t talk enough. Let’s get started.[start of dialogue]Marcia: Phew! I thought they’d never leave.Artem: I enjoyed their company, didn’t you?Marcia: Jessie is fine, a little reserved and soft-spoken, and on the shy side. Kelly, on the other hand, talked our ear off. No one could get a word in edgewise with her.Artem: I thought Kelly’s anecdotes were funny. She was a little long-winded, I’ll admit, but I enjoyed talking to her more than trying to make conversation with Jessie. She is so closemouthed and guarded that it was like pulling teeth.Marcia: I’d rather talk to someone who is a little reticent than a loudmouth.Artem: Ooh, that’s a little harsh.Marcia: Maybe you’re right, but I don’t like the blathering, gossipy type.Artem: I wonder . . .Marcia: What?ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and ReservedArtem: I wonder what they’re saying about us.[end of dialogue]Marcia begins by saying, “Phew! I thought they’d never leave,” meaning they stayed a very long time. Marcia is referring to two guests that they had over, two women from work, I think. Artem says, “I enjoyed their company, didn’t you?” “Company” (company) here means something different than you may expect. “Company” means the time that you spend with other people. That’s what it means here – the presence of another person.If someone says, “I’m very bad company,” he means I’m not a good person to be with; I’m not a good person to spend time with. It’s a very different meaning than the one you may be thinking of normally, which would refer to a business. But here, “company” means the presence of another person. Marcia says, “Jessie is fine, a little reserved and soft-spoken, and on the shy side.” So, there were two women who were visiting them. One of them is Jessie.Marcia thinks Jessie is “fine,” meaning okay. She describes her as being “a little reserved” (reserved). “To be reserved” means to be quiet, not to talk a lot, but also not to share your opinions – not to tell other people what you are thinking or feeling. Jessie is also described as being “soft (soft) – spoken (spoken).” A person who is “soft-spoken” doesn’t speak very loudly. Sometimes it’s hard to hear what they’re saying. I have never been called “soft-spoken.” I wonder why. Jessie is soft-spoken and “on the shy (shy) side.” “To be shy” means to be perhaps uncomfortable being around other people or talking to other people. We might use the adjective “timid” (timid) to describe a person who is shy. “On the shy side” (side) means that she’s a little bit shy, maybe not all that much. Marcia describes the other woman, Kelly, as being someone who “talked our ear off.” She says, “Kelly, on the other hand” – meaning in comparison to, or in addition to – “talked our ear off.” “To talk someone’s ear off” means to talk a lot, to talk too much. “No one could get a word in edgewise with her,” Marcia says. “To get a word in edgewise” (edgewise) means that you are almost unable to talk because the other person is talking so much. “To get a word in edgewise” would mean to give your opinion, or simply to say something, to someone who is talking so much, it’s very difficult to get a chance to talk.Artem, however, says that he thinks Kelly’s anecdotes were funny. An “anecdote” (anecdote) is a funny, or humorous, story about something that really happened.ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and ReservedIt’s not the same as a joke. A “joke” is often something that is imaginary, that never took place. An anecdote is a story that is funny but that did take place. Artem describes Kelly as being “a little long-winded.” A person who is a “long (long) – winded (winded)” is a person who talks too much, who talks too long, so long that you begin to get a little bored by the person.Artem says, “I enjoyed talking to her,” meaning Kelly, “more than trying to make conversation with Jessie” (the other woman). “To make conversation” with someone is to try to talk to a person. Americans, in some parts of the country, often make conversation with strangers – people whom they’ve never met before.That doesn’t happen very often in Los Angeles or New York. In fact, if you try to make conversation with someone – say, at a grocery store or waiting for a bus – the person might think you’re a little weird, might even try to get away from you because that’s not what people do in big cities in the U.S., but in smaller towns and in certain areas in the United States, it’s very common for people “to make conversation,” even with people they don’t know very well.Artem had difficulty making conversation with Jessie. That’s because, in Artem’s words, “she is so closemouthed and guarded that it” – making conversation – “was like pulling teeth.” “To be closemouthed” means to not be willing to speak. It’s similar to being shy. But it refers specifically to someone who doesn’t like talking.“To be guarded” (guarded) means that you are careful and cautious, usually because you don’t want to tell someone something you don’t want them to know, a secret. Someone who is very guarded is someone who doesn’t tell you what he’s thinking, perhaps because he doesn’t want to tell you something that he thinks is a secret or wants to keep a secret. That’s why Artem found talking to Jessie “like pulling teeth.” This is a common expression, “like pulling (pulling) teeth.”Something that is “like pulling teeth” is something that is very difficult to do, something that is very challenging, often because the other person doesn’t cooperate. The other person you’re trying to do this with doesn’t do what you want them to do, especially when it comes to talking. “Getting an answer from our lawyer that we could actually understand was like pulling teeth.” Our lawyer was always using these long words, these legal terms we didn’t understand. Or, “Trying to get my brother to answer a question is like pulling teeth.” It’s very difficult.ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and Reserved Marcia says, “I’d rather talk to someone who is a little reticent than a loudmouth.” “To be reticent” (reticent) means to be unwilling to share your opinion, to be unwilling to talk about a certain topic – perhaps because you don’t want to, perhaps because you don’t think the other person needs to know.A “loudmouth” (loudmouth) – one word – is, as you might guess, a person who always talks very loudly and often too much, someone who perhaps tries to impress other people by bragging, by saying how good he is. A loudmouth is, in general, a person who we consider somewhat “obnoxious” – that is, not a very likeable person. Marcia prefers to talk to someone who is a little reticent than someone who’s a loudmouth.Artem says, “Ooh, that’s a little harsh.” “To be harsh” (harsh) means to be a little mean, a little cruel, too unkind. Marcia says, “Maybe you’re right, but I don’t like the blathering, gossipy type.” “To blather” (blather) means to use a lot of words but not really to say anything. Someone who “blathers” is someone who maybe doesn’t know what they want to say but keeps talking anyway, or isn’t very intelligent and therefore simply talks without really thinking about it before he opens his mouth. So, “blathering” would be a person who is like that, who blathers.