高考英语句子匹配的六种类型

高考英语句子匹配的六种类型

作者：谢奎金

来源：《中学课程辅导高考版·学生版》2009年第05期

近年高考各地英语试题均出现一类要求考生匹配前后句子的试题。这类试题最大特点是给出首句或尾句，要求考生补全句子，补全后的句子意义完整、形式照应、逻辑清楚、句法正确、衔接自然。句式匹配是综合考查考生语言应用能力、分析问题和解决问题能力的具体体现。这类试题共呈现出以下六种类型：

一、句式型匹配

涉及特定句式的认知和匹配，如祈使句、条件句、倒装句等。这类试题侧重考查考生对句型的理解和把握能力，要求补全的句子在在形式上保持照应，符合特定的句型特征。

【例1】______and I’ll get the work finished. (2006NMET重庆卷)

A. Have one more hour

B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour

D. If I have one more hour

答案与解析：B。此题考查祈使句的识别与匹配。祈使句常见句型—动词原形或名词词组+and\or（或破折号）+谓语用将来时或情态动词的陈述句。若将题干中and 删除，选项C和D 也可入选。祈使句的主语通常为you且省略，故答案A与后半句相矛盾，若将have改为give 则A选项亦对。

【例2】—We have so much work to do. _____he doesn’t come?

—Don’t worry. With Mrs. Green to help us, we can do without him.

A. How about

B. Why not

C. What if

D. How come

答案与解析：C。考查句式匹配，what if…后续从句，谓语动词使用一般现在时表将来，译作“万一……怎么办或……怎么样”，表假设或征询对方的意见。句意：我们有很多工作要做，万一他不来怎么办；若将题干中doesn’t改为hasn’t，答案则选D项，how come(that)后续从句，表示对已发生事件的迷惑，译作“怎么会”。句意：我们有很多工作要做，他怎么会到现

在还不来呢?这里对这类句型加以总结：How come that…?/Why not do…?/What if…?/How about if…?/How do you like…?\Who do you suggest…?/What do you think of…?

二、谚语型匹配

固定俗语在特定场合下的运用，不仅可以润色语句，还发人深思，启迪智慧。这类试题不仅考查考生对语言背景的理解，还综合考查考生分析问题和解决问题的能力。

【例3】—It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.

—Well, you know what they say._____. (2006NMET江苏卷)

A. There is no smoke without fire

B. Practice makes perfect

C. All roads lead to Rome

D. No pains, no gains.

答案与解析：D。此题考查句意理解和谚语的匹配。解题关键是弄清题意，明白谚语自身的意义和使用场合。A选项：无火不生烟；B选项：熟能生巧；C选项：条条大路通罗马；D 选项：不劳无获。故只有D选项符合题意。又如：

You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and tomorrow is another day. (2007 NMET江苏卷)

三、句法型匹配

要求考生根据句法知识，如并列关系、主从关系来匹配句子，补全后的句子符合句法知识。此类试题主要涉及并列句和主从复合句的认知与匹配。解题时要充分考虑标点符号以及连词的暗示作用，它们暗示不同的句子结构，代表不同的句子关系。

【例4】Faced with a bill for＄10,000, ______. (陕西2006NMET)

A. John has taken an extra job

B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken

D. an extra job has been given to John

答案与解析：A。此题考查句式匹配。非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与后一分句的主语保持一致。解题关键是找准逻辑主语并确保一致。非谓语动词作状语常见形式为：直接以-ed/ing形式打头或“连词+-ed/ing形式”两种。

【例5】_____everything in good order, so she decided to watch TV in the sofa.

A. After she had put

B. Having been put

C. She had put

D. Having put

答案与解析：C。前后句通过并列连词连接，可判断为并列句，故不存在从属关系，排除答案ABD。

四、意义型匹配

考生不必过多地考虑句法知识和句型搭配，主要依赖前后句句意来匹配句子，使补全后的句子意义相承、关联、完整。

【例6】—She’s really pretty, isn’t she? Her skin looks so baby smooth!

—Well, it’s just that she puts lots of make-up on her face.______ (原创模拟)

A. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as her.

B. Actually, natural beauty comes from within.

C. I can’t believe she is still so pretty after giving birth to a baby!

D. Fortunately, she has a good income.

答案与解析：B。从答语just可以看出说话者不屑一顾。故只有B 项才能使句意完整，衔接自然。

【例7】—Jim, you are not coming back to our class next term?

—____.

A. No. Much remains to be done in my subjects