高中英语-定语从句长难句解析

定语从句之长难句解析
1.It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women they are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.
【要点】who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words
用来修饰sentimentalists (情感主义者) whom引导的定语
从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children。

which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes 用来修饰affections
【译文】一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情
的渴望。

换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，
必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得
到满足。

2..Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.
【要点】本句为简单复合句。

句架为Smart cards, which ..., are
already widely used in European countries where...。

which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰smart cards；where 为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰countries。

nationwide:全国范围内的。

roll out:本意为"展开(卷起之物)",此处为引申义,指展开工作。

【译文】智能卡载有的信息量是普通磁卡信息载量的80多倍,已经在欧洲各国广泛使用,因而使欧洲各国中央银行得以在全国范围展开新型的服务。

3.We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.
【要点】本句中有两个由which引导的定语从句：第一个定语从句的先行词是science,而不是chemistry; 第二个定语从句的先行词是chemical change,而不是result或matter。

【译文】我们可以说,化学是论述物质化学变化的科学,通过化学变化可能获得新的物质
4.Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch!
【要点】本句由一个主句(Time goes fast)、两个定语从句(who...和you can catch)和一个状语从句(when...)组成。

you can catch 前省略了that。

按照先发生的事情先叙述以及条件在先结果在后的汉语习惯,翻译时应采用逆序法。

【译文】对一个有美感,能以好奇心接收你所能抓到的任何东西的人来说,时间总是过得很快,比如当戏水池里有几个可爱的孩子,池边还有一位如黛安娜似的年轻女子时
前置法：如果定语从句较短，限制能力较强，一般我们将此类定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰的先行词的前面。

后置法：如果定语从句结构较为复杂,译成前置的定语短语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，我们往往把定语从句与主句分译，译成后置的并列分句
5.In the railroads' prime years, between 1890 and 1920,there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading - works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs．
【解析】(同位语most of them；定语从句who made a profession of writing)
分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States 分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them
分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading 分句4. works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs．
1是主句2和3是嵌套2作为1中a few individuals 的同位语,
对它进一步解释说明
【译文】在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期,美国有几个人(他们大多有丰富的铁路经验)以写铁路题材为职业——作品围绕车站、停车场和机车。

6.In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them．
【解析】(特殊结构marked by；定语从句that seemed…the visible sign…)
分句1：In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges
分句2：that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them
分句1是整个长句子的主句,其中宾语部分是由几个并列短语构成的。

分句2是分句1的定语从句,进一步解释了这些东西何以成为了“标志”，1和2嵌套。

【译文】在农业上,这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商品交换的出现,对全国的众多农民来说它们是反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志。

7.And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building．
【解析】(where引导定语从句；what引导的从句作presided over 的宾语)
分句1：And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork
分句2：where individual contractors presided over
分句3：what were essentially handicraft proprietorships
分句4：that coexisted within a single building
分句1是整个长句子的主句,分句2是分句1的定语从句, 分句3是2的宾语从句,分句4是3的定语从句。

1和2嵌套, 2和3嵌套, 3和4嵌套.
【译文】仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂,在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场。

8.Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.
【解析】(whereby=by which,引导定语从句,表示手段)
【译文】租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统。