“Gossipy” (gossipy) refers to someone who enjoys talking about other people and mentioning things that may or may not be true. “Gossip” is something that people talk about, often things that are bad about the other person that may be true or may not be true. Many magazines and newspapers publish gossip – things that may be true, but they may not, too. Another word for these things is “rumors” (rumors) – information that people tell other people even though they aren’t sure that the information is correct.Marcia doesn’t like the “blathering, gossipy type,” meaning that kind of person. Artem says, “I wonder . . .” Marcia says, “What?” “I wonder what they’re saying about us.” Artem is wondering what their friends Jessie and Kelly might be saying about Artem and Marcia. The answer is probably nothing. People often think that other people are more interested in their lives than they really are, and we’re guessing their friends from work aren’t really all that interested in Marcia, Artem, and their particular relationship.Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.[start of dialogue]Marcia: Phew! I thought they’d never leave.ESL Podcast 1169 – Being Talkative and ReservedArtem: I enjoyed their company, didn’t you?Marcia: Jessie is fine, a little reserved and soft-spoken, and on the shy side. Kelly, on the other hand, talked our ear off. No one could get a word in edgewise with her.Artem: I thought Kelly’s anecdotes were funny. She was a little long-winded, I’ll admit, but I enjoyed talking to her more than trying to make conversation with Jessie. She is so closemouthed and guarded that it was like pulling teeth. Marcia: I’d rather talk to someone who is a little reticent than a loudmouth.Artem: Ooh, that’s a little harsh.Marcia: Maybe you’re right, but I don’t like the blathering, gossipy type.Artem: I wonder . . .Marcia: What?Artem: I wonder what they’re saying about us.[end of dialogue]There’s nothing blathering about our scriptwriter, Dr. Lucy Tse. She always knows what she’s saying and how to say it.From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan. I’ll stop talking your ear off now. Thanks for listening, though. Come back and listen to us again right here on ESL Podcast.English as a Second Language Podcast was written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse, hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan. Copyright 2015 by the Center for Educational Development.。
bbc常用词汇
BBC常用词汇政治类1.agrarianparty农民党，农业党2.A VF: Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's front)（南非）阿非利加人民阵线3.Awami League（孟加拉）人民联盟4.AWB:Afrikaner resistance movement阿非利加抵抗运动5.Baath Party阿拉伯复兴社会党6.Christian Democratic Party基督教民主党7.Christian Democratic Union基督教民主联盟8.circle（具有共同利益与兴趣所形成的）集团，圈子munist Party共产党10.Conservative Party保守党11.Democratic Party民主党12.DPP Democratic Progressive Party（台）民进党13.faction派，系14.Fatah（巴勒斯坦的）法塔赫15.Freedom Alliance自由联盟16.Freedom Front自由阵线17.Green Party绿党18.HAMAS哈马斯（伊斯兰抵抗组织）19.Indian National Congress印度国民大会党20.Inkatha Freedom Party (Zulu based)（以祖鲁族为主的）英卡塔自由党21.IRAIrish RepublicanArmy爱尔兰共和军22.Justice Party正义党23.KDP Kurdistan Democratic Party（伊拉克）库尔德民主党24.KMT Kuomintang（中国）国民党25.Komeito（日）公明党borParty劳动党，工党27.LDP: Liberal Democratic Party（日）自由民主党28.Liberal Party自由党29.Liqud Group（或 Coalition）（以）利库德集团30.Moro National Liberation Front（菲律宾）莫罗全国解放阵线31.National Party（南非）国民党32.Nazi德国国社党党员（纳粹分子）33.NLD: National League for Democracy（缅甸）全国民主联盟34.opposition反对派，反对党35.PanAfricanist Congress泛非洲人大会36.Patriotic front爱国阵线37.People's Party人民党38.PKK: Kurdish Workers Party（土）库尔德工人党39.PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization巴勒斯坦解放组织40.PRI: Institutional Revolutionary Party（墨）革命制度党41.Progressive Party进步党42.PUK: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan（伊拉克）库尔德斯坦爱国联盟43.Radical Party激进党44.Renamo Mozambique National Resistance莫桑比克全国抵抗组织45.RepublicanParty共和党46.Resistance