五年制《医学免疫学》部分英文答案

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《医学免疫学》习题集(题库+答案)

《医学免疫学》习题集(题库+答案)

word格式精心整理版免疫学习题集和参考答案第一章免疫学发展简史及其展望一、选择题【A型题】1.免疫是指A.机体排除病原微生物的功能B.机体清除损伤和衰老细胞的功能C.机体抗感染的防御功能D.机体识别和排除抗原性异物的功能E.机体识别和清除自身突变细胞的功能2. 最早用人痘苗预防天花的国家是A.法国B.中国C.英国D.美国E.印度3. 免疫对机体是A.有害的B.有利的C.有害无利D.有利无害E.正常条件下有利,异常条件下有害4. 机体免疫监视功能低下时易发生A.肿瘤B.超敏反应C.移植排斥反应D.免疫耐受E.自身免疫病5. 针对特定抗原的免疫应答过强易导致A.肿瘤B.超敏反应C.移植排斥反应D.反复感染E.免疫缺陷病6. 机体抵抗病原微生物感染的功能称为A.免疫监视B.免疫自稳C.免疫耐受D.免疫防御E.免疫调节7. 机体免疫系统识别和清除突变细胞的功能称为A.免疫监视B.免疫缺陷C.免疫耐受D.免疫防御E.免疫调节8. 首次用于人工被动免疫的制剂是A.破伤风抗毒素B.破伤风类素素C.肉毒类毒素D.白喉类素素E.白喉抗毒素9. 首次应用类毒素进行预防接种的科学家是A.PasteurB.BehringC.JennerD.BorderE.Burner10.最早发明减毒活疫苗的科学家是A.JennerB.KochC.PorterD.BurnetE.Pasteur11.英国科学家Jenner发明了A. 白喉抗毒素B.狂犬疫苗C.人痘苗D.牛痘苗E.卡介苗12.创建杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体的学者是A. .Koch和PasteurB. Miller和GoodC. Milstein和KöhlerD. Tislius和KabatE. Porter和Edelman13.最早提出克隆选择学说的科学家是A. BurnetB. BorderC.PorterD. JennerE.Pasteur14.免疫系统的组成是A、中枢免疫器官、周围免疫器官B、免疫细胞、粘附免疫系统、中枢免疫器官C、中枢免疫器官、免疫细胞、皮肤免疫系统D、免疫分子、粘附免疫系统、皮肤免疫系统E、免疫器官、免疫组织、免疫细胞、免疫分子【X型题】1.免疫细胞包括A.淋巴细胞B.单核-巨噬细胞C.抗原提呈细胞D.粒细胞E.红细胞2.下列哪些细胞具有特异性识别抗原的能力?A.巨噬细胞C.B细胞D.NK细胞E.树突状细胞3.下列哪些细胞属于固有免疫应答细胞A.单核-巨噬细胞B.NK细胞C.B细胞D.T细胞E.多形核中性粒细胞4.执行适应性免疫应答的细胞是A. T细胞B. B细胞C. NK细胞D.单核-巨噬细胞E.肥大细胞5.免疫学的研究内容包括A.免疫系统的组成与结构B.免疫系统的功能C.免疫应答的发生机制和过程D.预防、诊断和治疗疾病的免疫学措施E.某些免疫性疾病的发病机制二、名词解释1. 免疫2. 免疫防御3. 免疫监视4. 免疫自稳三、问答题1. 简述免疫系统具有双重功能(防御、致病)的理论基础。

医学免疫学期末试卷及答案(英文)

医学免疫学期末试卷及答案(英文)

