TW骨龄评分法解释

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TW3骨龄评分法演示

TW3骨龄评分法演示

TW3骨龄评分法演示TW3骨龄评分法演示venture capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient,convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positive for special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financialcapital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent workingin the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent workingin the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent workingin the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent workingin the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation inrecognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is aventure capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positivefor special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments atall levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire society's awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open "service the green channel" for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy environment, rule of law, market and social environment. Comrades, technological innovation, talent is a。

TW3骨龄评分法解释之令狐文艳创作

TW3骨龄评分法解释之令狐文艳创作

TW3骨龄评分法解释令狐文艳目录1概述12骨龄图谱介绍33RUS图谱说明43.1桡骨43.2尺骨53.3第Ⅰ掌骨63.4第Ⅲ、Ⅴ掌骨73.5近端拇指股83.6第Ⅲ、Ⅴ近端指骨93.7第Ⅲ、Ⅴ中间指骨103.8远端拇指骨113.9第Ⅲ、Ⅴ远端指骨134RUS骨龄成熟度评分141概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化。

合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证。

TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。

各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:➢A期:骨化中心尚未出现;➢B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;➢C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;➢D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;➢E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;➢H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;➢I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B 则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

TW骨龄评分法解释

TW骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X 线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期;桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化;合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证;TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期;各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:A期:骨化中心尚未出现;B期萌出期:骨化中心刚出现;C期骨核期:骨化中心的轮廓清楚;D期增大期:长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;E期、F期、G期构形期:长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;H期近成熟期:若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;I期成熟期:长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态;2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨;3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23;上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰;C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续;D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im;E期:骨骺远端边缘的内侧出现一增粗的白线,为其掌面的边缘,在其外侧即为其背侧面的边缭;F期:①骨骺近端分成掌面和背面,掌例面表现为一宽的、不规则的增粗白线;②骨骺两端,特别是尺侧向外生长,并与桡骨端面形状相适应;G期:①其背侧面因与月骨和舟状骨相接触面形成一小驼峰;②骨骺内侧形成背、掌面与尺骨骺形成关节;③其近侧边缘渐呈凹面状;H期:骨骺盖住桡骨两侧骺端;I期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见白色钙化线断续延伸;3.2尺骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨骺中心初现,仅见一或数个小点钙沉着处,边缘不清;C期:骨骺形状清晰,具连续、光滑的边界;D期:①直径≥1/2尺骨干骺端;②骨骺向两侧增长,其横径>纵径;③其近、端侧边绿均平坦,但不平行,形成楔状,其尖端向外桡侧;E期:可见小而明显的茎突;F期:①尺骨头清晰可见,密度高于其茎突,其内侧面呈现为一粗白线,与茎突相邻,骨骺的近端和远端边缘内凹;②与桡骨相领面变平;G期:①骨骺与干骺端等宽;②骨骺与干骺端的中1/3相邻面相互重叠;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见间断延仲的白色钙化线和黑色软骨线 ;3.3第Ⅰ掌骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰;C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续;D期:骨化中心最大直径≥1/2干骺端宽度E期:①骨骺与于骺端等宽;②其近端边缘出现凹面,系骨骺生成掌侧面和背侧而所致;F期:掌面和背面分界明显,所形成的鞍状脊与相邻的大多角骨相适应;晚期,骨骺的内侧缘变平直;G期:骨骺盖住干骺端,以内侧为明显;H期:骨骺开始融合,呈不连续的白色钙化线和黑色软骨线;I期:骨骺完全融合,钙化线开始消失;3.4第Ⅲ、Ⅴ掌骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰;C期:骨化中心呈圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续;D期:其横径≥1/2干骺端宽度;E期:骨骺的内,外、近侧面变直,形成“铲”或“指甲”状;F期:骨骺的背面向两侧生长超过掌面,可见掌面的边缘为两条纵行白线;G期:骨骺与干骺端等宽或更宽;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,黑色的软骨线逐渐消失,小于其宽度的3/4;I期:骨骺端完全融合,融合线基本消失;3.5近端拇指股上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,呈现为一或多个钙化点,边缘不清C期:骨化中心成盘形,边缘光滑清晰;D期:其直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2E期:①近端边缘变凹且增厚;②内侧边缘长于外侧,呈楔形;F期:骨骺宽于干骺端,尤以内侧显着;G期:骨骺盖住干骺端,尤以内侧显着;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合;I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,融合线大部分消失;3.6第Ⅲ、Ⅴ近端指骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清;C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续;D期:骨骺直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2;E期:近端边缘变凹且增厚;G期:骨骺盖住干骺端;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,仍可见不连续的黑色软骨线;I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,融合线大部分消失;3.7第Ⅲ、Ⅴ中间指骨上图具体特征为:B:1骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清;C期:骨化中心呈盘状,边缘光滑、清晰;D期:骨骺最大直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2;E期:骨骺中部的近端缘增厚、井向相邻指骨生长,与其滑车面相适应;F期:骨骺与干骺端等宽.G期:骨骺盖住干骺端;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,软骨黑线继续可见I期:骨骺完全融合,偶见残留的融合线;3.8远端拇指骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清;C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续;D期:最大直径等≥干骺端的1/2;②骨骺远侧缘较平坦,而近侧缘向下成角;F期:①骨骺近端外侧边缘凹入与近端指骨头相适应;②骨骺远端缘可见内、外两界面;;③骨骺与干骺端等宽;G期:骨骺盖住干骺端;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见间断的黑色软骨线和白色钙化线; I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,偶见残留的融合线;3.9第Ⅲ、Ⅴ远端指骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清;C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续;D期:骨骺最大直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2;E期:①骨骺与干骺端等宽;②近端缘的中心部分向中间指骨生长,但其掌面和背面尚未形成;F期:掌面及背面可区分,与中间指骨的滑车面相适应,掌面在背面的粗白线上向近端突起;G期:骨骺盖住干骺端;H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合;I期:骨骺与干骺端融合完全,偶可见残留的融合线;4RUS骨龄成熟度评分RUS骨龄成熟评分是将,上述13块骨头经过对照,获取相对应分数相加后,与RUS评分表对照,得出对于骨龄,对照表如下:。

