科技英语阅读与翻译论文
科技英语阅读与翻译
科技英语阅读与翻译【牙齿仙女】Primitive peoples believe that hair， nail clippings， and lost teeth remain magically linked to the owner even after they have been disconnected from his body. As any voodoo artist will tell you， if you want to grind someone into powder， you don't need to touch him at all. It's quite enough to stamp on a missing molar and let ;contagious magic; do the rest. This is why peoples all over the world traditionally hide lost body parts， lest they fall into the wrong hands.远古时期的人们认为毛发、剪下的指甲和脱落的牙齿即使离开了人的身体，仍与其主人保持着神秘的联系。
正如任何一个伏都教大师都会告诉你的，假如你想置某人于死地，根本用不着去碰他，只需用脚踩碎那人脱落的一颗臼齿就够了，剩下的事就交给无边的法力去办。
这就是为什么全世界各个民族都习惯于把身体上脱落的东西藏起来，以免落入恶人之手。
American children's ritual of hiding lost teeth under their pillows probably derives distantly from this practice. But there is an obvious difference， for when Suzie conceals her baby milk-tooth， she fully expects it to be found， and by a good magician， not an evil one. Moreover， she expects to be paid for having surrendered it， and at the going rate. Nothing mare clearly suggests the blithe commercial gusto of our culture than this transformation of a fearful superstition into a cheery business transaction。
科技相关英文作文
科技相关英文作文I'm a big fan of technology and I believe it hasgreatly impacted our lives in many positive ways. From smartphones to smart homes, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, I can control the lights, thermostat, and security system in my home with just a few taps on my smartphone. This level of convenience was unimaginable just a few years ago.英文，I also love how technology has improved communication. With social media and messaging apps, I can easily stay in touch with friends and family around the world. It's amazing to think that I can have real-time conversations with someone on the other side of the globe, all thanks to technology.中文，我还喜欢科技如何改善了沟通。
有了社交媒体和消息应用程序，我可以轻松地与世界各地的朋友和家人保持联系。
想想我可以与世界另一端的人进行实时对话，这都归功于科技。
In addition, technology has revolutionized the way we work and learn. For instance, I can attend online classes and webinars to improve my skills and knowledge without having to leave the comfort of my home. This level of accessibility has opened up so many opportunities for people around the world.英文，Furthermore, technology has also had a huge impact on the healthcare industry. With the advancement of medical technology, doctors are able to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and efficiently. For example, robotic surgery has made complex procedures safer and less invasive, leading to faster recovery times for patients.中文，此外，科技也对医疗行业产生了巨大影响。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英语阅读翻译
Before any evidence can be introduced in support of the topic at hand, thedefinition of invention must be established. Legally, an invention is a new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, or product . Maurice Fabre, author of A History of Land Transportation(1963), offered an interesting take on the automobile and its inventor . "who, for that matter ,can say who invented thewith his steam carriage of 1801, or Benz or Daimler with their first successfulcars of 1886?depends what you meanby an automobile ." in the year 2001, what do we consider the automobile to be ?I invite the reader to take a minute to look out the window . I see a street linedwithcars . Many of these cars possess similar shapes and sizes . Infact, some ofthem are the same make and model, only different colors . What does this tell us about the modern automobile?The modern automobile is not a single vehicle;itfact, we could argue that the modernautomobile is a giant technological systemthatEngineers design the components,manufacture the components,assemblers the components into complete systems,truck driversdeliver the assembled product, and salesmen sell the product to the masses . This brieflogistics and maintain financial accounts,or the separate companies that mine raw materials or design and manufacture the needed machine tools . What would the economy of the United States be like without the modern automobile?Obviously, the modernautomobile and self propelled vehicle are necessarily thesame .翻译：在任何证据被介绍来支持这个主题以前，必须建立发明的定义。
科技英语阅读翻译
1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元，这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。
原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子，带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。
质子和中子，它们具有几乎相同的质量，聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。
的电子，这在其他单位相比是微小的，围绕原子核高速移动。
具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技英语阅读翻译(张敏)
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochs of steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished.Others adapted, faltered， or died. Now, many experts believe， humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporous by—products of civilization， in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues， it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers， boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones。
与科技有关英文作文
与科技有关英文作文英文：When it comes to technology, I believe it has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the positive side, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and messaging apps. We can also shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. In addition, technology has greatly improved healthcare, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and effectively.However, technology also has its downsides. One major negative impact is the decrease in face-to-face communication and social interaction. People are becoming more reliant on technology for communication, leading to a lack of personal connections and a decrease in empathy. Another issue is the potential for addiction to technology,such as social media or video games, which can lead to negative effects on mental health and productivity.Overall, while technology has greatly improved ourlives in many ways, it is important to be aware of its potential negative impacts and strive for a balance in our use of technology.中文：谈到科技，我认为它在积极和消极方面都对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。
