2013年英语摸底测试题详解

2013年英语摸底测试题详解
一、词汇
初级
1. I’ll be at work and I won’t be able to __________ until 5.
A. get there
B. get on there
C. get to there
答案A，get there 中间不需要任何介词。

翻译：我要上班，我5点前不可能赶到那。

2. I ___________ smoking two years ago.
A resigned B. quit C. threw
答案B，戒烟用quit，resign 辞职；throw 扔掉；
翻译：我两年前戒烟了。

3. Is John always on time? No, he’s usually 15 minutes __________.
A. earlier
B. early
C. too soon
答案B，early提前，提早；earlier是early的比较级，更早；too soon 太快了；
翻译：John经常准时吗？不，他常常早到15分钟。

4 We don’t accept this application by mail. You’ll have to come to our office __________ .
A. personal
B. person
C. in person
答案C，personal 个人的；person 人；in person 亲自；
翻译：我们不通过email接收这种申请，你必须亲自到我们办公室一趟。

5 Can we __________ (= postpone this) until next week?
A. put this on
B. put this off
C. put this under
答案B，put off 推迟；
翻译：我们可以帮这个推迟到下周吗？
6. Don’t drink so much wine - You’ll have a ___________ tomorrow.
A. head cold
B. headache
C. head pain
答案B，headache 头疼；
翻译：别喝太多酒，你明天会头疼的。

7. __________ you lock the door after we leave!
A. Make secure
B. Make aware
C. Make sure
答案C；make sure 确定，确保；
翻译：确保你离开后关门！
8. I actually get __________ quite well with my mother-in-law. You could even say we’ve become good friends.
A. in
B. around
C. along
答案C；get along well with sb 与某人相处愉快；
翻译：我真的和我婆婆相处得很愉快，你甚至可以说我们已经是好朋友了。

9. Q: Did he ___________ his exam? A: No, he failed.
A. miss
B. answer
C. pass
答案C；
翻译：他通过考试了吗？不，他没及格。

10. I’m here on ___________, not on business. I won’t be doing any work.
A. a trip
B. travel
C. vacation
答案C；on vacation 度假；
翻译：我到这是来度假，不是出差。

我不会做任何工作的。

中级
11. Beijing is well its beautiful scenery and the Great Wall.
A. known as
B. known to
C. known about
D. known for
答案D，be well known for 因为…而著称。

翻译：北京因为其美丽的风景和长城而著称。

12. This question is too hard, and it is my understanding and comprehension.
A. below
B. beyond
C. over
D. without
答案B，beyond作为介词，表示“超出”。

翻译：这个问题太难了，超出了我的认识和理解。

13. In order to buy her house she had to get a from the bank she likes.
A. finance
B. capital
C. loan
D. debt
答案C，loan表示“贷款”，后面的bank“银行”正好符合。

翻译：为了买房，她不得不从她喜欢的银行贷款。

14. Any student who his homework is unlikely to pass the examination.
A. reduces
B. offends
C. practices
D. neglects
答案D，neglect表示“忽视，忽略”。

翻译：任何忽视家庭作业的学生是不可能通过考试的。

15. You two have got a lot .
A. in general
B. in common
C. in all
D. in any case
答案B，have sth. in common 与…有共同之处。

翻译：你们两个有很多相似之处。

16. I got a __________ on my way to work this morning.
A. punctured tire
B. empty tire
C. flat tire
答案C，flat tire车胎瘪了；
翻译：我今天早上上班路上爆胎了。

17. Some people think that listening to loud music while driving can____ accidents.
A. make
B. promote
C. cause
答案C，cause 导致；
翻译：有人认为开车时开大音乐的音量会导致事故。

18. This is a __________ process = This process takes a long time.
A. time-sensitive
B. time-consuming
C. timely
答案B，time-consuming 耗时的；
翻译：这个过程很耗时。

19. He always lets __________ ( = disappoints her).
A. her over
B. her down
C. her on
答案B，let sb down 让某人失望；
翻译：他常常让她失望。

20. Our company __________ us to take public transportation to wo rk. Employees who don’t require parking get special bonuses.
A. discourages
B. gives
C. encourages
答案C，encourage 鼓励；
翻译：我们公司鼓励我们乘公共交通工具上班，不需要停车位的员工会获得特别奖励。