骨龄检测方法

骨龄检测方法
《贵阳医学院学报》
• G-P图谱法 强调以一定的次序逐块骨进行比较, 并在不完全匹配时采用插入法(即取两张 标准片中同一块骨的中间值)这种方法精 确度高但费时,实践中很少应用。
• RUS-CHN图谱法 仅能评价桡骨及尺骨远端和第III指的4 块掌指骨骺。? • RC图谱法 在RUS-CHN骨发育等级基础上将计分 法与图谱法结合起来的新的骨龄评价方法。 适用于男13-18,女13-17岁青少年的年龄 推测。

骨龄评价方法主要有两大类:计分法 和图谱法。无论何种方法骨龄的评价都是 以骨发育成熟度指征为基础的。
• TW系列骨龄评分法 TW1,TW2,TW3的总称。 TW3是现在国际上应用的最新的一种检 测方法,(以欧洲以及北美地区儿童的纵 向生长研究资料和X线片为研究对象。)是 在TW2法的更新,较为简化而且精确度高, 突出了R系列的价值,分别测定R,C系列, 将每一系列的骨发育分定为1000,相当于 毫米级,每一系列的骨龄分辨率定为0.1岁。 TW2CH中国人南方标准
《上推出一种利用超声原理检测 骨龄的方法。以色列阳光医疗有限公司开发研制 出的骨龄检测设备,采用定量超声技术,通过测 量穿过手腕骨骨化中心的超声波的声速来检测骨 龄。操作简单,对人无伤害,耗时短,判断客观 等优点。但是与CHN法评价的骨龄不仅均值之间 差异大且相关程度也不理想。因为两种方法评价 手段在方法体系上具有不可比性,因此不能轻易 否定仪器的特性和优点。目前国际上在使用超声 波的研究取得进展,定量超声原理检测骨密度以 得到广泛应用。可重复性效果好,若在性能上加 以优化,前景不错。
《体育与科学》第29卷第6期

骨龄的名词解释评分法

骨龄的名词解释评分法

骨龄的名词解释|评分法骨龄的名词解释:骨龄是骨骼年龄的简称,需要借助于骨骼在X光摄像中的特定图像来确定。

通常要拍摄人左手手腕部的X光片,医生通过X光片观察左手掌指骨、腕骨及桡尺骨下端的骨化中心的发育程度,来确定骨龄。

骨龄的作用:人的生长发育可用两个“年龄”来表示,即生活年龄(日历年龄)和生物年龄(骨龄)。

人类骨骼发育的变化基本相似,每一根骨头的发育过程都具有连续性和阶段性。

不同阶段的骨头具有不同的形态特点,因此,骨龄评估能较准确地反映个体的生长发育水平和成熟程度。

它不仅可以确定儿童的生物学年龄,而且还可以通过骨龄及早了解儿童的生长发育潜力以及性成熟的趋势:通过骨龄还可预测儿童的成年身高,骨龄的测定还对一些儿科内分泌疾病的诊断有很大帮助。

骨龄最早应用于医学上研究和衡量儿童的生长发育情况,随后被大量地应用在确定运动员的实际年龄以确定参赛资格上。

骨龄鉴定方法被更加广泛地应用于司法判案过程中,并扮演着十分重要的角色。

骨龄的评分法:骨龄的测定都是利用骨的X线摄片、根据骨发育的X线征象即成熟标志而测定的。

19世纪末Boas首次提出生长速率的概念,在发现如何用X射线摄片后不久,人类生长学学者们很快将此概念和技术用于骨发育的研究,对骨龄的测定方法进行了长期探索和不断改进。

骨龄的测定方法较多,可分为计量骨化中心的“骨龄计数法”、与标准图谱比较的“骨龄图谱法”、按骨发育分期评分的“骨龄评分法”三种类型,并正在向计算机辅助评定骨龄的方向发展。

