华东理工大学现代基础化学试卷答案

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78.6 100 Ο K = 118.0 100
2
= 0.52
3、解: (1)υ = 0.04×(0.03)2 = 3.6×10-4 mol⋅L-1⋅s-1
t1/2 =
1 1 = = 83.3 s 0.04 × 0.03 k A ⋅ cA 0
(2) υˊ= 0.4×(0.01)2 = 4.0×10-5 mol⋅L-1⋅s-1

PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 开始/mol 0.05 0 0 变化/mol - 0.05×0.4 0.05×0.4 0.05×0.4 平衡/mol 0.03 0.02 0.02 平衡时总摩尔数: N = 0.07 mol 平衡时总压: P = NRT = 0.07×8.314×473 = 275.3 kPa 平衡时各组分分压: 0.03 p(PCl5)= ×275.3 = 118.0 kPa 0.07 0.02 p(PCl3)= p(Cl2)= ×275.3 = 78.6 kPa 0.07 平衡常数:
5 = 0.05 mol⋅L-1 15
[NH 3 ] 0.05 = 1.8×10–5× + 0.5 [NH 4 ]
= 1.8×10–6 mol⋅L-1 J = [Mg2+][OH–]2 = 0.001×(1.8×10–6)2
Ο = 3.2×10–15 < K sp (Mg(OH)2)
无沉淀。
2、解:
= 0.163 + 0.0592 lg
7.25 × 1010 2.09 × 1013
= 0.017 V 1 (–0.122–0.017) lg K Ο = 0.059
K Ο = 4.49×10-3
从计算结果可见游离的 Cu+ 离子不稳定,易歧化为 Cu2+ 及 Cu 。当生成
Cu(NH3) + 2 配离子后其稳定性增强。
1
4、解:
Ο Ο Ο Ο = ∆f H m (CO,g) + ∆ f H m (H2O,g) – ∆ f H m (CO2,g) (1) ∆ r H m
= – 110.5 – 241.8 – (–393.5) = 41.2 kJ⋅mol-1
Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο ∆r Sm = Sm (CO,g) + S m (H2O,g) – S m (CO2,g) – S m (H2,g)
Ο K sp (AgBr) =
5.35 × 10 −13 = 7.31×10 mol⋅L
-7
-1
– Ο 根据 K sp (AgBr) = [Ag+][Br ]
s (AgBr) = [Ag+] =
Ο K sp (AgBr)
[ Br − ]
=
5.35 × 10 −13 0.01
= 5.35×10-11 mol⋅L-1 (3) 根据溶解反应: AgBr + 2S2O32― → [Ag(S2O3)2]3―+ Br― 则平衡时 1.0–2x x x 由题意得:

υ0 c = A0 υA cA
ln

υ0 1.98 × 10 −3 = k×120 = k⋅t , ln υA 1.69 × 10 −3
∴ k = 1.32×10-3 min-1 = 7.92×10-2 h-1 由 k 的量纲可知,该反应为一级反应。
3
(2) 根据一级反应特征得: ln 2 ln 2 = t 1/2 = = 525 min = 8.75 h k 1.32 × 10 −3 (3) ∵
根据
Ο ∆ r Gm = – RT ln K Ο
2
28.5 = – 8.314×298×10-3ln K Ο 1 4 J = 2 = 0.56 1 3
反应逆向进行。
2
K Ο = 1.0×10-5
J > KΟ
试卷 2
五、计算题 1、解: 根据
∆t f = K f ⋅ m
− 2+ E Ο (HgI 2 4 /Hg 2 ) =–0.84 V
(2) 根据
2+ − 2+ Ο + E Ο (HgI 2 4 /Hg 2 ) = E (Hg /Hg 2 ) + 0.0592 lg
[Hg 2+ ] + [Hg 2 2 ]
+ Ο 2− = E Ο (Hg2+/Hg 2 2 ) + 0.0592 lg K 不稳 (HgI 4 )
p CO pΟ Ο K = p CO 2 pΟ
2
根据

2026 α 100 138 = (1 − α ) 2026 10
2
解得 α = 0.885 即平衡时 CO 的摩尔分数为 0.885,CO2 为 0.115。
3、解:(1)根据
υ0 = k c A 0 υA = k c A
第一学期补考试卷
解得
0.238 M ×1000 0.43 = 5.12× 25 × 0.9001 M = 125.9 g⋅mol-1
2
2、解: (1)
CO2(g)+ C(石墨)
2CO(g)
Ο Ο Ο Ο ∆r Hm = 2 ∆f H m (CO,g) – ∆ f H m (石墨) – ∆ f H m (CO2,g)
试卷 1
四、计算题 1、解:
第一学期期终考试试卷
c=
π
RT
=
353 = 1.4×10 -4 mol⋅L-1 8.314 × 298

4.82 c = M = 1.4×10 -4 mol⋅L-1 0.5 M= 2、解: 4.82 = 6.8×10 4 g⋅mol-1 −4 0.5 × 1.42 × 10
E Ο (Fe3+/Fe2+)― E Ο (AgBr/Ag) = 0.700 E Ο (AgBr/Ag) = 0.771―0.700 = 0.071 V
∵ ∴
Ο E Ο (AgBr/Ag) = E Ο (Ag+/Ag) + 0.0592 lg K sp Ο K sp = 5.0×10
–13
6
3、解: (1)

