2020上海高考概要写作summary writing110篇
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)Starting from 2017.the Shanghai English exam will undergo many adjustments。
one of which is the n of summary writing。
also known as "XXX 15 points and tests XXX of students in reading and writing.The given language in summary writing is generally een 200-250 words。
with diverse content including stories。
current events。
and science pXXX。
with a word count requirement of 50-60 words。
The answer should try to meet the requirements of "Key points of a summary".1.n of summary writingXXX。
in one's own words。
of the content of a passage。
article。
XXX.2.Key points of a summaryConciseness: XXX。
ns。
and unimportant n.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness: Include all the main and supporting points in a condensed manner。
using your own words.Accuracy: Give the same n and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence: A summary should be a paragraph with XXX to make it flow。
(完整版)2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found.参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans.崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is amuscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.参考答案：We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)虹口The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled inwhich the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.参考答案：The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.徐汇The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven’t had a chance to evolve, often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.参考答案：Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut downtropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment.（54 words）VI. Guided Writing (25 分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below m Chinese.松江你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家意见：1. 学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum),现场参观并聆听专业讲解员(professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，共计五小时；2. 学校邀.请某知名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史''为主题做讲座，共计两小时。
2020上海高考概要写作summary writing510篇
Exercise 1A father's relationship to his child's current and future academic success and the level of his orher development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with somerather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “lifewith father”has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child's progressor lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study inLondon revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied theirchildren on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved inthose activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，fromthe time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the childrenof actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whoseonly involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played byfathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by thefather than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major rolein parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of onlychild. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father's apparent interestand involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financialcondition of the family，a father's active participation in the child's development made a definitedifference in the child's progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child's level in math and reading, a father's employment onnight shifts appeared to have little effect on the child's academic progress. The informationevaluating the level of the father's parenting performance was taken primarily from theadmittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of thechild's academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father's involvement with children wasaffected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended toprogress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father's frequentovernight absence had a bad effect on the child's progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。
2017~2020年上海高考英语试题概要写作汇总(附参考例文+评分标准)
2017~2020年上海高考英语概要写作汇编2020年秋考Are people unique?It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’.The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. ‘And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings’, said Zuberbuhler.What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique.参考答案：Scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various messages with different calls in and across species. Some birds, like parrots and crows, have the ability to memorize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans.2020年春考Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries (边界) of human invention and innovation —global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.There are now over 8,000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve.Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.参考答案：In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs. They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.2019年秋考Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you’re the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one.Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and once the profits from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about $200 only eight months after its release.Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. In 2006, HD DVDs, a new format（制式）for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with priceydevices that just sat on their shelves collecting dust.Another good reason to resist the early adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has imperfections. For example, when Microsoft’s game machine, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users immediately began to complain of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to these issues. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.So don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.参考答案：It is unwise to be early users of the latest devices. Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon. Finally, the devices are very likely imperfect. Therefore, don’t be early adopters.2019年春考Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate（给...授花粉）large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, beekeepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive（蜂巢）. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories of the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides（杀虫剂）and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.No one knows for sure what causes bees to disappear, but losing bees is very costly for the economy. Bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would affect the quality of food and increase food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.参考答案：Bees are disappearing rapidly. The most persuasive explanation is related to pesticides and their current lifestyle. Now bees have to travel around as beekeepers rent them for pollination. On the way, they may die from stress or food on a diet polluted by pesticides. Whatever the cause, the loss of gees does great harm to the economy. (57w)评分标准：内容5分：包含三个要点（见3分），并对三个要点中的两个进行说明，如1.Now bees have to travel around as beekeepers rent them for pollination.2.They may die from stress on the way.3.They may feed on a diet polluted by pesticides on the way.4分：包含三个要点，并对三个要点中的一个进行说明或包含两个要点，并对两个要点进行说明3分：包含三个要点：1.蜜蜂消失这一现象2.蜜蜂消失的原因3.蜜蜂消失对经济的影响包含两个要点，并对一个要点进行说明2分：包含两个要点1分：包含一个要点语言：1.61-66个词，扣1分；超过66词，扣2分2.连续5个单词抄自原文，扣1分，不重复扣分。
2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编(可编辑修改word版)
It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.