最新科技英语阅读与翻译(李健)
科技英语阅读与翻译（李健）第二章设想一下:在一个新的产业诞生之际, 你目=睹见证了这一切! 这个产业是在前所未有的新技术基础上发展起来的, 其中包括一些实力雄厚企业销售的高度专业化商务设备, 还有越来越多的新兴公司生产的新奇玩具、为玩具藏家青睐的机巧装置, 以及其他一些奇特有趣的特殊产品。
但同时, 这还是一个缺乏行业标准和平台的、尚不成规模的产业。
项目复杂, 进步缓慢, 实际应用更是少之有少。
事实上, 尽管对这个产业的未来充满热情和希望,但是没有人能明确地说出什么时间- 或究竟是否有可能-它能取得关键性的规模发展。
但是,若真能实现发展, 那么,它很可能改变整个世界。
当然, 上述描述可算是上世纪70 年代中期计算机产业的写照, 也就在那时, 保罗·艾伦和我成立了微软公司。
当时,部分大企业、政府部门和其他一些机构都在使用笨重、昂贵的主计算机进行后台运算。
知名大学和大型工业实验室的研究人员正试图建造出最基本的构件, 以使信息化时代的到来成为可能。
当时英特尔公司刚刚推出他们的8080 微处理器,雅达利公司正在销售一款流行电子游戏“乒乓”。
而在国产计算机俱乐部里,爱好者急切地努力探索这种新技术带来的好处究竟是什么。
但当时我脑海中所萦绕的则是更具前瞻性的问题:机器人产业即将作为一项新兴的产业而崛起,其当时的发展同30 年前计算机的发展如出一辙。
想想看, 目前汽车组装线上使用的制造型机器人已替代了昔日的主计算机。
这个产业其他的典型产品包括可进行外科手术的机器手, 在伊拉克和阿富汗用于路边及地面排雷的侦察机器人, 以及可以进行地板吸尘的家用机器人。
电子产品公司还推出了可模仿人类、或是狗、恐龙等的机器人玩具, 而玩具收藏者们正迫不及待地想要猎取一套乐高公司生产的最新机器人系列玩具。
与此同时, 世界尖端科技人员正试图解决机器人技术中最棘手的难题, 诸如视觉识别、远程操控、以及学习型机器等问题, 而且他们正在不断获得成功。
体现科技的英文作文
体现科技的英文作文英文：Technology has had a profound impact on our daily lives, from the way we communicate to the way we work and even the way we entertain ourselves. In my opinion, technology has greatly improved the quality of our lives, making tasks easier and more efficient.One example of how technology has improved our lives is through the use of smartphones. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information on the internet, and even use it as atool for work or entertainment. It has become an essential tool for many people in their daily lives.Another example is the use of artificial intelligencein various industries. AI has the ability to analyze large amounts of data and provide insights that would be impossible for humans to do on their own. This has led toadvancements in fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, improving efficiency and accuracy.However, there are also concerns about the negative effects of technology, such as addiction to social media and the potential loss of jobs due to automation. It is important to find a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of technology and use it responsibly.Overall, technology has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. It is up to us to use it wisely and make the most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.中文：科技对我们的日常生活产生了深远的影响，从我们的通讯方式到工作方式，甚至娱乐方式都有所改变。
科技英语阅读与翻译全文
科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文：As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文：作为一名科技爱好者，我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
科技科学英文作文
科技科学英文作文英文：Technology and science have greatly influenced our lives. They have brought about many changes and advancements in various fields, such as medicine, communication, transportation, and entertainment. With the help of technology, we can now communicate with people from all over the world, travel to different places faster and more comfortably, and access information and entertainment easily.However, technology and science also have their drawbacks. They can be addictive and can affect our mental and physical health. For example, spending too much time on social media or playing video games can lead to social isolation and obesity. Moreover, technology can also cause environmental problems, such as pollution and global warming.Despite these negative effects, I believe that technology and science have more benefits than drawbacks. They have made our lives easier, more convenient, and more enjoyable. For instance, we can now use smartphones to order food, book a taxi, or watch a movie, which saves us time and effort. In addition, technology and science have also helped us to solve many global issues, such as hunger, poverty, and disease.Overall, technology and science have brought about many changes to our lives, both positive and negative. It is important for us to use them wisely and responsibly, and to find a balance between their benefits and drawbacks.中文：科技和科学对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
中考作文科技英文范文
中考作文科技英文范文英文：Technology has greatly impacted our lives in many ways. On one hand, it has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and video conferencing. We can also shop online and have items delivered to our doorstep without ever leaving our homes. Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and work. We can access vast amounts of information and resources through the internet and use various software and tools to increase our productivity.On the other hand, technology has also brought about some negative effects. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on our mental and physical health. We spend too much time staring at screens, which can lead to eye strain and poor posture. Moreover, social media and online gaming addiction have become serious problems that can lead todepression and anxiety. In addition, technology has also contributed to the loss of jobs in certain industries as machines and automation take over.Overall, technology has both advantages and disadvantages. It is up to us to use it wisely and in moderation to avoid the negative effects.中文：科技在许多方面对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
关注科技方面发展英文作文