但是,通过比较国内、外检测骨龄的各种方法后确定中国儿童骨龄评分法:1.我国许多地方仍在使用的计算腕部骨化中心数目的方法应予淘汰,多部位摄片计数骨化中心的方法应予抵制;2.G-P图谱法不够精确、不适应我国儿童的标准;3.中国人骨成熟度评价标准-CHN法由多位学者制定,设计上有缺陷,不能与相应国际通用方法接轨; 因此,创立一种符合国际学科发展状况、适应中国儿童生长发育标准,同时操作简便、应用广泛、结果权威的骨龄评测方法符合中国国情和相关学科领域的需要。

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释目录2骨龄图谱介绍3RUS图谱说明 (4)3. 1棧骨 (4)3.2尺骨 (5)3.3第I掌骨 (6)3.4 第III、V 掌骨 (7)3.5近端拇指股 (8)3.6第III、V近端指骨 (9)3.7第III、V中间指骨 (10)3.8远端拇指骨 (11)3.9第III、V远端指骨 (13)4RUS骨龄成熟度评分 (14)到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-橈骨,28-尺骨,19-第I掌骨,9-第III掌骨,14-第V掌骨, 20-近端拇指股,4-第III近端指骨,11-第V近端指骨,12-第I【I中间指骨,23-第V中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第1【1远端指骨,21-第V远端指骨。

3 RUS谱说明3.4橈骨男RUS2:B S7c r?女RU$233C说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16 ,若为女性在为23o上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径21/2干舔端宽度;②骨儒橈侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与橈骨舔端的问距变小,约为ImoE期:骨舔远端边缘的内侧出现一增粗的白线,为其掌面的边缘,在其外侧即为其背侧面的边缭。

F 期:①骨舔近端分成掌面和背面,掌例面表現为一宽的、不规则的增 粗白线;②骨聽两端,特别是尺侧向外生长,并与橈骨端面形状相适应。

G 期:①其背侧面因与月骨和舟状骨相接触面形成一小驼峰;② 骨舔内侧形成背、掌面与尺骨聽形成关节; ③ 其近侧边缘渐呈凹面状。

H 期:骨舔盖住橈骨两侧聽端。

I 期:骨舔与干舔端开始融合,可见白色钙化线断续延伸。

3.2尺骨上图具体特征为:男HUS2730B• r?C f7女RUS3033男RUS58F育G女RUS74尺骨B期:骨飾中心初现,仅见一或数个小点钙沉着处,边缘不清。

C期:骨聽形状清晰,具连续、光滑的边界。

几种主要的骨龄评价方法介绍及存在问题(一)

几种主要的骨龄评价方法介绍及存在问题(一)

几种主要的骨龄评价方法介绍及存在问题(一)【摘要】骨龄是评价儿童生长发育、疾病诊断的重要指标,该文较全面地介绍了骨龄评价的方法,分析了不同骨龄评价的差异。

建议医务工作者掌握G-P图谱、TW2法/TW3法、CHN法这三种目前较多使用的骨龄评价方法,了解这三种方法评价骨龄之间的差异,这样才能更准确地评价骨龄。

【关键词】骨龄评价方法;G-P图谱;TW2法/TW3法;CHN法Abstract]evaluationofboneageisanimportantindicatorofgrowthanddevelop mentofchildrenanddiseasediagnosis.Thearticleintroducestheevaluationofb oneagemorecomprehensively,andanalysesdifferentboneagedifferences.Medicalworkersshouldmasterthe threeevaluationmethodsofboneagecurrentlyused,theGPmap,TW2/TW3methodandCHNmethod.Understandthedifferencebetweentheth reeevaluationmethodsofboneage.Onlyinthiswaycanmoreaccuratelyevaluat etheboneage.Keywords]evaluationofboneage;G-Pmap;TW2/TW3method;CHNmethod骨骼年龄(boneage,BA或skeletalage,SA)简称骨龄,是一种生物学年龄,身体的每一个骨骼在进行骨化时,均按一定的顺序及骨化部位解剖学有规律性的变化,对各实际年龄组,将此规律性变化标准化,用标准化的骨变化,估计被检者的实际年龄骨变化即称为骨龄1,2]。

骨龄对于评价儿童的生长发育情况、疾病诊断、临床治疗的监测都有重要的意义,而且骨龄对于国民体质监测、运动员选材都是不可或缺的指标。

腕骨发育成熟度评分标准

腕骨发育成熟度评分标准

腕骨发育成熟度评分标准
腕骨发育成熟度评分是通过对儿童和青少年手腕X线片的分析来评估其骨龄和生长发育情况的一种方法。

下面是一套常用的腕骨发育成熟度评分标准,称为Tanner-Whitehouse法(TW2法):
1. 腕骨骨折线评分(RUS评分):
- ST1:腕骨骨折线的末端进入等距分叉。

