(完整版)英语中的后置定语讲义

后置定语

在英语学习过程中，我们经常会遇到修饰名词的成分位于被修饰名词之后，这一点不同于汉语的表达方式。为了使学生能够掌握并习惯英语的表达方式，本文将对英语后置定语作一综述。

一、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语

当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时，修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。例如：

1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。

2)Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事，你还有什么要说的吗？

3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午，一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。

二、形容词作疑问词的后置定语

修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时，修饰语要后置。例如：

1)What important would you like to talk about?你将谈论什么重量的事情？

2)Who else will go with us?还有谁将和我们一起去？

3)Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观？

三、enough作后置定语

enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前，也可以在名词后。例如：

1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。

2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。

但enoush(odv.)修饰形容词或副词时，须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如：good enough （足够好的），large enough（够大的），fast enough（够快），well enough（相当好）。

四、部分副词作后置定语

above（上方的），below（下面的），on（活动，进行，上演），out（外出），back（后面的），away（离开的）等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。例如：

1)The clouds above began to get thicker，上方的云开始密集起来。

2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的平原。

3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出总去看他们。

五、介词短语作后置定语

the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟

the map on the wall墙上的地图

the development of China中国的发展

the standard of living生活水平

the south side of the Changjiang river长江两岸

the way to the hotel去旅馆的路

the life in the future未来的生活

六、动词不定式作后置定语

1.在某些名型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如：

1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。

2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。

3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前，享受在后。

4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。

5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。

6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。

2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如：ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句：

1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗？

2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。

3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利！

4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。

3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句和后置定语。例如：

(1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。

(2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中，她谈到了她的美国之行。

(3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。

另外，动词不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语：

1)She must have time in which to pack.她必须有时间收拾行李。

2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他还有一把防身用的左轮手枪。

3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫长夜可以用来学习。

七、分词短语作后置定语

1.现在分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1)There is a lady asking to see you.有位女士要求见你。

2)The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁边的是我表妹。

3)Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.这儿有一张地图，告诉你怎样去火车站。

2.过去分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1)What did you think of the play put on by the students?你认为学生们上演的话剧怎么样？

2)She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我们自己培养的护士。

3)What is the language spoken in svain?西班牙使用的是什么语言？

3.部分过去分词也可以作后置定语。例如：

left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held, arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed, arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed，等等。例如：

1)Is there anybody injured?有人负伤吗？

2)The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.剩余的钱不够这么多人用的。

3)She liked all the courses offered.她对所开的课程都很喜欢。

4)The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验将我们很有价值。

八、定语从句作后置定语

1)The girl I saw told me to come back today.