关注科技方面发展英文作文英文回答：Technological advancements are rapidly transforming modern society. From the advent of artificial intelligence to the proliferation of personal devices, technology is profoundly influencing every aspect of our lives. Staying abreast of these advancements is crucial for staying competitive in the job market, making informed decisions about our future, and embracing the numerous benefits that technology has to offer.One of the most significant technological developments of recent decades is artificial intelligence (AI). AIrefers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that have traditionally required human intelligence, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language understanding. AI-powered tools are already being used in a wide range of applications, from healthcare to finance to manufacturing. As AI continues to develop, it is expectedto further revolutionize the way we work, live, andinteract with the world around us.Another notable technological trend is the rise of personal devices. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, providing us with constant access to information, communication, and entertainment. These devices are also increasingly being used for business and productivity tasks, blurring thelines between our personal and professional lives. The proliferation of personal devices has also created new challenges, such as concerns about privacy and thepotential for addiction.In addition to AI and personal devices, there are numerous other technological developments that are shaping our world. Cloud computing, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are just a few examples. These technologies are unlocking new possibilities in fields such as data analytics, supply chain management, and healthcare. By understanding and adapting to these advancements, we can seize the opportunities they present and mitigate theirpotential risks.中文回答：科技的进步正在迅速改变着现代社会。
科技类型英文作文
科技类型英文作文英文：Technology is a broad category that encompasses a wide range of fields, including information technology, biotechnology, and engineering. Each of these fields hasits own unique characteristics and applications.Information technology, or IT, is perhaps the mostwell-known type of technology. It includes everything from computer hardware and software to telecommunications networks and internet services. IT is used in a variety of industries, from finance and healthcare to entertainmentand education. For example, I use IT every day to communicate with friends and family, research information, and complete work tasks.Biotechnology, on the other hand, is a rapidly growing field that involves the use of living organisms and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.This field includes everything from genetic engineering and biopharmaceuticals to agricultural biotechnology and environmental biotechnology. Biotechnology has thepotential to revolutionize many industries, such as medicine and food production. For example, scientists are using biotechnology to develop new treatments for diseases like cancer and to create more sustainable and efficient farming practices.Finally, engineering is a field that involves the design, construction, and maintenance of structures, machines, and systems. This field includes everything from civil engineering and mechanical engineering to electrical engineering and aerospace engineering. Engineers use their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions. For example, engineers design and build bridges, airplanes, and smartphones, among other things.中文：科技是一个广泛的范畴，包括信息技术、生物技术和工程技术等多个领域。
科学技术作文英文
科学技术作文英文英文：Science and technology have played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, science and technology have changed the way we live, work, and communicate.One example of how science and technology have changed our lives is the smartphone. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information, and even control our home appliances.It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Another example is the development of renewable energy. As we face the challenge of climate change, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants are just a few examples of how science and technology are helping usto reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to a more sustainable future.In addition to improving our daily lives, science and technology have also contributed to the advancement of medicine. With the development of new drugs and medical technologies, we are able to treat and prevent diseases that were once considered incurable. For example, the development of vaccines has helped to eradicate diseases such as smallpox and polio.Overall, science and technology have had a profound impact on our lives and will continue to shape our future. As we face new challenges, we will rely on science and technology to help us find solutions and create a better world.中文：科学技术在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
科技英语阅读与翻译(李健)---unit3 Dark nergy
As astronomers have explored this new phenomenon, they have found that, in addition to determining the overall expansion rate of the universe, dark energy has long-term consequences for smaller scales. As you zoom in from the entire observable universe, the first thing you notice is that matter on cosmic scales is distributed in a cobweblike pattern--a filigree of filaments, several tens of millions of light-years long, interspersed with voids of similar size. Simulations show that both matter and dark energy are needed to explain the pattern.
According to models, dark matter began to clump immediately after the big bang, forming spherical blobs that astronomers refer to as "halos." The baryons, in contrast, were initially kept from clumping by their interactions with one another and with radiation. They remained in a hot, gaseous phase. As the universe expanded, this gas cooled and the baryons were able to pack themselves together. The first stars and galaxies coalesced out of this cooled gas a few hundred million years after the big bang. They did not materialize in random locations but in the centers of the dark matter halos that had already taken shape.