- ST2:腕骨骨折线分离,但没有等分叉。

- ST3:腕骨骨折线分离部分等距分叉或弯曲。

- ST4:腕骨骨折线完全分叉。

- ST5:腕骨骨折线完全分离。

2. 桡骨尖评分(RC2评分):
- P1:周期性分叉点在桡骨尖的近端。

- P2:周期性分叉点在桡骨尖的近端至1/3部位。

- P3:周期性分叉点在桡骨尖的中部至2/3部位。

- P4:周期性分叉点在桡骨尖的2/3部位至近端。

- P5:周期性分叉点在桡骨尖的近端至远端。

3. 桡、尺骨骨质评分(AP评分):
- AP1:骨质紧密,不透明。

- AP2:骨质有些稀疏。

- AP3:骨质稀疏,但整体仍然完整。

- AP4:溶骨,骨干出现异常。

- AP5:骨干弯曲,骨质破坏。

根据以上评分,可以综合评估儿童和青少年的腕骨发育成熟度,确定其骨龄和生长发育情况。

这套评分标准是一种较为常用且比较客观的评估方法,但在具体使用中还需结合个体的年龄、性别、种族等因素进行综合分析和判断。

骨龄检测中TW2,TW3法的前生今世

骨龄检测中TW2,TW3法的前生今世

骨龄检测中TW2,TW3法的前生今世昨天从接待家长鉴定骨龄发现,图谱法对目前中国儿童准确性不高可能导致孩子用药干预的病例,详细分享到了GP图谱法测骨龄的前世今生,很显然,GP图谱法简便、直观,易于被人掌握,目前仍不失为内分沁门诊医生快速评测骨龄的不错选择。

缺点主要是精确度不够。

尤其是性早熟,矮小,缺乏生长激素等患者异常片上,且原始数据来源于二十世纪20年代50年代美国中、上层家庭白人儿童,1959年后未再更新,年代较久远。

所以,以欧美儿童为样本的GP图谱的评价标准可能并不符合不同种族、不同社会环境下的儿童。

我国著名骨龄专家张教授曾做过研究,在青春期前中国儿童骨发育接近于欧洲儿童,但在青春期骨发育迅速而提前,所以用GP图谱法测骨龄对于青春期前的儿童还适用。

对于青春期儿童则多评估过大。

因此,我们今天分享一下第二种骨龄评估方法TW3法。

TW3法的前身是ⅣW1、TW2法。

全称叫M叶分法。

为什么叫这个名字呢?因为又是两个大神级人物发明的。

Called Tanner and Whitehouse他俩将手腕骨20块骨,其中7块腕骨,13块掌指骨及桡、尺骨骨骺,按照杈重不同,给予不同的分数,然后得分相加得到手腕骨成熟度总分,然后依据总分对应的曲线评价儿童的骨龄。

TW2法以二十世纪60年代英国中等社会阶层家庭的儿童为样本,TW3以二十世纪90年代美囯欧洲后裔、西班牙、英国儿童为样本。

TW方法提出后,世界许多国家的学者纷纷进行了验证和应用。

Tanner教授总结了世界各大洲人群数十年的检验工作,得出不同种族手腕骨发育指征出现规律相同的结论,Tw骨发育等级标准可以应用于不同人群。

这些创新性的工作,为我们更精确地评价骨龄提供了科学依据。

但对于当今中国的儿童,生活水平节节攀升,已经暴露出许多漏洞,相对中华05标准来讲,越来越显落在后。

小结:图三,是不同国家儿童达到相同骨成熟度得分年龄的比较。

图中红色线为2005年中国儿童的发育规律,除了灰色线以外都是欧美各个不同国家儿童的发育规律曲线。

TW骨龄评分法解释

TW骨龄评分法解释

T W骨龄评分法解释集团企业公司编码:(LL3698-KKI1269-TM2483-LUI12689-ITT289-T W3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化。

合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证。

TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。

各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:A期:骨化中心尚未出现;B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im。

骨龄twc法

骨龄twc法

骨龄twc法
骨龄TW(Tanner-Whitehouse)法是一种评估儿童和青少年骨骼发育成熟度的方法,通常用于预测其成年身高和评估生长发育情况。

该方法基于一系列标准化的X光图像,通过对骨骼特定部位的分析,确定儿童的骨龄。

以下是关于骨龄TW法的详细介绍,字数超过500字。

骨龄TW法是由英国的生长发育专家Tanner和Whitehouse共同提出的。

该方法通过分析手腕部骨骼的X光图像,将儿童的骨龄与同龄正常人群的骨龄进行比较,从而评估其生长发育情况。

骨龄TW法具有较高的准确性和可靠性,已成为国内外广泛应用的生长发育评估方法之一。

在进行骨龄TW法评估时,医生会让儿童拍摄手腕部的X光图像。

通过对图像中骨骼的形态、大小、密度等特征的分析,医生可以确定儿童的骨龄。

骨龄TW法将骨龄分为不同的阶段,每个阶段对应不同的生长发育阶段。

通过与同龄正常人群的骨龄进行比较,医生可以判断儿童的生长发育是否正常,是否存在生长发育迟缓或提前等问题。

骨龄TW法的应用非常广泛。

在儿科临床实践中,医生可以通过骨龄TW法评估儿童的生长发育情况,预测其成年身高,为制定个性化的生长发育干预方案提供依据。

此外,骨龄TW法还广泛应用于体育、舞蹈等领域,帮助教练和运动员评估运动员的生长发育情况和潜力。

总之,骨龄TW法是一种重要的生长发育评估方法,具有广泛的应用价值。

通过该方法的应用,我们可以更好地了解儿童的生长发育情况,及时发现并干预生长发育问题,为儿童的健康成长提供有力保障。

同时,骨龄TW法也为运动员选材和训练提供了重要的参考依据。

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X 线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化。