Movement抵抗运动47.RPF: Rwandan Patriotic Front卢旺达爱国阵线48.ruling party执政党49.salvation front救国阵线50.Sandinistas（尼加拉瓜）桑地诺解放阵线51.Shining Path（秘鲁）光辉道路游击队52.Sinn Fein（爱尔兰共和军的政治组织）新芬党53.Social Democratic Party社会民主党54.Socialist Party社会党55.Solidarity trade union（波）团结工会56.umbrella organization各种团体联合在一起的组织57.UNP: United National Party（斯）联合国民党58.Workers' Party工人党，劳工党59.Youth League青年团60.agrarianparty农民党，农业党61.National Party（南非）国民党62.Nazi德国国社党党员（纳粹分子）63.NLD: National League for Democracy（缅甸）全国民主联盟64.opposition反对派，反对党65.PanAfricanist Congress泛非洲人大会66.PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization巴勒斯坦解放组织67.PRI: Institutional Revolutionary Party（墨）革命制度党68.Progressive Party进步党69.PUK: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan（伊拉克）库尔德斯坦爱国联盟70.advocate提倡71.advocator提倡者72.aristocracy寡头政治，贵族统治73.aristocrat贵族中一员，贵族政治74.aristocratic贵族的（主张），贵族政治的，贵族式的75.aristocratism贵族（政治）主义，贵族作风76.authoritarian权力主义的，独裁主义的；独裁主义者77.authoritarianism权力主义，独裁主义78.autocrat独裁者，专制君主，独断独行的人79.bureaucratist官僚主义者80.capitalist资本主义者81.central left中左派82.central right中右派83.centrist中间派议员84.chauvinism沙文主义85.chauvinist沙文主义者86.chauvinistic沙文主义的87.coercionist高压统治者munist共产主义者，共产党员89.counterrevolutionary反革命的90.counterrevolutionist反革命分子91.critic批评家92.dissident持不同政见者93.dove鸽派成员，主和派成员94.dovish带点鸽派味道的95.element分子96.equalitarian平均主义者，平等主义者97.expansionist扩张主义者98.extremist极端分子99.factionalist搞派别活动者100.familism家庭主义101.familist家庭主义者102.fascism法西斯主义103.fascist法西斯主义者104.functionary工作人员，官员105.hardcore中坚分子106.hardliner强硬分子107.humanitarian人道主义者，慈善家108.hawk鹰派成员，主战派成员109.hawkish带点鹰派味道的110.idealist空想家，理想主义者111.impostor骗子，冒名顶替者112.internationalist国际主义者113.left wing左翼114.leftist左派分子115.liberalism自由主义116.liberalist自由主义者，开明的人117.lieutenant中尉，副职官员，代理官员118.lobbyist说客itarist军国主义分子120.moderatist温和派分子121.nationalist民族主义者122.neo-fascist新法西斯主义者123.neo-Nazi新纳粹分子124.neutralist中立主义者125.oppionist持特定见解的人126.opponent反对者127.optimist乐观主义者128.pacifist和平主义者129.patriot爱国者130.pessimist悲观主义者131.proponent支持者132.quisling卖国贼，内奸133.racism种族主义134.racist种族主义者135.radical激进分子136.realism现实主义137.realist现实主义者138.reformist改良主义者139.revolutionary革命的，革命者140.revolutionist革命者141.right wing右翼142.rightist右派分子143.rival竞争者，对手144.royalist保皇主义者，保皇党人145.sectarian宗派的，宗派主义者146.separatist主张分治（分裂）的人147.socialist社会主义者148.splinter group（party）分裂出来的组织（党）149.think tank智囊团150.triumvir三头政治中的执政者之一151.Utopian空想家152.white supremacist白种人优越论者153.apparatus机构154.Assembly议会155.autonomy自治156.Board委员会，部，厅，局157.Board ofTrade（英）商务部158.Bureau局159.Cabinet内阁160.caretaker Cabinet看守内阁161.caucus决策委员会，秘密会议162.coalition government联合政府mission委员会mittee委员会monwealth英联邦166.Congress国会167.Council委员会168.Department部，院169.Department of Defence国防部170.Department of State国务院171.Diet（丹麦、日本等）国会172.Duma（俄）下议院173.Exchequer（英）财政部174.Foreign Ministry外交部175.Houseof Representatives众议院176.interim government临时政府，过渡（性质的）政府177.Junta军人统治集团178.Knesset（以色列）国会179.Lower House(House of Commons)（英）下院180.Ministry部181.mission委员会182.National Security Council国家安全委员会183.ombudsman（专门调查官员舞弊情况的）政府官员，机构（或组织）内专门听取意见或批评的184.人185.Panel（研究某个问题的）专门小组186.parliament议会187.Politburo政治局，核心决策机构188.regime政权189.secretariat秘书处，书记处190.Senate参议院191.shadowcabinet影子内阁192.standing committee常设委员会193.State Council国务院194.steering committee（团体组织中的）筹划指导委员会195.subcommittee分委员会196.temporary (government)临时 (政府）197.tentative (cabinet)临时（内阁）mittee众议院筹款委员会199.appoint指定，委任200.appointee被指定者，被委任者201.appointment指定，委任202.assign委派，指定203.assignment委派，指定204.assume office就任，就职，就位205.chairman主席206.chancellor（德、奥等国的）总理missioner专员，特派员208.congressman国会议员209.deputy副210.designate指定，选派211.designation指定，选派212.expresident前任总统213.fire撤职214.foreign215.minister外交部部长ernor管理者，总督，州长217.hand over移交218.inaugural address就职演说219.inaugural ceremony就职典礼220.inaugural