高三英语外研版一轮教师用书:第2部分 专题2 名词和冠词 含解析
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专题二名词和冠词
一、名词
[全国卷考情分析]
(对应学生用书第246页)
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
2.(·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors,so he had to get them opened by force.
Ⅱ.单句改错
Though we are now out of danger,the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a
[再解读要点]
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分,不可数名词没有单复数之分。
1.可数名词复数的变化规则
(1)名词复数的规则变化
①单复数同形:deer ,sheep ,Chinese ,means(方式, 方法),series ,species ②词形变化:man →men ,woman →women ,child →children ,tooth →teeth ,foot →feet ,mouse →mice ,ox →oxen
③合成名词的复数:passer-by →passers-by ,looker on →lookers on ,grown up →grown ups ,stand by →stand bys
④名词前有man 或woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:woman doctor →women doctors ,man waiter →men waiters
(3)常以复数形式出现的名词:thanks ,congratulations ,
trousers ,works(著作;工厂),manners(礼貌),spirits(情绪),instructions(操作说明),directions(用法说明),papers(试卷, 文件),times(时代)等。
2.抽象名词具体化 ⎩⎨⎧experience[U]经验an experience[C]一次经历
⎩⎨⎧surprise[U]惊奇a surprise[C]一个/次令人吃惊的人或事
⎩
⎨⎧pleasure[U]愉快a pleasure[C]一件乐事 ⎩
⎨⎧success[U]成功a success[C]一个(件)成功的人或事 ⎩⎨⎧comfort[U]安慰a comfort[C]一个(件)令人安慰的人或事
[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I have no hesitation(hesitate) in recommending her for the job.
2.(江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes(mistake),the teacher pointed them out with patience.
Ⅱ.单句改错
Many parents in China always attach too much important to words ,ordering their children to do this or that.important →importance
【导学号:44040116】
[再解读要点]
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“动词+名词+介词”和“介词+名词”。常考的高频短语:
1.介词+名词 with patience 耐心地 by chance/accident 偶然 at a loss 不知所措 in advance 提前 in favor of 支持, 赞成 on purpose 故意地
beyond recognition 无法辨认 in great demand 需求量很大 2.动词+名词+介词 have/gain access to 可以获得 take advantage of 利用, 趁……之机
make use of利用
find fault with挑……的错
keep pace with与……同步
put an end to结束……
take notice of注意到
catch sight of看见
do damage to损害……
attach importance to重视……
take the place of取代,代替
take pride in以……自豪
take possession of占有
make prep arations for为……做准备make contributions to对……做出贡献[技法点拨]
二、冠词[全国卷考情分析]
(对应学生用书第247页)
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(·重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great,”said Jim,and I hope to see a second.
2.(·四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 【导学号:44040117】
Ⅱ.单句改错
(·山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.
在第二个car前加a [再解读要点]
不定冠词用于表示泛指,一般修饰单数可数名词,有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时,用不定冠词a;当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时,用不定冠词an。
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用作可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”,相当于a certain。
—Excuse me,would you please give the iPad to John?
——打扰一下,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗?
—Sorry,but I don't think there's a John in our class.——对不起,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be+of+a/an+名词”结构中,表示“同一,相同”时,相当于of the same+名词。
The two plants look different,but they are of a kind (=of the same kind).
这两种植物看上去不同,但属于同一类。
2.不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟,你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词:success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。
(山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。