科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)
Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
科技英语阅读与翻译之浅谈英语说明书的翻译
其实，刚开学拿到课表看到这门课时，还是挺意外的，心想“怎么到大三了还是逃不掉英语的摧残啊”，但是随着对门课更加深入的学习，还是改变了我的看法，我现在已经大三了，更多的接触到了一些专业上以及更加实用性的东西，而科技英语阅读与翻译就是其中的一项。
英语是世界上最古老的语种之一,其重要性也是毋庸质疑的，而随着世界科技的发展和我国与国外科技交流的日益频繁,科技英语扮演着十分重要的角色，一方面，随着中国市场经济迅猛发展,对外经济交往逐渐加深与扩大，越来越多的国内产品开始走出国门，产品的英文说明书也相应发展成为企业树立产品形象，促进出口销售，开拓海外市场的重要手段。
另一方面，伴随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,中国如今比以往任何时候都要更加吸引全世界的目光，众多外资企业纷纷把投资的眼光,投向中国这一庞大而具有潜力的市场中,如众多国外奢侈品牌、化妆品、汽车、药品、等等，而这同样需要准确的科技术语翻译来打开另一扇经济的大门，明白了这些道理，这门课的学习也就不那么枯燥了。
不知不觉间这门课马上也要结束了，通过这几个周的学习，虽然不能说自己已经完全掌握了科技英语阅读与翻译的所有技巧，但我感觉收获最大的还是对专业的科技英语翻译培养了浓厚的兴趣，下面我就以英语说明书的翻译，简单的介绍下科技类文献翻译的一些技巧和方法。
说明书对于一个产品和企业的作用不言而喻，说明书的种类有很多，包括产品说明书，使用说明书，安装说明书等，说明书不同于其他类别的科技文献，高质量的说明书对消费者的使用安全和购买心理都起着十分重要的影响，其特殊性则更加要求说明书的翻译质量，考验翻译工作者的翻译功力。
说明书的翻译除了要遵循专业文献翻译的基本原则，例如要使用符合专业行业规定的规范术语，不能生造词，要使用简单的句子，用最简单的话表达意思，同时说明书的翻译又有其特殊的要求，如要按照产品说明书的基本格式和基本要求，不做增减，在英译汉的过程中，要考虑中国读者的习惯和中文的表达习惯，适当调整语序，改词换词等，同时更要注意说明书的真实性和产品营销价值的统一，既要基于事实，又要利于产品的营销。
要想真正完成对英文产品说明书的准确翻译，就要仔细揣摩英文说明书撰写人的思维，有人要说“不同的作者有不同的思考方式，那岂不是太难揣摩了”，其实不然，英文说明书里有一些常用的句型，掌握了这些常用句型的含义对我们的翻译有着事半功倍的作用。
1）动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式，动词不定时，祈使语句等句型出现频率较高
例如：Adjust the volume of the MIC .monitor sp/phone and room sp until they are at a
proper level
这是课本上的一个例句，意思是把麦克风，监听扬声器，室内扬声器调整到合适的音量，不难发现，许多英文产品说明书里使用大量的这种句型是文章显得更加精炼清晰，所以掌握了这类句型的翻译会使我们的工作更加高效。
2）常采用各种省略手段，简化或避免重复
例如：Usage and dosage :6g,twice a day
这句话省略了主谓宾语，仅留下了状语部分，这样表达，含义简单，但消费者明白省略部分内容，并不会产生歧义，因此这种表达也很常见
同时，我们在翻译的过程中也要注意英汉词性的转换，英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同之处。
因此，在英译汉过程中，不能逐词逐句翻译。
译时原文的有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然，即翻译时不必拘泥于原文的表层结构，可以在忠实原意的前提下将原文中有些词的词性转换为汉语的其他词性。
例如to have a rest中的rest虽是名词，但翻译时要译成动词；再如The more carbon the steel contains，the harder and stronger it is.（钢的含碳量越高，强度和硬度就越大），形容词加上定冠词时，形容词可以翻译成名词；英文中有许多由名词派生出来的动词，以及有一些名词本身又可作动词使用，这些词在翻译时，在汉语中往往不容易找到相应的动词，或者就根本没有相应的动词，如The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.（电子计算机的主要特点是计算迅速，准确），这时可将该动词转成汉语的名词。
细细罗列下来，科技英语翻译的方法真的有很多，当然这里面的每一个细节都需要我们注意，在说明书类的翻译中细心则显得更为重要，只要有稍不留意，小则增加使用的学习难度，大则可能会造成巨大的经济损失，正如前面所说，这门课收获最大的是增加了我们的学习兴趣，而科技英语的翻译还是靠平常的积累，我相信通过自己更加主动的学习，一定会慢慢提高科技英语阅读与翻译的能力，为以后的学习和工作打下基础。