合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证。

TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。

各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:➢A期:骨化中心尚未出现;➢B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;➢C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;➢D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;➢E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;➢H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;➢I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im。

E期:骨骺远端边缘的内侧出现一增粗的白线,为其掌面的边缘,在其外侧即为其背侧面的边缭。

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释

TW3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述 (2)2骨龄图谱介绍 (3)3RUS图谱说明 (4)3.1 桡骨3.2 尺骨3.33.4 8 3.5 91011 (12)3.9 第Ⅲ、Ⅴ远端指骨 (13)4RUS骨龄成熟度评分 (14)1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X 线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,的系列变化。

合理的X保证。

TW320个骨B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨B则为男23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im。

E期:骨骺远端边缘的内侧出现一增粗的白线,为其掌面的边缘,在其外侧即为其背侧面的边缭。

F期:①骨骺近端分成掌面和背面,掌例面表現为一宽的、不规则的增粗白线;②骨骺两端,特别是尺侧向外生长,并与桡骨端面形状相适应。

G期:①其背侧面因与月骨和舟状骨相接触面形成一小驼峰;②骨骺内侧形成背、掌面与尺骨骺形成关节;③其近侧边缘渐呈凹面状。

骨龄评估方法

骨龄评估方法

骨龄评估方法全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:骨龄评估方法是一种通过观察骨骼发育程度来判断一个人的生理年龄的方法。

这种评估方法可以帮助医生判断儿童的生长发育情况,及时发现问题并采取相应措施,以促进健康成长。

本文将介绍一些常用的骨龄评估方法及其原理、应用范围和注意事项。

一、骨龄评估方法1. Greulich-Pyle(GP)骨龄评估法Greulich-Pyle(GP)法是目前应用最广泛的骨龄评估方法之一。

该方法是根据对美国儿童X射线影像的大量观察和统计研究得出的结果,通过比较待评估儿童的手腕和手指骨骼的X射线影像与标准图谱来确定其骨龄。

2. Tanner-Whitehouse(TW)骨龄评估法Tanner-Whitehouse(TW)法是一种基于骨骼发育程度评估儿童生长发育的方法。

该方法主要是通过对头颅、手腕和骨盆的X射线影像进行评估,结合手指骨X射线拍摄进行骨龄判断。

3. Radiographic Scoring Method(RSM)骨龄评估法Radiographic Scoring Method(RSM)法是一种通过对头颅、手腕和手指骨X射线影像进行定量测量,并根据骨骼的发育情况对其进行评分和分类,最终确定骨龄的方法。

以上三种骨龄评估方法都是通过对儿童的X射线影像进行观察和比对,根据骨骼的特征和发育情况来判断其生理年龄。

二、骨龄评估的应用范围1. 生长发育评估通过骨龄评估,医生可以了解儿童的生长发育情况,及时发现生长迟缓或过快等问题,制定相应的调整措施,促进健康成长。

2. 疾病诊断一些疾病或遗传病会影响儿童的生长发育,通过骨龄评估可以帮助医生进行相关疾病的诊断,及早干预治疗。

3. 运动训练运动员的生长发育情况直接影响其竞技水平,通过骨龄评估可以为运动员量身定制合适的训练方案,提高训练效果。

4. 药物治疗监测一些生长激素治疗、雌激素治疗等会影响儿童的生长发育,通过骨龄评估可以监测药物治疗的效果,调整治疗方案。

W骨龄评分法解释

W骨龄评分法解释

W骨龄评分法解释 Document number:WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GTTW3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化。

合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证。

TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。

各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:➢A期:骨化中心尚未出现;➢B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;➢C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;➢D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;➢E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;➢H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;➢I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im。

骨龄及其测评方法

骨龄及其测评方法
通过查图表得出骨龄,使用方便、省时,但需要 投照部位较多,不够精确。
格旦尼 (B.B.Girdany) 修正之卡普- 席勒(Camp- Cilly)骨龄标
准 注:括号内数 字为干骺完全 闭合的年龄。
• 中国人四肢骨龄标准图解:
1、李果珍等(1979年)统计1-18岁男、女上肢继发 骨化中心的出现、闭合百分率。
TW法是采用诸骨不同发育期的X线特征标准和分 值,来衡量骨成熟度。TW法分为:
R
尺桡骨远端 骨骺,第1、 3、5掌指骨 骨骺共13枚
C
除豌豆骨外 的7枚腕骨
T
为上两系列 总和20块骨
R系列
C系列
T系列
TW2法:包括R系列、C系列、T系列。
TW3法:包括R系列、C系列。
贵阳医学院
TW3法是在TW2法基础上进行修改:
• 儿童上肢 肩、肘、腕3个部位的骨发育速度基本相同 ,但不完全一致。一般在同一年龄组中,肩肘部发育 最快,腕部骨发育速度属于中等或中上等。
• 出现早的骨骺闭合晚,出现晚的骨骺闭合早。前者是 肢体增长的主要因素,后者则影响较小。
• 骨骺出现早而闭合晚: 1.股骨上端股骨头骨骺,自出生5-10个月出现,17-
二、骨骺出现及闭合年龄法
• 1、口诀法: 腕部骨骺出现的简单规律为:“1岁出2个,10岁
全出够。”女孩出现骨骺的时间要比男孩早1-3岁。 • 2、图、表解法:
国内外学者将不同部位骨化中心出现和闭合的年 龄分别用图解、表格列出。通过了解骨骺出现年龄及 闭合年龄,得到骨龄范围,正常允许范围内,属骨发 育正常。
• 合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发 育期的根本保证。我们介绍一下TW3的具体分期 方法。其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨 发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和 大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。 各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:

G-P图谱测骨龄法和TW计分法骨龄标准的由来

G-P图谱测骨龄法和TW计分法骨龄标准的由来

G-P(Greulich and Pyle)图谱法:G-P图谱诞生于美国布拉什基金研究。

1929年美国俄亥俄州克利夫兰西储大学医学院Todd教授设计并实施了综合性的儿童生长发育调查计划,成为世界上最早期的骨发育纵断研究。

因研究工作所需经费由布拉什基金提供而称为布拉什基金研究。

研究样本均为北欧人后裔,儿童家庭的经济以及教育状况在平均水平以上。

1938年,Todd教授去世,斯坦福大学医学院的Greulich 教授接替了他的工作。

1950年,Greulich和Pyle发表了《手腕骨发育X线图谱》,而称为G-P图谱。

在1959年对标准片做了某些修改,成为国际间著名的G-P骨龄标准图谱G-P图谱发表后,在国际间得到了长期普遍的应用。

其使用方法非常简便,将被评价的X线片与发育程度相近的图谱标准片做整片比较,直到选择出发育程度最为相似的标准片,该标准片的骨龄即为被评价儿童的骨龄。

TW(Tanner and Whitehouse)计分法在20世纪60年代以前,图谱法是制订骨龄标准的主要方法。

但也有人对图谱法的主观性提出了批评。

1959年,英国伦敦大学的Tanner和Whitehouse根据英国哈普敦纵断生长研究骨龄评价计分法,依据英国一般社会经济水平家庭的儿童的制订了骨龄标准,称为TW1法。

在1975年,Tanner 等对TW1方法进行了修改,并分别建立了TW2-20(20块骨)、TW2-RUS(桡骨、尺骨、掌指骨)和TW2-Carpal(腕骨)骨龄标准,而称为TW2法。

1997年,根据欧洲儿童生长发育的长期趋势,Tanner等开始修订TW2标准。

首先,根据美国德克萨斯州休斯敦经济收入为中上水平家庭的儿童,制订了美国北方欧洲血统儿童的TW-RUS骨龄评价标准,称为US90。

在此基础上,Tanner 等经过对TW2标准以及比利时、西班牙、日本、阿根廷、意大利、美国德克萨斯儿童骨发育的分析比较,制订了新的骨龄参考标准和评价图表,称为TW3方法。

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TW骨龄评分法解释————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:TW3骨龄评分法解释目录1概述 (1)2骨龄图谱介绍 (3)3RUS图谱说明 (4)3.1桡骨 (4)3.2尺骨 (5)3.3第Ⅰ掌骨 (6)3.4第Ⅲ、Ⅴ掌骨 (7)3.5近端拇指股 (8)3.6第Ⅲ、Ⅴ近端指骨 (9)3.7第Ⅲ、Ⅴ中间指骨 (10)3.8远端拇指骨 (11)3.9第Ⅲ、Ⅴ远端指骨 (13)4RUS骨龄成熟度评分 (14)1概述TW3骨龄评分法是通过X光拍左手,将Ⅹ光片根据手、腕部骨X 线征象进行的骨发育进行X线分期。

桡、尺骨远端和掌、指骨骨端的骨发育,从出现继发骨化中心、形成骨骺,到骨骺发生结构改变,最后干、骺融合,解剖形态上都经过有规律的系列变化;同样,各腕骨的发育,从出现原发性骨化中心,到完全成形,解剖形态上也都经过有规律的系列变化。

合理的X线分期和各期的专有标志是准确判断骨发育期的根本保证。

TW3的具体分期方法,其X线分期方法是将手、腕部20个骨骺的骨发育分为8或9期,即桡骨、掌骨、指骨、钩骨和大多角骨各分为9期,尺骨和7个腕骨各分为8期。

各期的顺序以英文大写字母、从A起依次表示:➢A期:骨化中心尚未出现;➢B期(萌出期):骨化中心刚出现;➢C期(骨核期):骨化中心的轮廓清楚;➢D期(增大期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核增长到一定大小;➢E期、F期、G期(构形期):长骨骨骺或腕骨核逐步成形,如关节面、骨突的形成,与邻近骨关系的变化等;➢H期(近成熟期):若骨只分8期,则为成熟期;➢I期(成熟期):长骨的干、骺端融合开始、完成,或腕骨核接近达到成熟形态。