speech就职演说221.inaugurate为……举行就职典礼222.inauguration就职典礼223.incumbent现任的，在位的224.induct使正式就职225.induction就职226.install任命，使就职227.installation任命，使就职228.interior minister内政（务）部长229.lieutenant governor副州长230.majority leader多数党领袖231.minister部长232.minister of finance财政部长233.minister without portfolio不管部部长234.minority leader少数党领袖235.occupant任职者，占用者236.outgoing (president)即将离任的（总统）237.parliamentarian议会议员238.predecessor前任239.premier总理240.president总统241.president elect尚未就职的新当选总统242.prime minister首相243.puppet受他人操纵的人（或集团），傀儡244.purge清除，清洗245.purgee被清除者，被清洗者246.quit退职，离职247.reshuffle改组，撤换（官员）248.resign辞职249.resignation辞职250.sack解雇，开除251.secretary of agriculture农业部长252.secretary of commerce商业部长253.secretary of defence国防部长254.secretary o fstate国务卿255.secretary of the treasury财政部长256.senator参议员257.sitting在立法（或司法）机构中占席位的，在任期内的258.speaker议长259.swear宣誓，立誓，发誓260.swear in宣誓就职261.take office就任，就职262.take one's place就任，就职263.take over接管264.take the oath of office宣誓265.take up one's post就任，就职266.vicepresident副总统267.absence缺席，不在268.absent缺席，不在269.absentee不在者，缺席者270.absenteeballot缺席选举人票271.abstain弃权272.adjourn延期，休会273.agenda日程274.ballot无记名投票275.bill议案，法案276.blueribbon第一流的，特别选出的277.booth（选举时的）投票站278.boycott（联合）抵制279.by election补充选举280.candidate候选人281.census人口调查282.coopt指定为代表283.conference会议284.congress国会，代表大会285.consensus（意见等）一致，同意286.constituency全体选民287.constituentAssembly立宪会议，国民代表大会288.contest竞选289.convene召集290.convention大会291.disenfranchise(=disfranchise)剥夺公民选举权292.disenfranchisement剥夺公民选举权293.edge（选举中的）有利条件294.election选举295.electoral选举的，选举人的296.electorate全体选民，选区297.eligible有资格的298.exit election初步统计出来的选举299.exit poll初步统计出来的民意调查结果300.field全部候选人301.file(在预选中 )备案做候选人302.floor议员席，发言权303.forum论坛304.franchise公民权305.Gallop（美）盖洛普民意测验306.get the floor取得发言权307.gubernatorial州长的，地方长官的308.hearing（美）听证会309.hopeful有希望当选的人310.impeach检举，弹劾311.incompetence不胜任312.issue问题，争论的焦点313.kill否决（提案）nd slide victory压倒性胜利315.majority多数316.marginal票数接近的317.midterm election中期选举318.minority少数319.motion提案320.nay反对321.negative vote反对票322.nominate提名323.nomination提名324.nominee被提名者325.null and void无效326.overwhelming压倒的327.platform纲领328.plebiscite公民投票329.plenary session全体会议330.plurality得票多的331.poll投票选举332.preside主持333.presidential election总统选举334.presidium主席团335.proposal提案336.publicopinion poll民意测验（调查）337.publicopinion338.study民意调查339.publicopinion survey民意调查340.quorum法定人数341.race竞选342.rapporteur报告起草人343.recess休会344.referendum全民公决345.return选举结果346.rig用欺骗手段操纵选举347.rostrum演讲台，讲坛348.run竞选349.run for竞选350.run off决定性竞选351.seat席位；给……席位352.session会议，一届会议353.sponsor提案人354.straw poll测验民意的假投票355.suffrage投票，投票权，选举权，参政权356.suffragette鼓吹妇女参政的妇女357.suffragist参政权扩大论者（尤指主张妇女应有参政权者）358.symposium专题讨论会359.tenure任职期间360.unanimous一致同意的361.vacant（职位）空缺362.vote投票363.vote against投票反对364.vote for投票赞成365.voter选民366.workshop专题讨论会367.yea赞成368.anonym匿名者，假名369.anonymity匿名者，假名370.anonymous匿名的，无名的，不知名的371.awkward尴尬的372.bombshell（喻）出人意外的事件373.consolidate巩固374.corrupt腐败，贪污375.corruption腐败，贪污376.cronism裙带关系377.crony亲密的朋友，老朋友378.gavel小木槌；强行要求379.manifesto宣言，声明380.nepotic重用亲戚的381.nepotism重用亲戚，裙带关系382.nepotist重用亲戚的人383.obscurity无名的人384.paparazzi拍拍垃圾，追踪摄影队，盯人虫385.pluck sb. from obscurity越级提拔某人386.underfire（喻）受到猛烈的批评387.Economic and Social Council经济与社会理事会388.Disarmament Committee裁军委员会389.GeneralAssembly大会390.International Court of Justice国际法院itary Staff Committee军事参谋团392.Non permanent Member非常任理事国393.Permanent Member常任理事国394.Regional Commissions区域委员会395.Secretariat秘书处396.Secretary General联合国秘书长397.Security Council安全理事会398.Trusteeship Council托管理事会399.United Nations联合国400.aide助手401.ambassador大使402.ambassador at large无任所大使403.ambassadress女大使404.attache使馆馆员405.charge d'affaires临时代办mercial attache商务专员mercial counsellor商务参赞408.consul领事409.consular领事（馆）的410.consulate领事馆411.contingent（派遣的）代表团412.corps外交使团全体人员413.counsellor参赞414.culture