SUMC Examination of Infection and Immunity (Part I) For all-English class of Grade 2011 (A)Class Number Name SUMC Examination of Infection and Immunity (Part I)For all-English class of Grade 2011 (A)Class Number NameEach question below contains four or five suggested answers or statements. Choose the best answer for each question. (1 point for each question, totally 100 points). Please answer the questions on Answer Sheet.1. What initiates the classical pathway of complement activation most efficiently?A. IgGB. Mannose-containing bacterial glycolipidsC. Microbial surfaceD. IgM-antigen immune complexE. Endotoxin2. Positive and negative selection processes in the thymus generate a T cell repertoire that is both self-restricted and self-tolerant. This means that the naive T cells which develop have a repertoire of receptors that are specific forA. Nonself antigenic peptides bound to nonself MHC moleculesB. Self antigenic peptides bound to self MHC moleculesC. Self antigenic peptides bound to nonself MHC moleculesD. Nonself antigenic peptides bound to self MHC moleculesE. Any peptide antigen bound to any MHC molecules3. Which “receptor-ligand” pair supplies the crucial second signal for activation of the naive T cell by APC in a secondary lymphoid organ?A. CD80/CD28B. MHC Class II/CD4C. MHC Class I/CD8D. MHC Class II/TCRE. ICAM-1/LFA-24. NK cell expresses a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor that recognizes:A. CD40 moleculesB. MHC Class I moleculesC. MHC Class II moleculesD. Cell adhesion moleculesE. Glycophospholipid molecules5. Antigen-antibody complexes are phagocytosed more effectively in the presence of which complement component?A. C3a and C5aB. C3bC. C5b6789 complexD. MBLE. Properdin6. A 2-year boy presented with a high fever and pain in the ears. A diagnosis of otitis media was established. The fever subsided after treatment with a non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug. Which of the following cytokines is the most likely involved in the development of the boy’s fever?A. Interleukin-1B. Interleukin-2C. Interleukin-4D. Interleukin-10E. Interleukin-127.A 56-year-old female presents with severe jaundice to the local walk-in clinic. History and physical examination reveal blood transfusion history in her twenties. Blood tests reveal elevated AST and ALT levels and the presence of Hepatitis B, and as a result, reduced complement levels. Complement is a series of important host proteins that provide protection from invasion by foreign microorganisms. Which of the following statements best describes complement?A. Complement inhibits opsonizationB. Complement can be triggered by infectious agents in the absence of antibodyC. Complement plays a minor role in the inflammatory responseD. Complement protects the host from viral infection only through C1, C2 and C4E. Pathogens agglutinate in the presence of complement but do not lyse8. A 54-year old male patient visits a physician with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and “swollen glands”. The physician observes that he has an oral yeast infection. An HIV ELISA test for him is positive, and flow cytometry of blood yielded a CD4:CD8 ratio <1. This ratio best represents a major decline in which of the following cell types and its associated cell surface protein?A. B lymphocytes; MHC I, IgM, B7, CD19, CD20B. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MHC I, TCR, CD3C. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MHC II, TCR, CD3, CD28D. Helper T lymphocytes; MHC I, MHC II, CD8, CD79aE. Helper T lymphocytes; MHC I, TCR, CD3, CD289.Cytotoxic T cells of an individual infected with influenza virus destroy target cellsA. from another host infected with poliovirusB. infected with the influenza virus and identical at MHC class I loci of the cytotoxic cellsC. infected with the influenza virus and identical at MHC class II loci of the cytotoxic cellsD. infected with poliovirus and identical at MHC class I loci of the cytotoxic cellsE. infected with poliovirus and identical at MHC class II loci of the cytotoxic cells10.All of the following statements about B-cell antigen-specific receptors are trueexcept:A.surface immunoglobulin synthesized by a given B-cell clone serve as the antigenreceptor for that cloneB.it is likely that different receptor isotypes have different functions on the same cellC.surface immunoglobulin is dimeric and contains only two heavy chainsD.differentiation of immunoglobulin secretion requires further interaction with Tcells of T-cell-derived lymphokinesE.the surface form of the heavy chain of Ig is larger than the secreted form of heavychains of IgG, IgD, or IgA11. The innate immune defense mechanisms constitute the following EXCEPTA.Neutralization of pathogens by natural antibodiesB.I nflammation occurring in early induced innate response within first 4h ofinfectionC.Acute phase response followed by complement activation and phagocytosisD.Inflammation, complement activation, and phagocytosisE.Extracellular and intracellular killing by neutrophils12. Which is NOT a feature of the innate immune system?A.Cytoplasmic PRRs recognize stressed cells or intracellular pathogensB.Membrane-bound PRRs recognize extracellular, not intracellular, pathogensC.Cell surface or soluble PRRs recognize extracellular pathogensD.Soluble PRRs recognize extracellular pathogens onlyE.PRRs provide perfect discrimination of self from nonself13. Cells that are phagocytic at the site of infection but are non-phagocytic APCs in the secondary lymphoid organs areA.MacrophagesB.MonocytesC.Dendritic cellsD.B cellsE.MZ B cells14. The linkage between the innate and adaptive immune responses is enabled by the following immune cells/molecules EXCEPTA.NK cellsB.iNKT cellsC.DCsD.T cellsE.natural antibodies produced by B1 cells15. Co-stimulation of T cells is enabled by the interaction betweenA.LFA-1 and its CD 28 ligand expressed on APCB.LFA-1 and its ICAM-1 ligand expressed on APCC.LFA-3 and its CD28 ligand expressed on APCD.B7 molecules and its CD28 ligand expressed on APCE.ICAM-1 and its LFA-1 ligand expressed on APC16. With regards to antigen recognition, which of the following is correct?A.The innate immune system recognizes conserved PAMPs by using variant AgreceptorsB.The innate-like immune system recognizes conserved PAMPs by using invariantAg receptorC.Both the innate and innate-like immune systems recognize conserved PAMPs byusing invariant Ag receptorsD.The adaptive immune system recognize unique molecular structures by usingvariant Ag receptorsE.The adaptive immune system recognize conserved PAMPs by using variant Agreceptors17. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Naïve B cells can capture antigens and present them to their cognate T cells in thesite of infection.B.Naïve B cells usually capture antigens in the site of infection and present them totheir cognate T cells in the lymph nodes.C.Naïve B cells encounter their specific antigens trapped on subcapsular DCs in theprimary lymphoid follicles.D.Naïve B cells always capture antigens specifically and present them to theircognate T cells specifically.E.Naïve B cells can capture antigens specifically or non-specifically but alwayspresent them specifically to their cognate T cells.18. Immunological memory is generated in response toA.Infections with intracellular pathogensB.Infections with pathogens carrying TI antigensC.Infections with pathogens carrying TD antigensD.Repeat exposure to pathogens carrying TD antigensE.Any infection that can induce inflammation19.Contraction is the immunoregulatory process to reset the activated immune response to the resting state after clearance of the antigen. Which is achievable by thefollowings EXCEPT?petitive Ag-binding by secreted Abs and BCRB.Antibody feedback regulation via cross-linking of IgFcR and BCRC.Regulation by Treg and BregD.Down regulation of MHC-I expression in infected host cellsE.Neuroendocrine regulation via down-regulation of Ab production and cytokinesynthesis20. Immune tolerance is the mechanism to protect self from being attacked by own immune system. Among the tolerance mechanisms, which is INCORRECT?A.Positive selection in central tolerance is to eliminate self-peptide-reacting T cells.B.Receptor editing is to rescue self-MHC-reacting B and T cells.C.Peripheral anergy is induced by Ag recognition without co-stimulatory signal(e.g., CTLA-4).D.Apoptosis via Fas-FasL pathway is due to chronic Ag stimulation.E.Follicular exclusion of naïve B cells leads to apoptosis from lack of survivalsignal.21. The following molecules are encoded by MHC genes, exceptA. -2 microglobulinB. chain of HLA-IC. chain of HLA-IID. chain of HLA-IIplement C22. The key molecule for presenting exogenous antigen isA.CD1B.MHC-IC.MHC-IID.CD4E.CD823. The most important function of MHC molecules is toA.induce the graft rejectionB.induce the immune toleranceC.present protein antigens to T cellsD.restrict the interaction between immune cellsE.induce the maturation of T cells24. Which molecule(s) are expressed on the resting T cell surface?A.MHC-I moleculeB.MHC-II