2骨龄图谱介绍注释:3-桡骨,28-尺骨,19-第Ⅰ掌骨,9-第Ⅲ掌骨,14-第Ⅴ掌骨,20-近端拇指股,4-第Ⅲ近端指骨,11-第Ⅴ近端指骨,12-第Ⅲ中间指骨,23-第Ⅴ中间指骨,8-远端拇指骨,17-第Ⅲ远端指骨,21-第Ⅴ远端指骨。

3RUS图谱说明3.1桡骨说明:骨头上方是男性的分数,下方是女性的分数,如B则为男性分数为16,若为女性在为23。

上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:①骨化中心直径≥1/2干骺端宽度;②骨骺桡侧增厚,较圆,尺侧呈椎状;③近侧面变平,稍增厚,与桡骨骺端的问距变小,约为Im。

E期:骨骺远端边缘的内侧出现一增粗的白线,为其掌面的边缘,在其外侧即为其背侧面的边缭。

F期:①骨骺近端分成掌面和背面,掌例面表現为一宽的、不规则的增粗白线;②骨骺两端,特别是尺侧向外生长,并与桡骨端面形状相适应。

G期:①其背侧面因与月骨和舟状骨相接触面形成一小驼峰;②骨骺内侧形成背、掌面与尺骨骺形成关节;③其近侧边缘渐呈凹面状。

H期:骨骺盖住桡骨两侧骺端。

I期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见白色钙化线断续延伸。

3.2尺骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨骺中心初现,仅见一或数个小点钙沉着处,边缘不清。

C期:骨骺形状清晰,具连续、光滑的边界。

D期:①直径≥1/2尺骨干骺端;②骨骺向两侧增长,其横径>纵径;③其近、端側边綠均平坦,但不平行,形成楔状,其尖端向外(桡侧)。

E期:可见小而明显的茎突。

F期:①尺骨头清晰可见,密度高于其茎突,其内侧面呈现为一粗白线,与茎突相邻,骨骺的近端和远端边缘内凹;②与桡骨相領面变平。

G期:①骨骺与干骺端等宽;②骨骺与干骺端的中1/3相邻面相互重叠。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见间断延仲的白色钙化线和黑色软骨线。

3.3第Ⅰ掌骨B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈椭圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:骨化中心最大直径≥1/2干骺端宽度E期:①骨骺与于骺端等宽;②其近端边缘出现凹面,系骨骺生成掌侧面和背侧而所致。

F期:掌面和背面分界明显,所形成的鞍状脊与相邻的大多角骨相适应;晚期,骨骺的内侧缘变平直。

G期:骨骺盖住干骺端,以内侧为明显。

H期:骨骺开始融合,呈不连续的白色钙化线和黑色软骨线。

I期:骨骺完全融合,钙化线开始消失。

3.4第Ⅲ、Ⅴ掌骨B期:骨化中心初现,为一或数个小钙化点,边缘不清晰。

C期:骨化中心呈圆形,边缘清晰、光滑、连续。

D期:其横径≥1/2干骺端宽度。

E期:骨骺的内,外、近侧面变直,形成“铲”或“指甲”状。

F期:骨骺的背面向两侧生长超过掌面,可见掌面的边缘为两条纵行白线。

G期:骨骺与干骺端等宽或更宽。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,黑色的软骨线逐渐消失,小于其宽度的3/4。

I期:骨骺端完全融合,融合线基本消失。

3.5近端拇指股B期:骨化中心初现,呈现为一或多个钙化点,边缘不清C期:骨化中心成盘形,边缘光滑清晰。

D期:其直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2E期:①近端边缘变凹且增厚;②内侧边缘长于外侧,呈楔形。

F期:骨骺宽于干骺端,尤以内侧显著。

G期:骨骺盖住干骺端,尤以内侧显著。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合。

I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,融合线大部分消失。

3.6第Ⅲ、Ⅴ近端指骨B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清。

C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续。

D期:骨骺直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2。

E期:近端边缘变凹且增厚。

F期:骨骺与干骺端等宽。

G期:骨骺盖住干骺端。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,仍可见不连续的黑色软骨线。

I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,融合线大部分消失。

3.7第Ⅲ、Ⅴ中间指骨上图具体特征为:B:1骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清。

C期:骨化中心呈盘状,边缘光滑、清晰。

D期:骨骺最大直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2。

E期:骨骺中部的近端缘增厚、井向相邻指骨生长,与其滑车面相适应。

F期:骨骺与干骺端等宽.G期:骨骺盖住干骺端。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,软骨黑线继续可见I期:骨骺完全融合,偶见残留的融合线。

3.8远端拇指骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清。

C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续。

D期:最大直径等≥干骺端的1/2。

E期:①骨骺与干端等宽;②骨骺远侧缘较平坦,而近侧缘向下成角。

F期:①骨骺近端外侧边缘凹入与近端指骨头相适应;②骨骺远端緣可见内、外两界面;。

③骨骺与干骺端等宽。

G期:骨骺盖住干骺端。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合,可见间断的黑色软骨线和白色钙化线。