2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语题型训练 : 写作2020 高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （ 10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk,lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots（同胞） onthe other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things whichdidn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up wordswhich they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss ”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语） in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form ofBritish English which has disappearedin Britain. The verbs "guess ”meaning thinkand “ loan ”meaning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds ofyears ago. In the case of “ loan ” , it was used longas ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found.参照答案： Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans.崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidaysso special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is amuscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans andleaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feelinghealthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topicwhen it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyondthe research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arcmore productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees-being is’simpwelly theright thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everydaychallenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just afew things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engagedand happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded byambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challengesyon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts bypaying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a keyingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and inyour personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing toforgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes“ It’ s never too late to say you’ re sorry,” but the same of gratitude. That’ s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.参照答案： We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both ourpersonal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health andmakes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly ，it makes us more likely toforgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)虹口The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school orwork when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered whatwould happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you ’ veexperienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better thanfinished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delayingan action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However,the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just getstarted. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant.In fact, it’ s probably best if it’ s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam.The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. Soinstead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled inwhich the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive （侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that mustbe remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.参照答案： The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students ’study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.徐汇The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is doneto create pasture ( 牧场 ) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的 ) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven ’ t had a chanceoften tolackevolve, defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearanceof certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.参照答案： Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut downtropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment. （54 words）VI. Guided Writing (25分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below m Chinese.松江你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家建议：1. 学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum),现场参观并聆听专业解说员 (professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，合计五小时；2.学校邀 .请某著名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史 ''为主题做讲座，合计两小时。
2020上海高考概要写作summary writing210篇
Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. Allanimals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water coversthree- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink.Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use ofpeople, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Nowfresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing numberof people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the productionof things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasingpopulation tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand,increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available fordiluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complexchemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will containchemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will haveto be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparentthat effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollutionproblem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations haveworked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying tokeep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is beingcollected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water tosatisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：1) With the worldwide increase of要点Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(population，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted bypoisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thusmeasures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and producewater to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。
2020届上海14区高三英语二模汇编：概要写作