moleculeC.MHC-I & MHC-II moleculesD.MHC-I , MHC-II & MHC-III moleculesE.None of them25. Which structures are the antigen binding cleft for HLA-II?A.B.C. mD.E.26.Passive immunizationA. Provides long-lasting protectionB. Provides protection without hypersensitivityC. is the only way to treat humans exposed to rabiesD. provides immediate protectionE. employs sensitized T cells27. A 9-year-old male child is brought to an emergency room with a 2-day history of fever, blood in the urine, and a puffy face. He complained of a sore throat some 13 days earlier but received no medical attention. On examination, he is febrile, has periorbital and ankle edema, and slightly elevated blood pressure. Laboratory tests showed erythrocytes and granular casts in the urine, reduced glomerular filtration rate, reduced C3 level, and elevated anti-streptolysin O titer. Throat culture yielded Streptococcus pyogenes. The most likely diagnosis of this patient isA. kidney cancerB. urinary tract infectionC. scarlet feverD. infectious mononucleosisE. acute glomerulonephritis28.Which of the following contributes to the killing of phagocytosed facultative intracellular pathogens?A. rapid phagosome-lysosome fusionB. the inability of the pathogens to escape from the phagosomes into the cytoplasmic space where microbicidal systems are absentC. rapid acidification of intracellular pHD. the absence of protective layers resistant to lysosomal enzymesE. all of the above29. AnaphylotoxinsA. cause enhanced capil1ary permeabilityB. produce edemaC. induce smooth muscle contractionD. cause hypotensionE. all of the above30. Which of the following statements concerning rheumatic fever is true?A. it usually affects elderly adults aged 50 to 70 yearsB. it is a complication of β-hemolytic streptococcal infectionC. it is caused by immediate hypersensitivity to streptococciD. it occurs as a complication of viral pharyngitisE. all of the above31. A man with blood group phenotype ABA. is classified as a universal donorB. may be given blood type AB, A, or B, but not type OC. has anti-A and anti-B in his serumD. has A and B antigen in his red blood cellsE. may donate his blood to individuals with blood group phenotype O32. The development of immune complex disease depends on the ability ofA. an immune complex to form or deposit at a fixed tissue site, and then activatethe complement systemB. neutrophils to release abundant interleukin-lC. phagocytes to rapidly clear circulating immune complexD. macrophages to produce excessive hydrolytic enzymesE. T cells to release a large quantity of tissue necrosis factor33. Phagocytes of children suffering from chronic granulomatous disease are deficient inA. nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidaseB. myeloperoxidaseC. phagosome-lysosome fusionD. lysosomal enzymesE. chloride ion uptake34. The major mechanism of host resistance to tuberculosis isA. humoral antibodiesB. delayed hypersensitivityC. high level of calcium in serumD. increased microbicidal activity of activated macrophagesE. massive proliferation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes35. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxisA. measures antigen-specific IgE by intradermal injectionB. is used to determine type IV hypersensitivityC. is mediated by the C5 component of complementD. cannot be performed in atopic individualsE. can be performed with IgE that has been heated at 56°C for 30 minutes36. Arthus hypersensitivityA. occurs 2 to 4 days after antigen challengeB. is not mediated by complement-fixing IgGC. produces cell death and extensive local destructionD. cannot be manifested in the absence of high levels of IgEE. does not require the intervention of natural killer cells37. The maximal reaction time for tuberculintype hypersensitivity isA. 2 to 5 hoursB. 6 to 10 hoursC. 12 to 20 hoursD. 48 to 72 hoursE. at least 4 days38. Type II hypersensitivityA. is antibody-independentB. is complement-independentC. does not involve killer cellsD. requires immune-complex formationE. is antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity39. Grossly elevated serum levels of IgE can be found inA. tuberculosisB. leprosyC. brucellosisD. parasitic infestationsE. Arthus hypersensitivity40. Type IV hypersensitivityA. cannot be transferred from one individual to another by serumB. runs parallel with protective immunityC. involves only TH cell types at the reaction siteD. can be divided into two types of delayed hypersensitivity reactionsE. cannot be elicited without histamine41. A macrophage ingests a virion and degrades it so that viral capsid peptides can be linked to class I HLA heavy chains and β2-microglobulin. This trimer is transported to the macrophage cell surface and displayed. Which of the following cell types has receptors that can interact with the displayed MHC-peptide complex?A. NK cellB. CD8+ lymphocyteC. Langerhans cellD. Mast cellE. Neutrophil42. In a study that examines granuloma formation in the lung in response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,it is observed that cells within the granuloma express MHC class II antigens.These cells elaborate cytokines that promote fibroblastic production of collagen within the granuloma. These class II antigen-bearing cells are most likely derived from which of the following peripheral blood leukocytes?A. NeutrophilB. MonocyteC. B cellD. Natural killer cellE. Basophil43. Over the past week, a 35-year-old man has experienced nausea and vomiting and has become mildly icteric.On physical examination,his temperature is37.4°C. Laboratory studies show serum AST of 208 U/L and ALT of 274 U/L. Serologic findings for HBsAg (surface antigen of Hepatitis type B virus) and HBcAb (core antibody of Hepatitis type B virus) are positive. A liver biopsy specimen examined microscopically shows focal death of hepatocytes with a portal infiltrate composed mainly of lymphocytes. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which the liver cell injury occurs under these conditions?A. Recognition of HBsAg by the CD8 molecule of T cellsB. Recognition of an antigenic peptide presented by MHC class I molecules to natural killer cellsC. Recognition of an antigenic peptide presented by MHC class I molecule to CD8+ cellsD. Destruction of HBsAg-expressing cells by anti-HBs IgG antibodyE. Apoptosis of the liver cells by cytokines released by activated macrophages44. The figure below represents an Ouchterlony radial immunodiffusion test.The antigen in Well 1 has two different epitopes (anti-genic determinant groups), A and B; the antigen in Well 2 also has two epitopes, A and C. Well 3 contains which of the following?A. Antibody to A onlyB. Antibodies to A and BC. Antibodies to A and CD. Antibodies to B and CE. Antibodies to A, B, and C45. A 22-year-old man has had a urethral discharge for the past week. A culture of the exudate from the urethra grows Neisseria gonorrhoeae. He is treated with penicillin G, but within minutes after injection, he develops itching and erythema of the skin. This is quickly followed by severe respiratory difficulty with wheezing and stridor. Which of the following immunoglobulins has most likely become attached to the penicillin G and mast cells to produce these symptoms?A. IgAB. IgGC. IgMD. IgDE. IgE46. Agammaglobulinemias result from the absence of antibodies due to mutations ofB lymphocytes. People who lack antibodies have an increased risk forA. recurrent viral infectionsB. recurrent infections by extracellular bacteriaC. recurrent viral infections and infections caused by extracellular bacteriaD. recurrent infections by fungi and virusesE. nothing, because the immune system has redundant mechanisms that make up for the lack of antibodies47. A child who has had one previous immunization against tetanus is given the second immunization in the recommended series, three months later. In what way would you expect the immune response to the second immunization to differ most significantly from the response to the first?A. The second response will be slower, but more prolonged.B. The second response will be larger, but shorter.C. The second response will produce more antibody, but after a longer lag.D. The second response will be primarily cell-mediated, the first primarily antibody-mediated.E. The second response will produce a higher ratio of IgG to IgM.48. A formula-fed, 1-month-old boy is exposed to his sister, who has chickenpox. He does not develop signs of varicella. His mother had the infection 5 years ago. Which class of immunoglobulins did he acquire from his mother in utero that protected him from this virus?A. IgAB. IgDC. lgED. lgGE. IgM49. A 19-year-old college student develops a rash. She works part-time in a pediatric AIDS clinic. Her blood is drawn and tested for specific antibody to the chickenpox virus (varicella-zoster). Which of the following antibody classes would you expect to find if she is immune to chickenpox?A. IgAB. IgDC. IgED. IgGE. IgM50. To assess the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurring during the future pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman, a clinician sends a sample of serum for detection of anti Rh-blood group antibodies. The laboratory performs an indirect Coombs’ test by mixing the patient’s serum with Rh-positive RBCs and then adding an anti-IgG antibody. In doing so, the laboratory technician observes agglutination of the RBCs. After receiving this test result, the clinician would be correct to conclude which of the following?A. The Coombs’ test yielded a negative result, and therefore the mother does not have anti-Rh antibodiesB. The laboratory performed the test incorrectly; they should have mixed the patient’s serum with Rh-negative rather than Rh positive RBCsC. The patient has had previous pregnancies and all of her children are Rh-negativeD. The presence of anti-Rh antibodies in the patient’s serum suggests that she has been pregnant with an Rh-positive fetusE. The patient is currently pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus51. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitides both possess a polysaccharide outer capsule. Effective vaccination against these species results in the generation ofantibodies that recognize this polysaccharide capsule. Which of the following best explains why the childhood vaccines for H. influenzae type B and N. meningitides serogroup C are composed of a polysaccharide coat conjugated to a protein carrier?A. The protein carrier increases the half-life of the vaccineB. The protein carrier increases the production of IgE immunoglobulins, which confer protectionC. The protein carrier is added to recruit T lymphocyte help and increase antibody productionD. The protein carrier makes the vaccine less virulent and thus decreases the risk of a child developing disease from the immunizationE. The protein carrier plays no role and is included only for ease of preparation52. A superantigen is a bacterial product thatA. binds to B7 and CD28 costimulatory moleculesB. binds to the beta chain of TCR and MHC class II molecules of APC stimulating T cell activationC. binds to the CD4+ molecule causing T cell activationD. is presented by macrophages to a larger-than-normal number of T helper CD4+ lymphocytesE. stimulates massive amounts of IgG synthesis because of its large size53. In parasitology, the term paratenic describes a host that is not necessary for the development of a particular species of parasite, but nonetheless may happen to serve to maintain the life cycle of that parasite such asA. Mammals harbor the sparganum of Spirometra masoniB. Sandflies harbor the promastigoteC. Humans infected with bladder wormD. Fish infected with metacercaria of liver flukeE. Mosquito infected with malarial gametocytes54.Transmission caused by ingestion of metacercariae in uncooked fish (Drying, smoking, salting, and pickling can not kill metacercariae), most prevalence in Asia, especially in some rural areas,fish ponds are fertilized with human feces.This description is aboutA. Schistosome epidemiologyB.Clonorchis sinensis epidemiologyC.Paragonimus westermani epidemiologyD.Fasiolopsis buski epidemiologyE.Spiromitra masoni epidemiology55. Which of the following statements about Nematode is INCORRECT?A. They are elongate, cylindrical worms, frequently attenuated at both endsB. They are dioeciousC. The male frequently smaller than the femaleD. The digestive tract is incomplete without anal openingE. Parasites of humans include intestinal and tissue-inhabiting species56. A 48-year-old Cantonese found a segment purged out from his anus and then bought it to see doctor, it is a gravid segment and stained with Indian ink and then Lab identification found there are 17 lateral branches of uterus at one side and 23 branches on the other lateral side of the uterus. Which of the following may be the cause of infection?A. Eaten pork with cysticercus cellulosaeB. Eaten measly beefC. Eaten undercooked fishD. Eaten viscera of goats with hydatid cystE. Eaten copepods with Cysticercoid57. Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship inwhichA. Neither member benefitsB. One member benefits and the other is harmedC. Both members are harmedD. One member benefits but the other is not harmedE. Both members benefit58. The malegametes in malarial parasites are calledA. IsogametesB. MacrogametesC. MegagametesD. MicrogametesE. Polar gamete59. In the life cycle of malaria parasites which stage follows the oocystA. MicrogameteB. SporozoiteC. TrophozoiteD. MerozoiteE. Schizont60. The life cycle of malaria has four phases includingA. One asexual and three sexualB. Two asexual and two sexualC. One sexual and three asexualD. All sexualE. All asexual61. Fatty diarrhea associated with malabsorption syndrome is more likely caused by which of the following protozoa ?A. Entamoeba coliB. Entamoeba histolyticaC. Giardia lambliaD. Leishmania braziliensisE. Trichomonas vaginalis62.In the life cycle of pseudophyllidean tapeworms which is the stage immediately preceding the adult?A. ProcercoidB. CysticercoidC. CercariaD. Plerocercoid (sparganum)E. Cysticercus63The egg of pseudophyllidean tapeworms hatch to give aA. MiracidiumB. OnchomiracidiumC. CoracidiumD. AcanthorE. Planula64. In man, the plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra mansoni cause a disease calledA. SparganosisB. CysticercosisC. HydatidosisD. AcanthosisE. Osseous disease65. The cystic stage of the tapeworm Echinoccocus granulosus is called a A. PolycercusB. CysticercoidC. ProcercoidD. HydatidE. Plerocercoid66. In the life cycle of paragonimus westermani, what stage emerges from the egg?A. SporocystB. RediaC. Daughter sporocystD. MiracidiumE. Cercaria67. During their life cycle nematodes nearly always haveA. 3 moults and 3 larval stagesB. 4 moults and 3 larval stagesC. 4 moults and 4 larval stagesD. 2 moults and 3 larval stagesE. 3 moults and 2 larval stages68. M. F., a 40-year-old, returns home to New York following a 2-week travel to Kenya.She started chloroquine anti-malarial prophylaxis2weeks prior to her departure for Kenya and continued throughout her foreign travel. She stopped taking the pills on her arrival home. Two weeks after her return she develops paroxysmal fever and diaphoresis and is quickly hospitalized with febrile convulsions, jaundice, and anemia. Blood smears reveal red blood cells multiply infected with delicate ring-like trophozoites and rare sausage-shaped gametocytes. The stage of the parasite life cycle that is responsible for the appearance of the parasites 2 weeks after departure from the malarious area is theA. HypnozoiteB. SporozoiteC. Erythrocytic schizontD. Exoerythrocytic schizontE. Merozoite69. At a school nurse's request, a clinic in rural South Carolina sees a 9-year-old girl who appears listless and inattentive, although hearing and visual testing has been within normal limits. The physician finds the child thin,with the"potbelly"of malnutrition, and orders a fecal exam and CBC (complete blood count). The CBC reveals a microcytic,hypochromic anemia,and the fecal exam detects brownish nearly colorless, oval nematode eggs approximately 65 microns in size, and several egg cells inside the transparent shell, too numerous to count. What was the most likely means by which this child was infected?A. Ingestion of eggsB. Ingestion of larvaeC. Ingestion of cysts in muscleD. Skin penetration by larvaeE. Mosquito transmission of sporozoites70. A 35-year-old Captain in the Army Reserves has been plagued by a painful, erosive lesion near his ear lobe since his return from Operation Desert Storm severalyears ago. He denies exposure to the toxic by-products of burning oil fields. Punch biopsy of the leading edge of the erosion reveals macrophages distended with oval amastigotes. How was this infection acquiredA. Bite of sandflyB. Bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoC .Bite of infected reduviid bugD. Fecal contamination of foodE. Contact with contaminated drinking water71. A group of seven college students undertake to climb Mt. Rainier outside Seattle on their spring break. They pack food and camping provisions except for water, which they obtain from the many fresh mountain streams that arise from the summit. The adventure takes a little over a week to accomplish, and all return safely and in good spirits to their classes the following week. Within the first week after their return, 6 of the 7students report to the infirmary with profuse diarrhea and tenesmus. Each affected student experiences weakness and weight loss and stool samples submitted to the lab are yellow, greasy, and foul smelling. What attribute of this parasite imparts its pathogenicity?A. Ventral sucking discsB. Lytic enzymesC. FlagellaD. EncystmentE. Toxic metabolites72. Reduviid bugs are also known asA. Laughing bugsB. Hissing bugsC. Kissing bugsD. Tickling bugsE. Hairy bugs73. Trypanosoma brucei is the pathogen of African trypanosomiasis transmitted byA. Warble flyB. MosquitoC. Sand flyD. Bed bugE. Tsetse fly74. Which of the following diseases is not transmitted via the mouthparts of an infected insect?A. American trypanosomiasisB. African trypanosomiasisC. FilariasisD. River blindness。