I期:骨骺与干骺端完全融合,偶见残留的融合线。

3.9第Ⅲ、Ⅴ远端指骨上图具体特征为:B期:骨化中心初现,为单一或多个钙化点,边缘不清。

C期:骨化中心呈盘形,边缘光滑、连续。

D期:骨骺最大直径≥干骺端宽度的1/2。

E期:①骨骺与干骺端等宽;②近端缘的中心部分向中间指骨生长,但其掌面和背面尚未形成。

F期:掌面及背面可区分,与中间指骨的滑车面相适应,掌面在背面的粗白线上向近端突起。

G期:骨骺盖住干骺端。

H期:骨骺与干骺端开始融合。

I期:骨骺与干骺端融合完全,偶可见残留的融合线。

4RUS骨龄成熟度评分RUS骨龄成熟评分是将,上述13块骨头经过对照,获取相对应分数相加后,与RUS评分表对照,得出对于骨龄,对照表如下:男孩骨龄成熟度评分(RUS法)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)42 2.0 158 5.0 243 8.0 363 11.0 603 14.0 46 2.1 161 5.1 246 8.1 369 11.1 615 14.1 50 2.2 164 5.2 250 8.2 375 11.2 628 14.2 55 2.3 166 5.3 253 8.3 381 11.3 641 14.3 60 2.4 169 5.4 256 8.4 387 11.4 655 14.4 66 2.5 172 5.5 259 8.5 394 11.5 668 14.5 70 2.6 175 5.6 262 8.6 400 11.6 682 14.6 75 2.7 177 5.7 265 8.7 406 11.7 697 14.7 80 2.8 180 5.8 268 8.8 413 11.8 711 14.8 86 2.9 183 5.9 272 8.9 420 11.9 726 14.9 91 3.0 186 6.0 275 9.0 427 12.0 741 15.0 94 3.1 189 6.1 279 9.1 434 12.1 755 15.1 98 3.2 191 6.2 283 9.2 441 12.2 769 15.2 101 3.3 194 6.3 287 9.3 448 12.3 783 15.3 105 3.4 197 6.4 291 9.4 455 12.4 798 15.4 108 3.5 200 6.5 295 9.5 462 12.5 813 15.5 112 3.6 202 6.6 299 9.6 470 12.6 828 15.6 116 3.7 205 6.7 303 9.7 478 12.7 843 15.7 120 3.8 208 6.8 308 9.8 485 12.8 859 15.8 124 3.9 211 6.9 312 9.9 493 12.9 875 15.9 129 4.0 214 7.0 316 10.0 501 13.0 891 16.0 132 4.1 216 7.1 321 10.1 511 13.1 912 16.1 134 4.2 219 7.2 325 10.2 520 13.2 933 16.2 137 4.3 222 7.3 330 10.3 530 13.3 955 16.3 140 4.4 225 7.4 334 10.4 540 13.4 977 16.4 143 4.5 228 7.5 339 10.5 550 13.5 1000 16.5 146 4.6 231 7.6 344 10.6 560 13.6149 4.7 234 7.7 348 10.7 570 13.7152 4.8 237 7.8 353 10.8 581 13.8155 4.9 240 7.9 358 10.9 592 13.9女孩骨龄成熟度评分(RUS法)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)评分骨龄(岁)126 2.0 251 5.0 372 8.0 589 11.0 891 14.0 130 2.1 255 5.1 377 8.1 597 11.1 902 14.1134 2.2 258 5.2 382 8.2 605 11.2 912 14.2 139 2.3 262 5.3 387 8.3 614 11.3 923 14.3 143 2.4 265 5.4 393 8.4 622 11.4 933 14.4 148 2.5 269 5.5 398 8.5 631 11.5 944 14.5 153 2.6 273 5.6 400 8.6 640 11.6 955 14.6 158 2.7 277 5.7 409 8.7 649 11.7 966 14.7 163 2.8 281 5.8 415 8.8 658 11.8 978 14.8 168 2.9 284 5.9 421 8.9 667 11.9 989 14.9 174 3.0 288 6.0 427 9.0 676 12 1000 15.0 178 3.1 292 6.1 434 9.1 685 12.1182 3.2 296 6.2 441 9.2 695 12.2186 3.3 301 6.3 448 9.3 705 12.3191 3.4 305 6.4 455 9.4 714 12.4195 3.5 309 6.5 462 9.5 724 12.5200 3.6 313 6.6 470 9.6 735 12.6204 3.7 318 6.7 478 9.7 745 12.7209 3.8 322 6.8 485 9.8 755 12.8214 3.9 327 6.9 493 9.9 766 12.9219 4.0 331 7.0 501 10.0 776 13.0222 4.1 335 7.1 509 10.1 787 13.1225 4.2 339 7.2 518 10.2 798 13.2228 4.3 343 7.3 526 10.3 809 13.3231 4.4 347 7.4 535 10.4 820 13.4234 4.5 351 7.5 543 10.5 832 13.5238 4.6 355 7.6 552 10.6 843 13.6241 4.7 359 7.7 561 10.7 855 13.7244 4.8 363 7.8 570 10.8 867 13.8248 4.9 367 7.9 579 10.9 879 13.9。

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