管理会计案例分析

•Rate Standards
•Time Standards
•Use wage surveys and labor contracts.
•Use time and motion studies for each labor operation.
Setting Variable Overhead Standards
•Price Standards
•Quantity Standards
•Final, delivered cost of materials, net of discounts.
•Use product design specifications.
Setting Direct Labor Standards
•I see that there is an unfavorable
variance.
• But why are variances
important to me?
•First, they point to causes of problems and directions for improvement.
•Second, they trigger investigations in departments
having responsibility for incurring the costs.
Variance Analysis Cycle
• •Identify questions
• •Receive explanations
•A standard is the expected cost for one
unit.
•A budget is the expected cost for all
units.
Standard Cost Variances
•A standard cost variance is the amount by which
experience and expectations.
Setting Standard Costs
•Should we use practical standards or ideal standards?
•Engineer
•Managerial Accountant
Setting Standard Costs
an actual cost differs from the standard cost.
•Product Cost
•Standar d
•This variance is unfavorable because the actual cost
exceeds the standard cost.
Standard Cost Variances
•Practical standards should be set at levels
that are currently attainable with reasonable and efficient effort.
•Production manager
Setting Standard Costs
管理会计案例分析
2020年4月29日星期三
Standard Costs
•Standard Costs are
•Based on carefully predetermined amounts.
•Used for planning labor, material and overhead requirements.
•Rate Standards
•Activity Standards
•The rate is the variable portion of the predetermined overhead
rate.
•The activity is the base used to calculate
the predetermined overhead.
•The expected level of performance.
•Benchmarks for measuring performance.
Standard Costs
•Managers focus on quantities and costs that exceed standards, a practice known as
•I agree. Ideal standards, that are based on perfection, are
unattainable and discourage most
employees.
•Human Resources Manager
Setting Direct Material Standards
management by exception.
•Amount
•Direct Labor
•Direct Material
•Standar d
•Manufacturing Overhead
•Type of Product Cost
Setting Standard Costs
Accountants, engineers, personnel administrators, and production managers combine efforts to set standards based on
•Take corrective
actions
• •Analyze variances
•Begin
•Prepare standard cost performance
report
•Conduct next period’s
operations
Standard Cost Variances
Standard Cost Card – Variable Production Cost
• A standard cost card for one uLeabharlann Baiduit of product might look like this:
Standards vs. Budgets
•Are standards the same as budgets?