医学免疫英语试题及答案

医学免疫英语试题及答案

医学免疫英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?A. Complement systemB. Phagocytic cellsC. Physical barriersD. Antibodies2. The primary function of the spleen in the immune system is:A. To produce antibodiesB. To filter bloodC. To store white blood cellsD. To synthesize cytokines3. What is the process by which the adaptive immune system recognizes and remembers pathogens?A. InflammationB. Immunological memoryC. HypersensitivityD. Autoimmunity4. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is involved in:A. Cell adhesionB. Antigen presentationC. Immune cell signalingD. All of the above5. Which type of T cell is responsible for cytotoxic activity?A. Helper T cellsB. Cytotoxic T cellsC. Regulatory T cellsD. Memory T cells二、填空题(每题2分,共10分)6. The first line of defense in the immune system includes physical barriers such as the _______ and the _______.7. The process of an antigen binding to a specific B cell receptor triggers the B cell to _______ and differentiateinto _______ or _______.8. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical _______ and twoidentical _______.9. The _______ is a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response.10. Vaccines are used to prevent infectious diseases by stimulating the production of _______ without causing the disease.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)11. Describe the role of cytokines in the immune response.12. Explain the concept of antigen presentation and its importance in the adaptive immune system.13. What are the differences between active and passive immunity?14. Discuss the potential risks and benefits of using immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation.四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)15. Discuss the mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune responses and how they complement each other.16. Analyze the role of the immune system in autoimmune diseases and the strategies for their treatment.答案:一、选择题1. D. Antibodies2. B. To filter blood3. B. Immunological memory4. B. Antigen presentation5. B. Cytotoxic T cells二、填空题6. skin, mucous membranes7. proliferation, plasma cells, memory B cells8. heavy chains, light chains9. T lymphocyte10. antibodies三、简答题11. Cytokines are small proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling and communication during the immune response. They can regulate inflammation, activate immune cells, and stimulate the production of other cytokines.12. Antigen presentation is the process by which antigens are displayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by T cells. This is essential for initiatinga specific immune response against a pathogen.13. Active immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination and leads to the development ofimmunological memory. Passive immunity is temporary and involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, often through injection.14. Immunosuppressive drugs can prevent organ rejection in transplant patients but also increase the risk of infections and malignancies due to their suppressive effect on the immune system.四、论述题15. The innate immune response is the first line of defense and acts quickly to limit the spread of pathogens. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, and cellular responses. The adaptive immune response is slower but more specific and can develop immunological memory. Both systems work together to provide a comprehensive defense against pathogens.16. The immune system in autoimmune diseases mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Treatment strategies include immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the immune response, targeted therapies to address specific immune cells or molecules, and symptom management to alleviate the effects of the disease.。

医学免疫学试题样本和答案

医学免疫学试题样本和答案

医学免疫学试题样本一、名词解释(翻译并解释,每小题3分,共15分)1、CM(cell adhesion molecules)黏附分子:是众多介导细胞间或细胞与细胞外基质间相互接触和结合分子的统称A2、ADCC(antibody-deppendent-mediated cytotoxicity)3、TD-Ag(Thymus dependent antigen)4、Adjuvant佐剂:与抗原一起或预先注射,增强免疫应答或改变应答类型。

