第1讲 构词法

第1讲构词法

一、构词法的分类

英语构词法分为三类：

1．派生词，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。

例如：rich adj.富有的→enrich v．丰富

home n．家→homeless adj.无家可归的

2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。

例如：back n．背→back v．支持

slow adj.慢的→slow v．减慢。

例如：You can use the_water in the ditch to water the flowers.你可用沟里的水浇花。3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。

例如：blackboard n．黑板

hand-made adj.手工制作的

二、派生词

(一)名词后缀

1．动词＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)

correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正

celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会

conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束

2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员

gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者

conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员

3．动词＋-ment→名词

punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚

4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词

warm adj. 温暖的warmth n．温暖

grow v．生长growth n．生长

5．形容词＋-y→名词

difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难

honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实

6．形容词＋-ness→名词

kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良

7．动词＋-ance→名词

annoy v t.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼

8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)

member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格

professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份

9．-ing结尾的名词

garden n．花园gardening n．园艺

greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候

强化训练一

用所给单词的适当形式填空完成下列短文

From the 1._________(express) on Mary's face，he knew he left bad 2. _________ (impress) on her and if she won the 3. _________(elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. _________ (organize), he could not get her 5._________ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. _________(pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth. When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. _________ (inspire) from his wife's words. Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. _________(determine)to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. _________ (help) ! I'm sure I will be the 10. _________ (win) of the election.”He said to his wife excitedly.

Keys:

1.expression

2.impression

3.election

anization

5.permission

6.pollution

7.inspiration

8.determination9．helper10.winner

课后小练笔

It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States. His 1. _________ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. _________ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the 3. _________ (die) of the poor baby. 4._________ (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5._________ (relate) or friends there. Thanks to his 6. _________ (brave) and 7. _________ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. _________ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9._________ (settle). He always tells his children like this：Perseverance leads to 10. _________ (happy) and success. Keys:

1.earnings

2.birth

3.death

4.Loneliness5．relations/relatives6．bravery7. perseverance

8.citizenship9. settlement10. happiness

(二)形容词、副词后缀