高级
21. We know through painful experience that freedom is never given by the oppressor; it must be
by the oppressed.
A. required
B. requested
C. demanded
D. commanded
答案C，demand表示要求，相当于ask for sth.”；require需要/有赖于，相当于“depend on”，还可以表示根据命令或指示要求做什么；command命令/指挥，如command center 指挥中心；request相当于ask sb. to do sth. politely”。

翻译：通过那些痛苦的经历我们认识到自由绝不是由压迫者施与的；它必须由被压迫者自己去争取。

22. the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.
A. With regard to
B. Thanks to
C. In line with
D. By means of
答案B，thanks to由于/因为，相当于“because of sb./ sth.”；by means of用…办法/借助；with regard to关于…/在…问题上；in line with与…类似/一致。

翻译：由于全球巨大的粮食流通，这些国家已经很多年没有感到人口压力了。

23. Three university departments have been $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.
A. awarded
B. included
C. promoted
D. secured
答案A，award奖励；promote促进/提高；include包含；secure得到/获得。

翻译：大学的这三个学院得到了60万美元的奖励用于发展优秀的教学实践。

24. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and the closing of all recreation
facilities for such games.
A. acknowledges
B. advocates
C. assists
D. admits
答案B，advocate拥护/支持/提倡；admit承认/供认；
acknowledge承认/鸣谢；assist帮助/协助。

翻译：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，并且提倡关闭所有提供这些游戏的娱乐场所。

25. This research has attracted wide coverage in the and has featured on BBC television’s tomo rrow’s World.
A. message
B. source
C. media
D. data
答案是C，media传媒/媒体；data数据，如data base数据库；
message消息/便条；source来源。

feature on特比报道/专门报道。

翻译：这项研究吸引了媒体的广泛报道，并在BBC电视台的节目《明日世界》里做了专门报道。

26. They were admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.
A. deprived
B. declined
C. rejected
D. denied
答案D，deny否认/否定，可接名词/代词/that从句，deny admission to表示不允许；reject 抛弃/不采纳/断然拒绝；deprive剥夺，如deprive sb. of political right for life剥夺某人政治权利终身；decline下降/婉言拒绝/谢绝；
翻译：他们不允许参加这个军事博览会，因为他们是外国人。

27. Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually paper money for almost every purchase.
A. trade
B. exchange
C. replace
D. reduce
答案C，replace取代/替代；exchange兑换，如exchange rate汇率；
trade贸易；reduce减少。

翻译：信贷业的很多人希望在几乎所有购买活动中信用卡可以最终取代纸币。

28. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to the isolation of life in Alaska.
A. break down
B. break into
C. break out
D.break through
答案D，break through突围/冲破或取得突破性成就；break down发生故障/精神上崩溃；
break into非法闯入/强行进入；break out爆发。

翻译：现代的运输和交流方式在很大程度上打破了阿拉斯加与世隔绝的生活状态。

29. Any donation you can give will help us the suffering and isolation of the homeless this New Year.
A. ease
B. lift
C. patch
D. comfort
答案A，ease减轻/抚平；comfort使…舒服，后面一般接人；lift抬起/升起；patch修补。

翻译：你能给予的任何捐赠都将会帮助我们减轻那些在新年里无家可归者的痛苦和孤独。

30. The beam that is by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.
A. transported
B. emitted
C. translated
D. motivated
答案B，emit发射；motivate激励/激发；transport运输；translate翻译。

翻译：激光发出的光束与手电筒发出的光在几个方面是不同的。

二、语法
时态
1. Shirley _______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
答案D，由“我不知道她是否已经写完了”推知，她去年“正在写”。

2. The price _______ but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down
B. will go down
C. has gone down
D. was going down
答案C，后文(will remain so)暗示物价已经降下来了。

3. —You’ve left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. _______ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go
B. I’ve gone
C. I go
D. I’m going
答案A，从语境很容易判断用将来时。

表示临时的决定只能用will；再说，going 也不能与turn 并列。

4. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy.
A. wouldn't expect
B. haven't expected
C. hadn't expected
D. wasn't expecting
答案C，“迟到”用的是过去时，“没想到路面结冰”应是过去的过去。