2020届宝山区高三英语二模IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every culture has set rules about how people should act. Patterns of good behavior, or manners, show respect and care for others. Yet the details of how to express respect vary.Greeting people cheerfully is almost always considered polite. But it's more important in some cultures than others. For example, when you enter a store in France, you should always greet the person working there. Other cultures also value greeting people. But of course the greetings vary as people speak different languages.When I was growing up in the United States, I once participated in a performance at my church. Afterward, someone gave me a compliment, but I felt like I had done a bad job. So I tried to refuse the compliment, saying, "No, I didn't do that well. " My mother got my attention and told me that was very rude. Later I learned that refusing a compliment is accepted and even approved of in China.Some of the biggest cultural differences have to do with table manners. In North America, it's polite to eat as quietly as possible. That means chewing with your mouth closed and not slurping(吃东西时发出的声音) your soup. The same goes for burping (打嗝). But in parts of Asia slurping shows that you are enjoying your meal. And burping is a sign of being full and content.There are also differences in how people eat across cultures. For example, in North America and Europe people use forks to bring food to their mouths. But in Thailand, a fork is only used to push food onto a spoon. In India and the Middle East, people eat with their hands. But eating with the left hand is forbidden. This is because the left hand is considered unclean.Yet there are also similar points across cultures. Saying "please" and "thank you," for example, is almost always polite. If you show appreciation and try to follow local customs, people will generally respond well. Showing kindness can bring people together, no matter what culture they come from. 71. It's about culture difference. Greeting cheerfully is polite anywhere. Refusing compliments is rude in America but acceptable in China. Making a sound while eating is impolite in North America but not in parts of Asia. For example, people eat differently with people in some areas preferring folks while some with hands. Anyway, similarities still exist like saying "please" and "thank you". (60w)2020届崇明区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.The Role of Humility at WorkThere are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble.Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t about being passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace.A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferry, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.”Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others.71.Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life. (58 words)2020届奉贤区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless. When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak, she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor. She told me,“My floor wasn’t even dirty, but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power, despite the desperate circumstances.”Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away. Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out what you can control and what you can't, it’s easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.Small gestures during hard times gentle worry and concern. Often during emergencies and crises, people start performing acts of kindness at random. Helping others through a crisis by performing good deeds can make you feel in control. The obvious benefit when you reach out to help someone else is that you get a break from your own worries for a while. Contributing, giving, volunteering, donating and performing kind acts, no matter how small or brief, connect you to other people (and animals) in a deeply meaningful, humane way. So practice doing small gestures for others and yourself.Positive action is supposed to be taken to ensure you a sense of control. Make “cans”out of “cannots”and focus on what you can control. Take advantage of this restrictive time to clear clutter out of your basement, pull weeds in the garden, organize drawers, closets, and bookshelves, or get caught up on fun hobbies you've neglected for a while. Focus on a thought, person, pet, or object that stir hope and positivity within you. Hope always exists alongside of despair.For reference:Strengthening or retrieving a sense of control is a natural demand. First, good perspective is of the greatest help, for evaluating the situation properly brings a clearer picture. Second, kind behaviors during tough times can secure you a sense of control as well. Third, actions and thoughts of positivity also help as they may create hope and optimism.It’s essential to feel you can control something in a crisis or emergency. Positive perspective is the most important, since it will ensure you confidence and power to pull through the difficult situation. Then doing small good deeds can free you from worry temporarily by helping others. Lastly, take some positive action to arouse the hope within you.2020届虹口区高三英语二模Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Coco-Cola’s Innovative Solution to Plastic PollutionPlastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons.It’s been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all ?European Union markets by the end of 2021. The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and central cardboard ‘keel’ -- similar to a ship’s keel - that stabilizes the pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single-use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic pollution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.71. Suggested answers:With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creative solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging. (60 words)2020届黄浦区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Does your memory fail as you age?I'm 62 years old. Like many of my friends, I forget names that I used to be able to recall effortlessly. When packing my suitcase for a trip. I walk to the bedroom and by the time I get there, I don't remember what I came for. And yet my long-term memories are perfect. I remember the names of my third-grade classmates, the first record album I bought, my wedding day.This is widely understood to be a classic problem of aging. But the problem is not necessarily age-related I've been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors- loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No.2 pencil; they forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds don't think, "Oh dear, this must be early-onset Alzheimer(早老性痴呆症）.”They think,"I really need to get more than four hours of sleep." The 70-year-olds observe these same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesn't necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account for our subjective experience that older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a generalized cognitive(认知的) slowing with age-but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or piece of information they're looking for. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and information. It's not that you can't remember-you can -it's just that there is so much more information to sort through.71. The author thinks that short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, isn't necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it. The old seem to have a poorer short-term memory because of natural cognitive slowing and too much information to search for. (47 words)2020届金山区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Herbal MedicineHerbal medicine, which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases，such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is that herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives that are not listed on the label. Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses. Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.Herbal medicine, abstracted from entire plants in various forms, is a way to treat some disease. It has more advantages over chemical medicine owing to its better effectiveness and milder side effects. However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages like time-consuming recovery, possible allergy. Therefore, it is advisable for us to use herbs cautiously in case of potentially risky consequences. （59 words）2020届闵行区高三英语二模I.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. V olkow, M.D.“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens.( 要点一) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted bye-cigarettes. (要点四)2020届浦东新区高三英语二模ptier? One thing that has changed is young people’s behavior. The young are heavy bus users when they travel. But, increasingly, they do not travel. According to Transport for London, the average 17 - to 24-year-old took 2.3 transport trips per day in the year 2011- 12 but only 1.7 in 2018 - 19. The National Travel Survey confirms that no group has cut back harder on travel since the early 2000s than teenagers. Young people are more diligent these days, and stay in school for longer. They can do the things that young people love to do on their phones, without going out.The other big bus users are the poor and the old, especially outside London, but both are turning away from buses to cars. Lower lending standards have made cars easier to acquire; a fuel-tax freeze and fuel -saving engines make them cheaper to run. Cars are ever more comfortable and easier to operate, with parking-assist technology and lane-drifting alerts to help starters. Outside London, the average free bus pass was used 90 times in the year 2010-11 but only 74 times in 2018-19, according to the Department for Transport.Finally there is the gig economy（零工经济）. Online shopping and Uber probably substitute of bus trips as well as private car journeys. And they put new vehicles on the roads, which slows everything down. The number of light-goods vehicles in London has risen by 28% since 2012. Tony Travers of the London School of Economics points out that bus speeds have fallen slightly in the capital, even though private cars have almost been cleared up from the city center. The average London bus now travels at 9.3 miles per hour. Just as people become less inclined to run after buses, they are becoming easier to catch.2020届松江区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Now, it may seem strange to learn from someone who writes about pretty dresses every day, but, you don't have to be pretty and you don't have to spare no effort to be pretty just to please others. You don't have to feel bothered for your plain looking that makes you unnoticed. After all, every one of us, whether charming or not, is a drop in the ocean and you don't owe prettiness to anyone.Admittedly, I'm not saying that you shouldn't be pretty if you want to. Being pretty is pleasant, fun, refreshing and satisfying. making people feel delighted and smile at you unconsciously. But in terms of importance, prettiness stands several steps down from happiness, is way below health, and if done as an obligation, can be far away fromindependence.But what does you-don't-have-to-be-pretty mean in everyday terms? It means you don't have to blame your parents for not giving you the world-desired appearance and that you don't have to apologize for wearing things that arc held to be "unflattering" or "unfashionable"-especially if, in fact, they make you happy on some level deeper than just being pretty does. As long as you are clean, covered enough, and have bandaged any open wounds. you can wear any color or style you please, holding your heads high. if it makes you happy.Prettiness, it's sad to say, can have a shelf life. It's so tied up with youth that, at some point (if you're lucky),you're going to have to graduate from prettiness, sometimes before you know it. But you won't even get there if you think you have to follow all the signs that say "this way to prettiness". You get there by travelling the route you find most interesting.You needn't be obsessed with prettiness. Being pretty is inferior to being happy, healthy and independent. In daily life. don't feel sorry for not having pretty appearance or wearing pretty things. You can choose what you like as long as they keep you clean and decent. Prettiness has a lifespan and being yourself is the surest way to it.2020届徐汇区高三英语二模IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Children about ForgivenessIf you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how ter rible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it?Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.Forgiveness is complicated and children’s underst anding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from othe r people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness. (54 words)2020届杨浦区高三英语二模Building a Greener FutureYear after year, Earth’s precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There’s only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That’s what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning.Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected.Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they’re needed.Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don’t just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well.After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step -- the golden rule of sustainable construction.71.Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps protect the environment. First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact. It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials. Lastly, it is important to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost. Therefore, sustainable construction focuses on making the whole building process green. (60)2020届长宁区高三英语二模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, study shows Cold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UK’s official weather service, say that summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change.Climate change is long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned, for example, they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their emissions contribute to climate change.People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse.The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people, animals and landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that were harvested. The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water. There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of the climate change caused by human activities.”A study shows that Scotland is expected to have hotter and drier summers due to global climate change resulting from harmful human activities like greenhouse gases emission. Moreover, it reveals that the dryness and hotness of 2018 summer directly caused disastrous consequences to creatures, vegetation and transportation in Scotland. Actions should be taken before things get worse. （57 words）。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing1(有解析)