5、Epitope表位,Ag分子中决定Ag特异性的特殊化学基团二选择题:(每题只选一个最佳答案,每题1分,共30分)1、免疫对机体是(C)A、有害的B、有利的C、正常条件下有利,异常条件下有害D、有利无害E、有害无利2、不成熟B细胞表达的mIg主要为()A、mIgAB、mIgMC、mIgDD、mIgGE、mIgE3、免疫系统的组成是()A、中枢免疫器官、周围免疫器官B、免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子C、中枢免疫器官、免疫细胞、皮肤免疫系统D、免疫分子、黏膜免疫系统、皮肤免疫系统E、免疫细胞、黏膜免疫系统、中枢免疫器官4、科学家Jenner发明了()A、白喉抗毒素B、狂犬疫苗C、人痘苗D、牛痘苗E、卡介苗5、关于抗体,下列描述错误的是()A、抗体都是体外产生的B、抗体主要存在于血液、体液、黏膜表面及分泌液中C、抗体是能与相应抗原特异性结合的球蛋白D、抗体都是免疫球蛋白E、抗体是指具有免疫功能的球蛋白6、抗体与抗原结合的部位是()A、CH区B、VH区C、VH与VL区D、VL区E、CL区7、在种系发生过程中最早出现的Ig是()A、IgGB、IgDC、IgED、IgME、IgA8、补体三条激活途径的共同点是()A、所需离子相同B、参与的补体成分相同C、C3转化酶的组成相同D、具有共同的末端通路即MAC的形成及其溶解细胞效应相同E、激活物质相同9、与mIg共同组成BCR复合物的是()A、CD19和CD21B、CD28和CD152C、CD79a和CD79bD、CD80和CD86E、CD40和CD40L10、下列物质中,属分泌型模式识别受体的是()A、α-防御素B、甘露糖受体C、乳铁蛋白D、C-反应蛋白E、Toll样受体11、与抗原结合后,激活补体能力最强的Ig是()A.IgG2B.IgG3C.IgED.SIgAE.IgM12、胸腺是()A.外周免疫器官B.T细胞与外来特异性抗原相遇的场所C.中枢免疫器官D.B细胞获得抗原特异性受体的场所E.巨噬细胞发育成熟的场所13、有多个重复B表位的抗原是:()antigenD.构象决定基E.线性决定基14、哪两类Ig的H链有4个CH功能区:()A.IgA和IgGB.IgE和IgMC.IgD和IgGD.IgA和IgME.IgD和IgE15、直接特异杀伤靶细胞的是:()A.巨噬细胞B.Tc细胞C.中性粒细胞D.NK细胞E.B细胞16、抗体参与哪组超敏反应()A.I/II/III型超敏反应B.II/III/IV型超敏反应C.III/IV型超敏反应D.I/IV型超敏反应E.II/IV型超敏反应17、不属于CK特性的是()A、重叠性B、拮抗性C、特异性D、多效性E、协同性18、在移植排斥反应过程中,T细胞识别同种异型抗原的直接识别特点是:()A.识别经处理的MHC抗原B.APC为受者的APCC.引起的移植排斥反应较弱D.识别未经加工处理的MHC抗原E.以上都不是19、半抗原:()A.只有和载体结合后才能和抗体分子特异结合B.是大分子物质C.通常是多肽D.本身没有免疫原性E.本身没有抗原性20、与初次体液免疫应答相比,再次免疫应答具有的特征是:()A.较长的潜伏期B.抗体滴度下降迅速C.抗体亲和力增加D.主要是IgME.以上都不是21、婴幼儿易发中枢神经系统感染,是由于()A、血-脑屏障尚未发育完善所致B、化学屏障发育尚未完善所致C、微生物屏障尚未发育完善所致D、物理屏障发育尚未完善所致E、血-胎屏障尚未发育完善所致22、属于CXC趋化性细胞因子,对中性粒细胞具有趋化作用的IL是()A、IL-1B、IL-2C、IL-3D、IL-4E、IL-823、血清中检出高效价抗核抗体多见于()A、重症肌无力B、甲状腺肿大C、自身免疫性溶血性贫血D、系统性红斑狼疮E、多发性骨髓瘤24、关于自身免疫叙述正确的是()A、导致组织损伤并引起临床症状B、健康个体不出现C、机体对自身抗原不应答D、是对机体有害的免疫应答E、产生自身抗体和(或)自身反应性T细胞25、抗体抗肿瘤的机制不包括()A、增强抗体B、ADCCC、调理作用D、CDCE、封闭肿瘤细胞上的转铁蛋白受体26、NK杀伤瘤细胞的机制不包括()A、ADCCB、CDCC、诱导瘤细胞凋亡D、释放穿孔素E、释放IL-2、IFN-γ27、对HLA基因复合体描述错误的是()A、位于第6号染色体短臂B、每个Ⅱ类基因亚区又有二个或二个以上功能基因座位C、经典的Ⅰ类基因包括A、B、C三个座位D、Ⅱ类基因由DP、DQ、DR三个亚区组成E、专门编码人类白细胞抗原28、抗原肽中与HLA肽结合区结合的氨基酸称为()A、锚定残基B、可变区C、Ig样区D、共同基序E、跨膜区29、具有抗原提呈功能的细胞是()A、T细胞B、中性粒细胞C、血小板D、巨噬细胞E、红细胞30、不属于MHC经典Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类基因的是()A、HLA-AB、HLA-BC、HLA-ED、HLA-DRE、HLA-C三、填空题(每题1分,共20分)1、GVHR常见于________移植后。

医学免疫学英语试题 (2)

医学免疫学英语试题 (2)

医学免疫学英语试题问题一:什么是免疫学?免疫学是研究生物体对抗疾病和损伤的自然防御系统的科学。

它研究免疫系统的结构、功能、调节和异常状态,以及与疾病的关系。

免疫学的研究范围包括病原体感染、自身免疫疾病、免疫缺陷病、炎症、肿瘤免疫和疫苗学等。

问题二:什么是免疫系统?免疫系统是一组组织、细胞和分子,它们共同协作以防御病原体、抵抗感染和维持身体内部的稳定状态。

免疫系统由两个主要部分组成:先天免疫系统和获得性免疫系统。

先天免疫系统即是与生俱来的非特异性免疫反应,如皮肤、黏膜和巨噬细胞等。

获得性免疫系统是逐渐在个体生命周期中发展起来的具有特异性的免疫反应,如淋巴细胞和抗体等。

问题三:什么是免疫记忆?免疫记忆是指免疫系统对先前暴露过的病原体产生的特异性免疫反应。

免疫记忆是免疫系统的重要特性,它使得免疫系统对于再次遭遇同一病原体时能够更快、更有效地作出免疫应答。

免疫记忆通过形成记忆细胞来实现,这些细胞能够长期存活并在需要时重新激活。

问题四:什么是免疫系统的调节?免疫系统的调节是指免疫反应的平衡和调节,以保持免疫系统的稳定状态。

免疫系统需要在免疫应答和免疫耐受之间保持平衡。

免疫应答是免疫系统对于感染和疾病的防御反应,而免疫耐受是免疫系统对于自身组织以及无害抗原(如食物、花粉等)的容忍。

免疫系统的调节是通过多种调节机制实现的,包括免疫细胞之间的相互作用、细胞因子的调节和免疫抑制细胞的作用等。

问题五:什么是免疫缺陷病?免疫缺陷病是指免疫系统缺陷引起的疾病。

免疫缺陷病分为先天性免疫缺陷病和获得性免疫缺陷病两类。

先天性免疫缺陷病是由于先天遗传缺陷导致免疫系统功能异常,如先天性免疫缺陷综合征、严重联合免疫缺陷病等。

获得性免疫缺陷病是由于其他因素引起免疫系统功能受损,如艾滋病、白血病、放疗和化疗等。

免疫缺陷病患者对感染的易感性增加,且易出现反复、严重的感染,需要长期接受免疫支持治疗。

问题六:什么是疫苗?疫苗是一种预防性医疗措施,通过引入微生物的抗原成分,以激活免疫系统产生特异性免疫应答。

五年制《医学免疫学》n Immunoregulation 2014

五年制《医学免疫学》n Immunoregulation 2014
Negative immunoregulation • Ag-Ab complex enhance opsonization of phagocytes,
result in Ag clearance • IgG compete with BCR to bind Ag • The Fc fragment of Ag-Ab complex bind to FcγRIIB
Regulation of Ag Regulation of Ab Regulation of inflammatory factor and CK Regulation of Complement Regulation of activation and inhibitor receptor
7
2. Regulation of antibody
Immunoregulation and Disease: Since immune regulation is achieved at many different levels by different mechanisms, any defect in this system will cause an immune disorder.
Regulation of Ag Regulation of Ab Regulation of inflammatory factor and CK Regulation of Complement Regulation of activation and inhibitor receptor
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Part I Regulation on molecular level
Regulation of immune complex: IgM, IgG Regulation of idotype-anti-idiotype network

《医学免疫学》习题集(题库 答案).

《医学免疫学》习题集(题库 答案).