attache文化专员415.culture counsellor文化参赞416.diplomat外交人员417.embassy大使馆418.entourage随行人员419.envoy使节420.Liaison Office联络处itary attache武官422.motorcade车队423.personagrata受欢迎的人424.personanon grata不受欢迎的人425.accord协议426.bluebook蓝皮书427.charter宪章428.credential国书，证书429.memorandum备忘录430.note照会431.protest抗议书432.protocol纪要，备忘录433.treaty条约434.ultimatum最后通牒435.white paper(book)白皮书436.acourtesy call礼节性访问437.aguard ofhonor仪仗队438.Airforce One（美国总统乘坐的）空军一号专机439.en route去……的途中440.fact finding441.visit进行实地调查的访问442.garland花环443.gesture外交上的姿态444.get acquainted visit了解情况的访问445.grant sb an audience接见某人446.have an audiencewith sb会见某人447.honorable guard仪仗队448.itinerary预定的访问行程449.red carpet隆重的450.sendoff送别451.afocal point焦点452.aviable proposal一项可靠的建议453.access市场准入454.acrimonious严厉的，辛辣的455.acrimony严厉，辛辣456.bow屈服457.budge微微的松动458.burning issue引起争论的紧要问题459.cede放弃460.concession让步461.concessive让步的462.containment policy遏制政策463.contentious引起争论的464.controversy争论，争议465.diplomatic immunity外交豁免权466.dovish有点鸽派味道的467.drop out中途退出468.exterritorial治外法权的469.exterritoriality治外法权的470.extraterritorial = exterritorial治外法权的471.extraterritoriality =exterritoriality治外法权472.fast track authority（美国总统）快速审批贸易条约权力473.give and take互让，平等交换意见474.heala breach消除分歧475.heala rift消除分歧476.hotpotato棘手的问题477.intractable难处理的478.knotty problem难解决的问题nd for peace（阿以之间）以土地换和平480.mediate调解，调停481.mediator调解人，调停人482.meticulous过细的483.momentum势头，契机484.moratorium暂停，延期偿付权485.much awaited盼望已久的486.multipolar world多极世界487.neutrality中立地位488.oil for food（伊拉克）以石油换食品489.parity均势490.pay a visit访问491.phenomenal非凡的492.political arena政治舞台493.power politics强权政治494.proviso附文，附带条件495.puzzle难题496.quest追求 quota（贸易或移民等方面的）限额497.reiterate重申498.retract取消（声明、谎言、意见等）499.room of manoeuvre回旋的余地500.round（会议、谈判等）回合。
ESL Podcast 原文
Lesson 1How to Bargain in the U.S.A. 跟卖家讨价还价1. downtown2. deals3. the best deal4. making a sale5. seems a little high6. your best offer7. shop around8. What if9. $50 for both 10. split the differenceIt was Saturday afternoon and I was shopping in the garment district in downtown L.A. If you want to find good deals on clothes, shoes, and accessories, this is the place to come. To get the best deal, though, you have to be ready to bargain.I walked by a stall and saw a purse I liked. The owner had just finished making a sale.Lucy: Does this come in any other colors?Man: Yeah, we have this one in white and blue. I also have this other style in green.Lucy: How much is the blue one?Man: It's $32.Lucy: $32? What about the green one?Man: That's $30.Lucy: That seems a little high. Can you do better on the price?Man: This is a designer bag and it's good quality. It's a bargain at that price.Lucy: Is that your best offer?Man: That's the best I can do.Lucy: Well, I don't know. I think I'll shop around.Man: Okay, how about $28.Lucy: That's still more than I wanted to spend. What if I take the blue one and the green one?Man: I'll give you both of them for $55.Lucy: That's not much of a break on the price. How about $50 for both?Man: You drive a hard bargain. The best I can do is $54. You won't find it cheaper anywhere else. Lucy: Why don't we split the difference and make it $52?Man: Okay, okay. You've got a deal.accessories 装饰品make a sale 做一笔交易Lesson 2Negotiating Price1. get our bid2. come to terms on the price3. do better on4. trim a little off5. discount that by 10 percent6. an attractive offer7. driving a hard bargain8. labor costs9. make any promises 10. a revised bidNegotiating PriceJustin: Hello. 贾斯汀：您好。
泛听篇：ESLPod入门操作指南
泛听篇：ESLPod入门操作指南展开全文【ESLPod简要介绍】今天这篇文章讲讲泛听，我选择的泛听材料是风靡全球的ESLPod。
ESLPod简单地说就是一个Podcast，那什么是Podcast（播客）呢？Podcast类似于电台，但和BBC、VOA等不同的是，Podcast一般由个人制作，而非官方，而且播讲内容也比较轻松愉快有趣，不像新闻那么严肃正式。
