任务型教学设计

TASKS
? A task is an activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing or understanding language ( i.e.as a response).
(Richards, Platt and Weber 1986:289)
David Nunan (1989)
交际型任务是一种涉及 到学习者理解，运用所 学语言进行交流的课堂 活动。学生的注意力主 要集中在语言的意义上， 而不是语言的形式。
? listening to a weather forecast and deciding what to wear
? exchanging name cards
教师讲授 学生阅读 视听并用 教师演示 学生讨论 学生实践 学生教别人
5％ 10％ 20％ 30％ 50％ 70％ 95％
教学方式 教师讲授 学生阅读 视听并用 教师演示 学生讨论 学生实践 学生教别人
采用率 95％ 80％ 70％ 65％ 45％ 20％ 5％
现代教学 目标观
传 授 知 识
转变课程的功能
What are not tasks?
1不让学习者只是鹦鹉学舌 2不是为了显示语言的技能 3不是墨守成规与人雷同的 4不是为了做机械性的操练 5不是为了学习某些句型结构硬把语言安排到材料之中 How do you usually go to school every day?
I usually go to school by subway. What would you like toቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱbuy?
I want to buy a camera.
What about this one?
It' s nice. I' ll take it.
共识：“目标”是课堂教学的“灵魂”
Teachers have to consider following questions
when making their teaching plans :
根据任务型教学的思想，我们在生活当中所做的 一切事情实际上就是完成一个又一个的任务。把社 会生活中所做的事情细分为若干非常具体的“任务 ”，并把培养学生具备完成这些任务的能力作为教 学目标。
What are tasks?
意义的表达是第一位的（ meaning is primary ） 需要解决交际中的问题 (there is some communication problem to solve) 与实际生活的活动相似 (there is some sort of relationship to comparable real-world activities) 最受关注的是完成任务 (task completion has some priority) 任务的评价取决于结果 (the assessment of the task is in terms of outcome)
学生最喜欢的课堂教学方式
60
50.8 有较多的动手操作或亲身实践
50
40
引发较多的讨论交流
30.5
30
20
老师讲授为主
10
12
自学
5.4
大量的书面练习
0.8
0.6 其他
0
86.7%的学生表示喜欢有较多的动手操作或亲身实践、
讨论交流或自学等课堂教学方式， 12%的学生喜欢以老师讲
授为主的方式。
教学方式 记住率
任务： 人们在学习、理解、 体会语言之后所开展 的活动。
What learners do when they understand:
? draw a map while listening to a tape
? look at a set of pictures and decide what should be done
? decide which to buy
?know which way is the best to solve the problem
? The communicative task is a piece of classroom work
which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is focused on mobilizing their grammatical knowledge in order to convey meaning rather than to manipulate form.
知识与 技能
情感 态度 价值观
新 课 程
过程与 方法
什么是任务？
A task is a piece of work undertaken for oneself or for others, freely or for some reward. ? It is meant what people do in everyday life, at work, at play, and in between.
? responding to a party invitation
? describing a photograph of one's family
所谓任务型语言教学 ，其核心思想就是要模拟人 们在社会、学校生活中人们运用语言所从事的各类 活动，把语言教学与学习者在今后的日常生活中的 语言应用结合起来。
(Long 1985:89 )
任务是人们在日常生活中所从事的 有目的的活动。
What people do in everyday life:
? buying a pair of shoes ? borrowing a library book ? asking for advice ? talking with friends about a soccer team ? doing housework ? finding a street destination