使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题

使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题

1、问: "Can''''t you read?" Mary said to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

答案是A。碰到这一类型的题,不知道从哪个角度考虑,请解释一下好吗?

答:这道考查了现在分词作伴随状语的用法。分词的此种用法,一般可用and连接的并列谓语动词来互换。因此C项缺少连接并列谓语动词的and;B、D属于动词时态的错误。要将动词变成过去式,才能构成谓语。如:

She stood there waiting for the bus.= She stood there and waited for the bus.

They sat in the garden talking about the days they spent together. = They sat in the garden and talked about the days they spent t ogether.

注意:①如果分词作状语表方式时,通常不能改为and连接的并列谓语动词,但可用by+动名词来改写。如:

They eat using the fingers of their right hands. (分词using短语表方式)

= They eat by using the fingers of their right hands.

②现在分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别:

The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. (NMET94)

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

答案是B。如果将逗号改为and,则选C,即并列谓语动词;如果没有逗号,则A、B都对,A项不定式作目的状语,B项作伴随状语。又如:

He sent me an E-mail, to get further information. (2000上海)

A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. hope

答案是B。可改写为He sent me an E-mail and hoped to get further information. 或可改写为目的状语

He sent me an E-mail to get further information.

③分词表示的动作一般和谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生的。如果分词的动作先发生,则要用分词的完成式。如: Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.

Having been there more than once, the old professor did not show us around the lab.

如果两个动作之间,发生在前的一个用谓语动词来表示了,那么发生在后的动作就不能用分词, 而只能采用并列的谓语动

词来表示。如:

She set out soon after dark home an hour later.(NMET94)

A. arriving

B. to arrive

C. having arrived

D. and arrived

答案是D。

2、问: your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checked

B. Check

C. If you check

D. To check

答案是C。为什么不能选A,请解释一下好吗?

答:这里涉及了现在分词的逻辑主语问题。一般来说,句子的主语应是分词的逻辑主语,不然,就会出现不一致的情况。如: ①误: Looking out of the window, several children were playing about in the garden.

正: Looking out of the window, I found several children playing about in the garden.

正: When I looked out of the window, several children were playing about in the garden.

②误: Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.

正: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

正: When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes.

所以,该题如果要选A,应将题改为:

Having checked your composition carefully, you can avoid some spelling mistakes.

不过,英语中也有一些分词,其逻辑主语不是句子的主语,它们已变成固定词组,表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度。如: Strickly speaking, his answer is wrong.

Judging from / by his accent, he is from America.

Supposing (=Suppose) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do ?

Considering the absence of the chairman, we decided to delay the meeting.

Talking of Jim, have you heard that he''''s getting married?