ESLPod (English as a Second Language Podcast)是一款针对初级和进阶英语学习者使用的播客材料，两位播讲主持人分别是Dr. Jeff McQuillan和Dr. Lucy Tse。
ESLPod分为Daily English和English Cafe，前者主要针对地道表达和习语（针对听力和口语的提高），后者主要针对英语国家文化。
下面说到的ESLPod，默认指的是Daily English。
ESLPod的内容比较丰富，包含了生活的方方面面的实用英语表达，如旅行、工作、娱乐、饮食等等。
ESLPod的模式很简单。
每集大概有20分钟，首先是一段慢速短文；然后Jeff对短文中所用到的表达进行讲解，讲解时所用到的词汇都是十分简单易懂的；最后，Jeff博士再把这段短文用常速说一遍。
【ESPod学习原理】关于学习原理，Dr. Jeff在ESLPod专门拿出第0集来讲解学习和提升英语的原理，我个人强烈建议初学者听一下第0期。
这个材料的核心理念是“T o pick up, or to acquire a language, to really know the language, you have to understand the language”，也就是说，只有听和读那些你能够理解大部分（大概是85%或90%）的材料，你才能吸收，你才能提高你的英语。
因此，ESLPod的播讲语速非常慢，目的就是为了能让收听的人听懂大部分。
利用你懂得大部分知识来吸收不懂的少部分知识。
ESL Podcast
ESL Podcast2014-03-02 ESL Podcast 978 – Getting Access to Restricted AreasSecurity officer: Excuse me, sir, but this is a restricted area. Only authorized personnel are permitted.Carl: I just want to take a quick look. Is this really where the president will be speaking? Security officer: I can neither confirm nor deny that, sir. Please step aside.Carl: What if I have press credentials? Could I get in then?Security officer: Only if you’ve been screened by security. Really, sir, I must ask you to leave this area. It’s off-limits to you.Carl: Couldn’t I just hang around and watch while people arrive? I won’t say a word.Security officer: No, and if you persist, I’ll have to have you shown out.Carl: I’m not causing any trouble. I’m an American citizen and this is a free country! I can stand wherever I want to.Security officer: Not on private property. Jim, could you please escort this gentleman off the premises?Carl: Hey, this is a travesty! I’m going to file a formal protest!Security officer: You do that. Just do it off the premises.Script by Dr. Lucy TseESL Podcast 977 – Parts of the BodySonia: What in the world is that?!Nadir: It’s a life-size figure of George Washington. It’s for Leon’s school project.Sonia: Then why are you making it?Nadir: I’m not. I’m just helping him.Sonia: Uh-huh. Why does George Washington have really big hands and flat palms?Nadir: He cut down the family’s cherry tree. Remember? He probably needed big hands to do that.Sonia: And why does he have little tiny feet with six toes on each foot and no ankles?Nadir: I made a little mistake with those, but they’ll be covered up with shoes, so no one will see them.Sonia: And why is George’s head shaped like an egg? His ears are lopsided and his earlob es are disproportionate to his other facial features.Nadir: That’s why I made the forehead and chin bigger, so no one will notice those ears. We’ll probably put a hat on him anyway.Sonia: But his legs look really thin on top and thick on the bottom, with kneecaps that stick out. Nadir: I’ll put pants on him, so no one will see those either.Sonia: So it won’t matter if he’s not anatomically correct, right?Nadir: Right.Sonia: Good thing this isn’t for science class!Script by Dr. Lucy Tse。
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have allergies (to something)：对某些东西过敏。
you're up for: be ready for 为甚么做好准备。
to play ball:to play sports 喜欢运动，参加群体运动。
chore：指的是一种任务，你必须做的事情，通常是指家务。
in business：准备好了。
一切就绪——we're in business。
Push comes to shove, your family are the only ones you got：当你处于艰难的处境时，你能依靠的人或者事物只有（在此处）你的家人。
Criteria：（criterion的复数）指的是评价某物的一个准则或条件。
例如：“The criteria forthis job are that you are able to speak English and have a college degree.” If you don't meet those criteria then you cannot get the job.Standard：会跟政府的一些机构或者官方组织有关，例如学校有关。
The school has certain standards for its students, and it's a list of things that each student must know before they get their high school diploma. Other government organizations - also have these rules that everyone is supposed to follow. 每所学校每个州都设有一定的标准/规范，而政府组织——一些其它的政府组织也设有大家都要遵守的标准。