υ0 = k c A 0
cA 0 = 1.98 × 10 3 = 1.5 mol⋅L-1 −3 1.32 × 10
( 或
cA 0
1.98 × 10 3 = ×60 = 1.5 mol⋅L-1 ) −2 7.92 × 10
试卷 3
五、计算题 1、解:
第二学期期终考试试卷
(1) (2)
s (AgBr) =
Ο pH = 14–p K b + lg
所以
[NH 3 ] [NH + 4]
= 14–4.74 + lg
0.103 0.091
= 9.31 计算结果表明,NH3 和 NH4Cl 可组成缓冲溶液,其可缓解少量酸或碱的影 响而维持溶液 pH 值基本不变。 3、解: (1)
Cu2+
Cu+ 42
0.521
设 s (AgBr) = x mol⋅L-1
(1.0 − 2 x )
解得: 即此时
x2
2
= 5.35×10-13×2.88×1013
x = 0.44 s (AgBr) = 0.44 mol⋅L-1
2、解:
Ο (1) pH = 14–p K b = 14 –4.76 = 9.26
(2) 酸碱反应为: NH3⋅H2O + HCl = NH4Cl + H2O 0.1 × 97 0.2 × 3 0.1 × 97 初始浓度/ mol⋅L-1 100 100 100 0 . 1 97 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 97 + 0.2 × 3 × − × × 0 平衡浓度/ mol⋅L-1 100 100 即 0.091 0 0.103
= 172.5–1273×176.5×10-3 = – 52.18 kJ⋅mol-1 (2) 根据
Ο ∆ r Gm = – RT ln K Ο
– 52.18 = – 8.314×1273×10-3 ln K Ο K Ο = 138 (3) 设反应达平衡时 CO 的摩尔分数为 α ,则 CO2 为(1– α )。
+ Hg2+ 0.92 Hg 2 2
Hg
0.85
+ E Ο (Hg 2 2 /Hg) = 2×0.85–0.92 = 0.78 V
– + Hg 2 2 + 4I
− HgI 2 4 + Hg
lg K Ο =
1 + Ο 2− 2+ ( E Ο (Hg 2 2 /Hg)– E (HgI 4 /Hg 2 )) 0.0592 1 − 2+ (0.78– E Ο (HgI 2 lg(2.87×1027) = 4 /Hg 2 )) 0.0592
Cu
E Ο ( Cu2+/ Cu+) = 2×0.342–0.521 = 0.163 V
(2) 2Cu+ lg K Ο = Cu2+ + Cu 1 (0.521–0.163) 0.059
K Ο = 1.1×106
(3) 2Cu(NH3) + 2
+ Cu(NH3) 2 4 + Cu
+ Ο E Ο (Cu(NH3) + 2 /Cu) = E (Cu / Cu) + 0.0592 lg
1 K (Cu(NH 3 ) + 2)
Ο 稳
= 0.521 + 0.0592 lg =–0.122 V
5
1 7.25 × 1010
2+ + + + Ο E Ο ( Cu(NH3) 2 4 / Cu(NH3) 2 ) = E (Cu /Cu ) + 0.0592
Ο + (Cu(NH 3 ) 2 ) K稳 Ο + K稳 (Cu ( NH 3 ) 2 4 )
= 0.84 V
解得
–30 Ο − K 不稳 (HgI 2 4 ) = 1.48×10
7
= 2(– 110.5) – (–393.5) = 172.5 kJ⋅mol-1
Ο Ο Ο Ο ∆r Sm = 2 Sm (CO,g) – S m (CO2,g) – S m (石墨)
= 2×198.0 – 213.5 – 5.7 = 176.5 J⋅mol-1⋅K-1
Ο Ο Ο ∆ r Gm = ∆r Hm – T ∆r Sm
= 197.9 + 188.7– 213.5 – 130.6 = 42.5 J⋅mol-1⋅K-1
Ο Ο Ο ∆ r Gm = ∆r Hm – T ∆r Sm
= 41.2 – 298×42.5×10-3 = 28.5 kJ⋅mol-1
Ο + RT lnJ (2) ∆ r Gm = ∆ r Gm
1 4 -3 = 28.5 +8.314×298×10 ln 2 1 3 = 27.1 kJ⋅mol-1
试卷 4
五、计算题 1、解:
第二学期补考试卷
M((NH4)2SO4) = 132 [Mg2+] = 0.0015× [NH3] = 0.15×
Ο ⋅ [OH–] = K b
[NH + 4 ] = 2×
0.495 1 × = 0.50 mol⋅L-1 132 0.015
10 = 0.001 mol⋅L-1 15
4
所以
Ο pH = 14–p K b + lg
[NH 3 ] [NH + 4]
= 14–4.74 + lg = 9.21
0.091 0.103 NH3 + H2O
― (3) 酸碱反应为: NH + = 4 + OH
初始浓度/ mol⋅L-1 平衡浓度/ mol⋅L-1 即
0.1 × 97 0.2 × 3 0.1 × 97 100 100 100 0.1 × 97 − 0.2 × 3 0.1 × 97 + 0.2 × 3 0 100 100 0.091 0 0.103
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