Skopos Theory 目的论
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The essence of the theory:The prime principle determining any translation process is thepurpose (skopos) of the overall translation action,which is regarded as the central theory by the German Functionalism.
The advantage of skopos theory is that it allows the possibility of the same text being translated in different ways according to the purpose of the TT and the commission which is given to the translator.
It includes three principles: skopos rule, coherence rule, and fidelity rule. Skopos rule explains that translation is determined by purpose. Coherence rule mainly focus on the coherence of form and meaning. Fidelity rule is faithful to the original writing. If there is contradiction among three principles, skopos rule should be put in the first place.
Skopos Theory
For Vermeer, translation is a type of human action, an intentional, purposeful behavior that takes place in a given situation. It is a form of translation action based on a source text. He holds that any action has an aim, a purpose, so does translation activity. The Greek word“skopos”, which was introduced into translation theory by Vermeer in the 1970s, is a technique term for the goal or purpose of a translation, that is what a translator is aiming at in the translation process.
skopos rΒιβλιοθήκη le：According to skopos theory, principle of all translation activities follow the "objective principle", namely the translation should be in language context and culture, according to the target text receivers expected function types. The purpose of translation is to determine the whole process of translation, that is to say, the method of determining the outcome. But the translation activities can have multiple purposes, which further divided into three categories: (1) the basic purpose of the translator ; (2) the communicative purpose of the translation (such as enlightening); (3) to use some special means of translation purpose (such as to illustrate the special grammatical structure a language in the literal way) according to its structure. However, under normal circumstances, the "objective" refers to the communicative purpose of the translation, namely "translation of the target readers in the target languagein the social cultural context of communicative function". (Venuti:2001) therefore, the translator should make clear its specific purpose in a given translation context, and in accordance with the objective to determine the - between literal translation and free translation or between what the translation method.
The advantage of skopos theory is that it allows the possibility of the same text being translated in different ways according to the purpose of the TT and the commission which is given to the translator.
It includes three principles: skopos rule, coherence rule, and fidelity rule. Skopos rule explains that translation is determined by purpose. Coherence rule mainly focus on the coherence of form and meaning. Fidelity rule is faithful to the original writing. If there is contradiction among three principles, skopos rule should be put in the first place.
Skopos Theory
For Vermeer, translation is a type of human action, an intentional, purposeful behavior that takes place in a given situation. It is a form of translation action based on a source text. He holds that any action has an aim, a purpose, so does translation activity. The Greek word“skopos”, which was introduced into translation theory by Vermeer in the 1970s, is a technique term for the goal or purpose of a translation, that is what a translator is aiming at in the translation process.
skopos rΒιβλιοθήκη le：According to skopos theory, principle of all translation activities follow the "objective principle", namely the translation should be in language context and culture, according to the target text receivers expected function types. The purpose of translation is to determine the whole process of translation, that is to say, the method of determining the outcome. But the translation activities can have multiple purposes, which further divided into three categories: (1) the basic purpose of the translator ; (2) the communicative purpose of the translation (such as enlightening); (3) to use some special means of translation purpose (such as to illustrate the special grammatical structure a language in the literal way) according to its structure. However, under normal circumstances, the "objective" refers to the communicative purpose of the translation, namely "translation of the target readers in the target languagein the social cultural context of communicative function". (Venuti:2001) therefore, the translator should make clear its specific purpose in a given translation context, and in accordance with the objective to determine the - between literal translation and free translation or between what the translation method.