Exercise 1With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to £ 240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of £ 233 (3,262 yuan) for men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasn’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only £197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying their Christmas gifts online.参考范文：This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homes for cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of online shopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concern for shopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressure from widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their sales promotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)分析过程：一、试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing4(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1College pays off financially. A wide range of statistics shows the economic advantage of a four-year college education. Over a lifetime, students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not, well over a million dollars more than they would otherwise. But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure? They are equally significant and add up to a lot of value over the course of a lifetime：College takes students to places they’ve never been to before. College is a passport to different places, different times, and different ways of thinking —from learning new languages to considering the development of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter. It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently, seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who populated other eras(时代)）and other lands.College introduces students to people they've never met before. One of the most important ways in which students learn, at colleges and universities everywhere, is by interacting with people who are different from themselves both inside and outside the classroom. Students learn more at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints.In these ways and in so many others, college helps students see themselves differently, giving them the room and the license to imagine new possibilities. Yes, it opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics. But, perhaps even more valuable, it opens minds and worlds in ways that are beyond measurement. The value of higher education is symbolized by people who dream bigger and achieve more, who create their own futures and shape their own futures.参考答案：According to statistics，college makes a great difference to students’ earning power,(要1) while it also contributes to other valuable aspects beyond assessment in life.(要点2) Firstly, college motivates students’ self-realization through various learning activities.(要点3) Secondly, it shapes students’ diverse perspectives by encouraging them to communicate with differentpeople.(要点4) In short, not only does college provide financial opportunities，but it opens up new possibilities.(要点5)分析过程：试题详解：1，核心内容——本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing2(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(要点1) With the worldwide increase ofpopulation，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。
2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作Summary
ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child,s home and family life. Today,s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environment cause of shyness in an individual may be one,s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual,s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.答案：Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56 words)Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘ by rote, as:‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices fora need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While theinternet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself ---with flashcards or by repetition --- is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you,ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, youwill find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.答案：Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learning in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don,t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people,s laughte r is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.答案：Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w) Laughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise^业技能）in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant,s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal -driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.答案：How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers, expectations into consideration.Where Are the Bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinat(给... 授粉)large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.答案：Bees are necessary for people because one third of the food we eat is pollinated by bees. But bees are disappearing because of too much pressure ob beehives in trucks or being killed by pesticides, which may influence the quality of food and increased food prices, and cause great losses to economic development.It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech -lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete废弃的）so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don,t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.答案：Don,t be the first users of the new electronic equipment. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product are with some defects generally. Therefore, don,t be the first to try out the new products.。
2017~2020年上海高考英语试题概要写作汇总(附参考例文+评分标准)
2017〜2020年上海高考英语概要写作汇编2020年秋考Are people unique?It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.Zuberbiililer a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded tliousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that die monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaiung to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a 'krack' alarm call at the sight of tiger However, when they merely repeated calls made by otlier monkeys they added an 4oo\The researchers fbimd that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbelfs monkeys. So they are communicating across species. *And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all die different meanings', said Zuberbuhler.What is also surprising is that signs of mtelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to mtelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of die Massachusetts Iiistimte of Teclinology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelmk, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows （乌鸦）are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed ui non-huinans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengtlis of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.All this is powerful evidence against die idea that people are unique.参考答案：Scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate vanous messages with different calls in and across species. Some birds, like parrots and crows, have the ability to memorize and reason. So language and intelligence are not imique to humans.2020年春考Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we\'e seen a new trend that is pusluiig the boundaries（边界）of human invention and innovation - global cooperation. Scientific and teclinical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from die combmmg of cutting-edge expertise（专业知识）from difiereiit scientific fields.There are now over 8.000 scientific journals worldwide and it is mipossible to be ail expert m all areas. Therefore,in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Teclinology QUT) has made significant breaktliroughs in the field of biomedical enguieeriiig. But he hasn't done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body deliver medicines and then dissolve.Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to 4open-source' the design. He shared his own ideas on die web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the mtemet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, mternational cooperation based on sharmg information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in tlieir garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone's expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today's world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.参考答案：In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a kiiow-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are workmg together to make breaktlirouglis. Tliey also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas infbmiation freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.2019年秋考Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize die main idea and the mam poiiit(s) of the passage m no more tliaii 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Bemg among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you're the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate die costs of this temporary coolness, which tliey pay in more ways than one.Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can. and once the profits from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut die price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. Tins is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about S200 only eight months after its release.Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wastmg money and time on something that will never catch on. Iii 2006, HD DVDs, a new format (制式)for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices tliat just sat on their shelves collecting dust.Another good reason to resist die early adoption temptation is tliat die first version of a product typically has m^erfections. For example, when Microsoft's game maclmie, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users miinediately began to complam of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to tliese issues. Such problems are so common witlinew technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.So don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.参考答案：It is unwise to be early users of the latest devices. Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon. Finally, the deuces are very likely imperfect. Therefore, don't be early adopters.1.在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点A 2.需要说明作者对这一行为的态度（开头结尾皆可）It is unwise.../Don't become...（表述可不相同）如没有表达出这一态度，内容不能拿满分一在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，,根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意一点的具体内容: （1）Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost qui B ckly.（该要点阐述定价高的理由）（2）Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon.（该要点阐述果实很快）（3）Finally, the devices are very r likely imperfect.（该要点阐述设备不完美，如只写“unpaid testers"不准确）一必须准确写出主题句及涵盖三个要点，要点可以不展开1 .主题句中"Early adopters /early users of latest devices”划线部分信息在主题句中没有表述，但下文提及，表述不扣分；但如果下文没有表达清楚是什么的早期使用者术语主题句表述不准确。
2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing5(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。
2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing3(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1概要写作。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps；for there is a companionship of books as well as of men；and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness；amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity(关系）to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is more wisdom in this:“Love me ，love my book. ” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds，ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out(筛选）the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens._参考范文：People should choose the best men and books to be their companion (要点1). And a good book could not only be one of their best friends who is usually a man(要点2)，but also be the bridge of friendships among people(要点3) . Besides，books are considered to be immortal in essence, especially good books(要点4) . Therefore, good books are really important and helpful to all the people(要点5) .分析过程：试题详解1，核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing5(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing3(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1概要写作。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps；for there is a companionship of books as well as of men；and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness；amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity(关系）to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is more wisdom in this:“Love me ，love my book. ” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds，ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out(筛选）the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens.参考范文：People should choose the best men and books to be their companion (要点1). And a good book could not only be one of their best friends who is usually a man(要点2)，but also be the bridge of friendships among people(要点3) . Besides，books are considered to be immortal in essence, especially good books(要点4) . Therefore, good books are really important and helpful to all the people(要点5) .分析过程：试题详解1，核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。
2020上海高考概要写作summary writing210篇
Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. Allanimals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water coversthree- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink.Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use ofpeople, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Nowfresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing numberof people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the productionof things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasingpopulation tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand,increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available fordiluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complexchemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will containchemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will haveto be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparentthat effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollutionproblem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations haveworked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying tokeep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is beingcollected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water tosatisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：1) With the worldwide increase of要点Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(population，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted bypoisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thusmeasures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and producewater to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。