criteria更倾向于表示跟具体的东西，并且通常跟判断和评估什么东西有关。
call it quits：终止/停止在做的事情。
例如：I work until five o'clock in the afternoon, then I call it quits.There you go: ①that's right或者that's a good idea ②给某人什么东西。
There you are：通常用在你找到某人的时候。
Here we go: 我们走吧/终于可以了。
estimate：指的是估计/预计——去猜猜什么东西，通常是数字或者什么东西的数量。
determine: 意思你想确认你弄清楚你对某件事情的了解是真实的。
I need to determine 指的是我需要找到/弄清楚。
I have determined, after doing some investigation——我做了一些调查，搞清楚了/可以下结论了。
bump：一条路或者一条街上的一个隆起的小块。
也许是一块石头也许是个比街道要高的土堆。
a bump in the road，来表示什么东西使你慢了下来—使你的进度缓慢了下来。
dip: 指的是道路上的小坑。
也就是道路上凹下去的地方。
mudslinging: 被使用来表示恶意中伤。
通常是指为了损害别人的名声而说人家的坏话或者侮辱别人的话——而人们通常指看重一个人的名声。
这个词语通常在政治活动中使用。
shade：shade（阴暗处）指的是太阳光被挡住之后某物下面或者附近的地方出现的阴暗处。
指的是大到可以让一个人站在里面或者可以遮住部分身体的一块阴暗的地方。
We would say you are standing in the shade. in the shade的反义词组是in the sun——当阳的。
shadow: 表示‘阴暗’（通常是因为某人挡住了太阳光或者别的地方的光线时）。
这时候不一定能称之为‘shade’。
我们通常会说一个人的影子，但是也可以是指一棵树或者一栋建筑物的阴影。
但是如果你只是站在太阳下，你就只会有自己的影子，可能不会大到为别人遮荫。
这就是shade和shadow之间的区别。
cast a shadow——投下影子。
assure：确信。
如果你对什么很肯定，也就是你确信什么事情是真实的，你想在告诉别人时，他们会毫不质疑地相信你。
这是动词assure（担保）的用法。
ensure：指的是要‘确保’某事的发生，也就是你会去做某事并确保你能得到某种结果。
assure只是指自信地告诉别人你知道的事实。
而ensure指的是确保某事会真的发生。
insure：跟保险有关。
You give the company 500 dollars a year to insure your car, so if you get into an accident and you have this insurance, the insurance company will give you moneyfor your car to fix it.scientology:there are many famous actors and actresses and singers who has become members of this organization.self-help philosophy:“自我修行”的哲学思想——独自做能够让你进行自我提高的事情，你没有依赖别人来帮助自己。
psychiatry: is a medical science of behavior. 例如，Psychiatrists会给你开药让你开心。
brainwash: 洗脑。
如：The organization brainwashes people.shuttle: a small bus that takes you short distances-from one part of the airport to another, for example. 专线公交/机场来回公交车。
entry: 词条。
establishment figures:is a group of people in a society that have power and authority-people who have power over rules or even those who have influence over what people consider good and bad. 权威人士，他们可能是政要人物，或者是娱乐人物，也可以是宗教人物。
通常是贬义的。
to not have a clue: to not understand at all, to have no idea. 完全不明白，一点概念也没有。
通常也是贬义的。
Pardon my French: it’s a phrase that we use either before or after saying a bad word, what we would call profanity(亵渎的言行，咒骂)。
请原谅我的粗话。
right on: is to mean I agree completely or that’s exactly right. 我完全同意或者完全正确。
pretexting:找托词。
pretext: n,借口，通常不是真实的理由。
v，to get information about someone else by lying. 即通过说假话，来得到某人的信息，假借……的名目而……。
stay the course:坚持到底。
继续正在干的事情。
mock news show:新闻模仿节目。
loudmouth: you talk too much and you say things that hurt or offend other people.cable television:有线电视。
cable channel:有线电视的某个频道。
If that’s anything to go by: if this is true, then something else. 假如XXX真的说明了什么的话，那么YYY就会发生。
如：if these clouds in the sky are anything to go by, I would say that it is going to rain today. 假如这些乌云意为着什么的话，我得说那就是今天会下雨。
color:比较常用的指颜色。
hue:有时候会用来表示颜色，但一般是用来表示某种具体的颜色，即色泽。
The die is cast: you couldn’t change things, it was too late. 事情已经没有改变的可能，太晚了。
die: the singular of dice. 骰子的单数形式。
cast 是throw的另外一种表达。
英语中：cross the Rubicon跟这个意思类似：破釜沉舟，孤注一掷。
也有the point of no return.get your goat: to make you mad.Cashmere goats produce cashmere:克什米尔羊产克什米尔细毛Angora goats produce mohair:安哥拉山羊产马海毛make a wish on the star:向星星许愿。
four leaf clover:四叶草。
podcast:播客主持人。
leukemia:白血病。
honorary: 名誉上的。
ecotourism: 生态旅游。
cruise ship:观光船。
nuts and bolts:指的是具体事情的具体细节，或者是最基本的组成部分。
Good luck getting anyone to buy that idea anymore:你想让人相信你会很难。
I am not buying that excuse:我不相信这个借口。
hook, line, and sinker:完完全全地。
We believed Jim’s story hook, line, and sinker. 我们完完全全相信了Jim的故事。
In the U.S., the census happens every ten years.a national census:一次全国性的人口普查。
fill outa census form: 填写一张人口普查表。