《医学免疫学》习题集(题库答案).第一章免疫学发展简史及其展望一、选择题【A型题】1.免疫是指A.机体排除病原微生物的功能B.机体清除损伤和衰老细胞的功能C.机体抗感染的防御功能D.机体识别和排除抗原性异物的功能E.机体识别和清除自身突变细胞的功能2. 最早用人痘苗预防天花的国家是A.法国B.中国C.英国D.美国E.印度3. 免疫对机体是A.有害的B.有利的C.有害无利D.有利无害E.正常条件下有利,异常条件下有害4. 机体免疫监视功能低下时易发生A.肿瘤B.超敏反应C.移植排斥反应D.免疫耐受E.自身免疫病5. 针对特定抗原的免疫应答过强易导致A.肿瘤B.超敏反应C.移植排斥反应D.反复感染E.免疫缺陷病6. 机体抵抗病原微生物感染的功能称为A.免疫监视B.免疫自稳C.免疫耐受D.免疫防御E.免疫调节7. 机体免疫系统识别和清除突变细胞的功能称为A.免疫监视B.免疫缺陷C.免疫耐受D.免疫防御E.免疫调节8. 首次用于人工被动免疫的制剂是A.破伤风抗毒素B.破伤风类素素C.肉毒类毒素D.白喉类素素E.白喉抗毒素9. 首次应用类毒素进行预防接种的科学家是A.PasteurB.BehringC.JennerD.BorderE.Burner10.最早发明减毒活疫苗的科学家是A.JennerB.KochC.PorterD.BurnetE.Pasteur11.英国科学家Jenner发明了A. 白喉抗毒素B.狂犬疫苗C.人痘苗D.牛痘苗E.卡介苗12.创建杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体的学者是A. .Koch和PasteurB. Miller和GoodC. Milstein和KöhlerD. Tislius和KabatE. Porter和Edelman13.最早提出克隆选择学说的科学家是A. BurnetB. BorderC.PorterD. JennerE.Pasteur14.免疫系统的组成是A、中枢免疫器官、周围免疫器官B、免疫细胞、粘附免疫系统、中枢免疫器官C、中枢免疫器官、免疫细胞、皮肤免疫系统D、免疫分子、粘附免疫系统、皮肤免疫系统E、免疫器官、免疫组织、免疫细胞、免疫分子【X型题】1.免疫细胞包括A.淋巴细胞B.单核-巨噬细胞C.抗原提呈细胞D.粒细胞E.红细胞2.下列哪些细胞具有特异性识别抗原的能力?A.巨噬细胞B.T细胞C.B细胞D.NK细胞E.树突状细胞3.下列哪些细胞属于固有免疫应答细胞A.单核-巨噬细胞B.NK细胞C.B细胞D.T细胞E.多形核中性粒细胞4.执行适应性免疫应答的细胞是A. T细胞B. B细胞C. NK细胞D.单核-巨噬细胞E.肥大细胞5.免疫学的研究内容包括A.免疫系统的组成与结构B.免疫系统的功能C.免疫应答的发生机制和过程D.预防、诊断和治疗疾病的免疫学措施E.某些免疫性疾病的发病机制二、名词解释1. 免疫2. 免疫防御3. 免疫监视4. 免疫自稳三、问答题1. 简述免疫系统具有双重功能(防御、致病)的理论基础。