状从：
5. ________ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever
B. However
C. Whenever
D. Whichever
答案C，因为gave后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词A、B、和D。

however意为“无论如何”；whenever意为“每当…”，根据句意，只有选C，意义才通。

6. ________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
答案C，因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，mistakes不能check，排除A和D；若用B，则前后是两个句子，又无连词，排除B。

7. I would never speak to someone like that ________ they said something unpleasant to me.
A. even if
B. so that
C. as if
D. ever since
答案A，只有选A，前后意义才通：even if即使、纵然；so that为了、以便；as if. 好象；ever since从(那时)到现在。

非谓语
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
答案B，考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。

not to make it more difficult是与to make it easier 形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。

9. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
答案A，句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”。

suffer 发生在clean up 之前，且有already 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。

10. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
答案D，非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。

Finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是she，故选D。

意为：她发现她的车被人偷了，她就赶紧报警求援。

倒装
11. No sooner ________ themselves in their seats in the theatre ________ the curtain went up.
A. they have settled; before
B. had they settled; than
C. have they settled; when
D. they had settled; than
答案B，因为以否定词或半否定词开头的句子，要用部分倒装，排除A和D。

另外，no sooner…than…(一…就…)是固定答搭配，且no sooner分句中的谓语通常用过去完成时，而than分句中的谓语用一般过去时。

12. From then on we never saw her again, nor ________ from her.
A. heard we
B. had we heard
C. we have heard
D. did we hear
答案D，因为“nor +情态动词、助动词或be+主语”表示“…也不”之意，又由前文的saw 可知hear也是一般过去时态，所以用助动词did。

13. Not until all the fish died in the river ________ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize
答案A，因为以否定词not until开头，句子用部分倒装。

定从
14. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. same
答案C，因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，所以选C。

during which time在那段时间里。

15. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
答案D，将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。

假若在this 后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。

16. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
答案D，当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。

注意：在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that…结构中，that不作任何句子成份。

虚拟语气
17. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature.
A. is heated
B. will be heated
C. would be heater
D. be heated
答案D，因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”；material(材料)与heat(加热)是被动关系，用被动语态，所以是be heated。

18. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. had come
答案C，因为句中otherwise (否则)表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以用would have done。

19. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known
B. would know
C. should know
D. knew
答案D，因为if only (要是…就要了) 其后的句子要用过去式表示虚拟语气，由as you do 可知，是与现在事实相反，所以选knew。

20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
答案B，这是个错综时间虚拟条件句：主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。

句意为“如果我不是在七岁时就迷上了Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么”。

三、阅读理解
Passage 1:
When you are near a lake or a river, you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it can’t make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. Then you feel the cool air and the wind, which makes you cool.
Of course, scientists can’t answer all of your questions. If we ask, “Why is the ocean full of salt?” scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, “What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean doesn’t get more salty every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.
We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.
1. The main idea of this passage is .
A. People feel cool when they are near a lake or river
B. Scientists can explain everything we want to know
C. Scientists can explain many things but not everything
D. The salt in the ocean from rocks
2. You feel cool when you are near a lake or river because .
A. the water is cold
B. the earth is hot
C. the water is colder than the earth
D. cool air from the water moves towards the land
3. Now scientists know .
A. What makes people feel cool near a lake or a river in summer
B. Everything about the ocean
C. Why the ocean does not get more and more salty
D. What happens to the salt in the ocean
4. A rock cracks when .
A. rain falls
B. it gets very hot
C. it gets very cold
D. either B or C
5. People are always curious because .
A. they know nothing about the world
B. they know little about the world
C. there are answers they do not have
D. they like it
答案及详解
1. C，这题是考查对全文主旨的理解，前面两段是举例子。