【上海高考概要写作】summarywriting4(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1College pays off financially. A wide range of statistics shows the economic advantage of a four- year college education. Over a lifetime, students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not, well over a million dollars more than they would otherwise. But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure? They are equally significant and add up to a lot of value over the course of a lifetime：College takes students to places they 've never been to before. College is a passport to diffe places, different times, and different ways of thinking —from learning new languages to considering the development of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter.It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently, seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who populated other eras时（代））and other lands.College introduces students to people they've never met before. One of the most important ways in which students learn, at colleges and universities everywhere, is by interacting with people who are different from themselves both inside and outside the classroom. Students learn more at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints.In these ways and in so many others, college helps students see themselves differently, giving them the room and the license to imagine new possibilities. Yes, it opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics. But, perhaps even more valuable, it opens minds and worlds in ways that are beyond measurement. The value of higher education is symbolized by people who dream bigger and achieve more, who create their own futures and shape their own futures.参考答案：According to statistics，college makes a great difference to students ' 要ea1rn） iwngh ipleo iwt er,（also contributes to other valuable aspects beyond assessmenti n life.（要点2） Firstly, college motivates students s'el f-realization through various learning activities.（要点3） Secondly, it shapes students d'iv erse perspectives by encouraging them to communicate with different people.（要点4） In short, not only does college provide financial opportunities ，but it opens up new possibilities.（要点5）分析过程：试题详解：1，核心内容——本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。
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Exercise 1With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot ofpeople. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. Thesedays lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of theInternet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are oftenlower online; you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any productimaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shoppingon the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of onlineshopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of ￡233 (3,262 yuan) for men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the securityof entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shoppingonline has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internetusers still do have security worries but it hasn't slowed down the ever-increasing numbers ofonline shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending perperson on the high street is only ￡197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying theirChristmas gifts online.参考范文：This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homesfor cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of onlineshopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concernforshopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressurefrom widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their salespromotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)分析过程：一、试题详解．1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。
第一段主要讲随着圣诞购物季的到来,今年许多人选择在家网购。
第二段讲了网上购物变得流行的原因。
第三段主要是讲无论男女都热衷网购,不过网购对女士更有吸引力。
第四段主要是讲对网购安全的担忧并未降低网购人数。
第五段主要讲面对网购的冲击,传统商场在圣诞购物季到来时的应对措施——提前打折。
2.写作思路抓住关键信息,理解段落大意。
准确理解文章内容,在此基础上理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的关键。
第一段的主要信息是However后的这句话,其他则是次要信息。
第二段的关键词是popular 和reasons。
第三段信息重点是but 后面的“women are expectedto do more shopping on the Internet than men”。
第四段的关键信息是security 和“ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”,关键信息之间的逻辑关系是转折。
第五段主要信息是“the bargains have come early”及其原因,该段大意需要在理解的基础上进行概括。
确定表达要点,简要提炼概括。
将每段的段落大意都作为表达的要点可以确保不遗漏。
第一段表达要点是“not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping”也可以是“lotsof people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet'',结合背景圣诞购物,概括起来就是“people are doing Christmas shopping online at homerather than leave their homes”。
第二段的表达要点是reasons,可以考虑整合到第一段。
第三段的要点是“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”,利用简化原则,概括起来就是“women spend more than men”。
第四段概括起来核心内容是“securityworries haven't slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”。
第五段要点是“the bargains have come early”和“one victim of the online shopping boom”, 概括起来就是“Because of the popularity of online shopping,the bargains have come early. ”。
Exercise 2The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and hasbecome part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widowspider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northwardinto Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described fromSouth America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical andsubtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, SouthAfrica and Japan.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation withbranches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containerssuch as buckets and nursery pots, entry way corners, storage closets and garages. They chooseplaces that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore ,appear to be athigher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widowspecies. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly becausethe brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat tohumans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that the bitehurt when it was given and it left a red mark.There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals.Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. Therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. Avoiding a mess of thehouse and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items inplastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders.参考范文：The brown widow spider, suspected to develop in Africa and live in tropical and subtropicalcountries and areas,(要点2) has settled in America and has been found enlarging its population in California.(要点1) It has a preference for protected places as their habitats.(要点3) Though it's less dangerous than other widow spiders,it's more exposed to humans.(要点4)Therefore, what we can do is to use insecticides to control them, and reducing clutter around5)要点the house should be another way to get rid of its nests.(分析过程：一、试题详解核心内容本文是一篇说明文,全文共分五段。