最后一段指出文章的主旨。

2. D，答案的依据在第一段的最后两句。

3. A，根据一段的内容，可以知道A答案正确。

4. D，答案依据在第二段的第3句“when a rock…cracks”
5. C，答案依据在文章的最后一句“but there are … curious.”
译文：
当你靠近湖泊或河流，会感觉到凉爽。

为什么？因为太阳使地面发热，但是它不能使湖水或河水发热。

虽然地面上方的空气会变热，但是湖水或河水上方的空气仍然很凉。

地面上方的热空气上升，然后被移动进来的凉爽空气所取代。

所以，感觉到了凉气和凉风，你会觉得很凉爽。

当然，科学家不能解答所有的疑问。

如果你问，“为什么海洋里全是盐？”科学家会说盐来自岩石。

当岩石变得很热或很凉就会破裂。

雨水进入裂缝后，会把盐带入地面与河流，河流再把盐带入海洋。

但是如果你问，“海洋里的盐发生了什么变化？海洋为什么不会年复一年越来越咸？”，科学家对这个问题的答案还不太确定。

关于这个世界，我们了解得很多。

但是还有很多问题我们不知道答案，我们也很想知道答案。

Passage 2
Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize" （划分）friendships, having "friends at work", "friends on the softball team", "family friends", etc.
Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they wil1ask you questions that you may feel are very persona1. No insult is intended; the questions usual1y grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.
On the other hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations l some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.
6. The general topic of the passage is ______.
A. American culture
B. American society
C. Americans' activities
D. Americans' personality
7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Americans do not like to depend on other people.
B. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.
C. Americans know a lot about international affairs.
D. Americans always seem to be on the go.
8. The phrase "highly charged" (paragraph 2) most probably means ______.
A. extremely free
B. highly responsible
C. very cheerful
D. full of mobility and change
9. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities
B. Americans' character is affected by their social and geographical environments.
C. Americans do not know how to deal with silence
D. Curiosity is characteristic of Americans
10. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because ______.
A. they are not interested in other countries
B. they are too proud of themselves
C. their country does not have many neighboring nations
D. they are too busy to learn about other countries
答案及详解：
6. D，通读文章可知，本文一直在讲述美国人的性格特征：他们对待朋友的态度、在社会交往中表现的特性以及他们对国际事务的关注程度等等。

7. C，文章最后一段的第一句提到：不要指望美国人熟知国际事务。

从作者的态度可知，美国人并不关心国际事务。

8. D，根据上下文的文意：美国是一个高度活跃的社会，它总是处于运动之中。

由此可以看出，美国社会的大环境应该是灵活变动的。

9. B，文章的第二段可以指出，由于美国社会总是处于不断的流动与变动之中，美国人有时可能显得无礼或者不耐烦。

由此可以推断出，美国的社会环境影响了美国人的性格。

10. C，答案在文章的最后一句话：因为与美国接壤的国家不多，因此一些美国人很容易忽视世界上的其他国家。

译文：
美国人通常认为他们自己是一个友好的民族。

然而, 与其他文化社会的人们的友谊相比, 美国人的友谊一般比较短暂、随意。

对美国人来说, 一个人一生只有一个亲密朋友是很普遍的，他们把其它的“朋友”只看作是社交场上的熟人。

这种态度可能同美国人的流动性以及这样一个事实有关——美国人不喜欢依赖别人。

美国人趋向于把友谊分类，他们把朋友分为“工作中的朋友”、“垒球队的朋友”和“亲戚朋友”等等。

因为美国是一个非常活跃的社会，总是处于移动和变化中，所以美国人似乎总是在流动。

在这种频繁流动的环境下，美国人有时似乎没有礼貌或耐心。

他们希望尽快了解你，然后转向其它方面。

在交往初期，他们有时会问你一些你觉得很隐私的问题，这绝对没有冒犯的意思，因为他们问这些问题的确是出于兴趣和好奇心，或是他们没有耐心去了解事物的实质。

同样，你也可以这样做。

如果你不了解美国人的某些行为举止或想更多的了解他们，你应毫不犹豫地询问他们。

美国人通常会很热心地向你解释有关他们国家的所有事情，这些你都可能感兴趣。

事实上，他们讲的太多，你也许会听得厌烦，这没关系，因为在交谈中美国人对冷场会感到不自在，比如，他们宁愿谈论天气或最新的体育新闻也不愿冷场。

另一方面，不要以为美国人了解世界地理或国际事务，除非这些事直接涉及到美国。

因为与美国交界的国家不多，所以一些美国人不太关注世上其它国家的事务。