医学免疫学题答案

医学免疫学题答案

四川医科大学成教医学免疫学自学习题姓名年级专业层次学号成绩:一、名词解释1.Immunity免疫2.免疫耐受immunologic tolerance3.Ag抗原/antigen4.Epitope抗原表位5.TD-Ag胸腺依耐性抗原6.TI-Ag非胸腺依耐性抗原7.抗原结合价antigenic valence8.Forssman抗原9.交叉反应cross reaction10.免疫原性immunogenicity11.Ig免疫球蛋白/immunoglobulin/12.单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody/mAb13.高变区hypervariable region /HVR14.Ab抗体/antibody15.调理作用opsonization16.ADCC作用antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity17plement补体/C18.MHC主要组织相容性复合体/major histocompatibility complex19.BCR复合物B细胞抗原受体复合物20.膜表面免疫球蛋白membrane immunoglobulin/mIg21.T细胞抗原受体TCR22.APC抗原提呈细胞/antigen presenting cell23.抗原提呈antigen presenting24.DC树突状细胞/dendritic cell25.MHC限制性MHC restriction26.免疫突触immune synapse27.Ig类别转换抗体类别转换/class switch28.抗体亲和力成熟antibody affinity maturation29.B细胞活化辅助受体30.固有免疫innate immunity31.Hypersensitivity超敏反应32.Arthus反应1903阿瑟氏反应/实验性局部过敏反应33.变应原allergen34.血清病serum sickness35.脱敏疗法36.过敏反应37.传染性超敏反应38.凝集反应agglutination test39.沉淀反应precipitation40.对流免疫电泳immunoelectrophoresis41.酶联免疫吸附试验enzyme linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA42.免疫标记技术43.基因工程抗体genetic engineering antibody/GeAb44.抗毒素antitoxin45.类毒素toxoid46.人工主动免疫artificial active immunization47.人工被动免疫artificial passive immunzation48.亚单位疫苗subunit vaccine49.重组抗原疫苗recombinant antigen vaccine50.生物应答调节剂biological response modifier/BRM51.肿瘤免疫学tumor Immunology52.肿瘤抗原tumor antigen53.肿瘤特异性抗原tumor specific antigen/TSA54.肿瘤相关抗原tumor associated antigen /TAA55.抗原调变antigenic modulation56.移植免疫transplantation immunity57.宿主抗移植物反应host versus graft reaction/HVGR58.直接识别direct recognition59.移植物抗宿主反应graft versus host disease/GVHR60.间接识别indirect recognition二、填空题1、免疫系统的三大功能是_ _、_ _、_ _..2、免疫应答包括_ _免疫应答和_ _免疫应答..其中前者又称为非特异性免疫应答;后者又称为特异性免疫应答或获得性免疫应答..3、机体遭遇病原微生物感染时首先产生的是_ _免疫应答;但最终在清除病原体时起主导作用的是_ _免疫应答..4、T细胞和B细胞分别靠其表面的_ _和__ 识别抗原分子;并且一个T或B细胞只能识别_ _种抗原分子..5、B细胞经过抗原刺激;分化为_ _;通过分泌_ _执行免疫功能;因此由B细胞介导的免疫称为_ _免疫..6、B细胞成熟的部位是_ _..T细胞成熟的部位是_ _..7、单核细胞随血液循环至组织中定位并分化成熟;成为_ _..8、AIDS属于_ _免疫缺陷病..9、HIV主要感染并破坏的是_ _细胞..10、免疫学的发展经历了_ _、_ _、_ _三个时期..11、1980年世界卫生组织宣布在全世界范围内消灭_ _;被认为是人类战胜疾病最辉煌的历史..12、抗体是由_ _细胞识别_ _后增殖分化为浆细胞所产生的一种球蛋白..13、免疫球蛋白根据其存在部位和作用可分为_ _和_ _型..14、免疫球蛋白分子是由两条相同的_ _和两条相同的_ _通过__连接而成的_ _结构..15、根据免疫球蛋白重链恒定区的不同;可将免疫球蛋白分为五类:_ _、_ _、_ _、_ _、_ _..16、免疫球蛋白同种型的分类依据是_ _..17、免疫球蛋白分子的轻链可分为两型即_ _和_ _..18、重链和轻链靠近N端的、氨基酸序列变化很大的区域称为_ _;在其中有3个区域的氨基酸组成和排列顺序极易变化;因而称为__..19、铰链区位于CH1和CH2之间;易生展弯曲;易被_ _和_水解..20、在五类免疫球蛋白中;没有铰链区的是_ _和_ _..21. 免疫球蛋白的功能区又称_ _;是由_ _折叠而成的球状结构..22、Ig轻链有两个功能区;即_ _和_ L_..23、IgM和IgE的重链有五个功能区;即_ _、_ _、_ _、_ _、_ _..24、木瓜蛋白酶水解Ig后得到_ _、_ _片段;25、胃蛋白酶水解Ig后得到_ _和_ _..26、成熟B细胞表面识别抗原的Ig为_ 、_ ..27、通过经典途径激活补体的Ig是_ _、_ ..28、唯一通过胎盘的抗体是_ _..婴儿从初乳中得到的Ig是_ _..天然的血型抗体是_ _..29、补体系统的三条激活途径的共有末端通路是_ _..30、经典途径的激活物是_ _..C1是由三个亚单位_____、___ __、___ ___形成的大分子聚合物..31、具有免疫粘附和调理作用的补体分子片段有_ _、_ _..32、根据功能可将细胞因子粗略分为、、、、和六类..33、细胞因子通常以非特异方式发挥作用;即细胞因子对靶细胞作用无抗原特异性;且不受_ _限制..34、细胞因子作用具有_ _性、_ _性、_ _性和_ _性..35、HLA复合体I类基因位点为、、..36、HLA复合体Ⅱ类基因位点是_ 、、..37、MHC I、Ⅱ类抗原的主要生物学功能有_ _、__ 、_ _和_ _..38、HLA I类抗原分子是由_ _和_ _两条多肽链借_ _连接组成的..39、HLA Ⅱ类分子的_ _区是与Th细胞表面CD4分子结合的部位..40、B细胞可分为_ _和_ _两种亚群;其中_ _属于非特异性免疫细胞;主要分布于_ _..41、抗原呈递细胞主要有_ _、_ _和_ _等..42、特异性免疫应答过程中;巨噬细胞可对TD抗原进行_ _、_ _和_ _..43、非特异性免疫的细胞组成包括_ 、、、、、 _等..44、CD3分子的主要作用是_ _和_ _.. CD28分子的配体是_ _..45、使T细胞发生母细胞转化的有丝分裂原有_ _、_ _和_ _..46、CD21又称_ _;是B细胞上的_ _病毒受体..47、能使B细胞发生母细胞转化的有丝分裂原有_ _、_ _和_..48、B细胞表面识别抗原的复合受体分子由_ _和_ _组成..49、根据_ _的表达与否;可将B细胞分为_ _和_ _..50、B细胞活化辅助受体由_ _、_ _、_ _、_ _组成..51、骨髓造血微环境包括_ 、_ _和_ ..52、完全抗原具有两种特性;即_ _性和_ _性..53、半抗原只具有_ _性;而无_ _性..54、影响抗原免疫应答的因素是_ _、_ _和_ _..55、抗原的种类根据诱生抗体时是否需要Th细胞参与分为__ 和_ _..56、专职的抗原提呈细胞包括_ 、、 _等..57、_ _是机体内功能最强和最重要的APC;是机体免疫反应的始动者;能够显着刺激初始型T细胞增殖..58、外源性抗原主要通过_ _类途径加工和提呈..59、内源性抗原主要通过_ _类途径加工处理和提呈..60、Th1细胞释放的细胞因子主要有_ _、__ 、_ _等..61、致敏Tc细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用受_ _限制..62、致敏Tc细胞产生的细胞毒性物质主要包括_ _、_ _和_ _..63、免疫应答的基本过程大致可分为三个阶段;即_ _、__ 和_ _..64、TI抗原刺激_ _细胞合成_ _类抗体..65、CD4+Th活化第一信号;主要是通过抗原提呈细胞表面的_与Th细胞表面_ _相互作用后产生的..66、Th2细胞通过分泌_ _和_ _抑制Th1细胞的功能..67、免疫耐受具有免疫应答的某些共性;它们均需_ _产生;并具有_ _性和_ _性..68、影响免疫耐受形成的抗原因素包括_ _、_ _和__..69、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞激活后可产生多种生物活性介质;其中主要预合成的介质有_ _和_ _..70、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞激活后可产生多种生物活性介质;新合成的介质主要有_ _、_ _和_ _..71、Rh- 母亲首次分娩Rh+胎儿后;为预防再次妊娠时Rh血型不符引起的新生儿溶血症;可于分娩后_ _小时内给母体注射_ _..72、抗ABO血型物质的天然抗体属_ _类免疫球蛋白..73、抗Rh血型物质属_ 类免疫球蛋白..74、补体不参与_ 和_ _型超敏反应..75、表面具有IgE FcⅠ型受体的细胞主要有_ _和_ _..76、Ⅱ型超敏反应引起的以细胞溶解或组织损伤为主的病理性免疫反应的机制主要是:_ _、_ _和_ _..77、参与Ⅲ型超敏反应的抗体类型是_ _、_ _;有补体参与;局部有__ 细胞聚集..78、自身免疫性疾病可分为_ _和_ _两大类..79、属器官特异性自身免疫病典型疾病有_ _、_ 等..80、属于器官非特异性自身免疫病典型的疾病有_ _和_ _等..81、自身免疫性疾病的致病相关因素有_ _、_ _、_ _和_ _等..82、引起AID自身抗原的出现因素有_ _、_ _、_ _和_ _..83、获得性免疫缺陷综合征是由_ _感染引起的..84、AIDS的传播方式是:_ _、_ _和_ _..85、IDD免疫缺陷病按其发病原因可分为_ _和_ _两大类..86、IDD根据主要累及的免疫成分不同;可分为包括体液免疫缺陷病、__ 、_ _、吞噬细胞缺陷病和补体系统缺陷病..87、AIDS病的典型临床特征为_ _、_ _和_ _..88、IDD的共同特点是_ _、_ _和_ 、_ _等..89、引起常见继发性免疫缺陷病的因素包括_ _、_ _、__和_ _等..90、根据肿瘤抗原特异性分类法;可将肿瘤抗原分为__和 _两大类..91、原发性肝细胞肝癌往往与_ 和_ 病毒的感染有关..92、目前研究最清楚的肿瘤胚胎性抗原是_ 和_ ..93、具有特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞活性的杀伤细胞是__ _..94、肿瘤免疫治疗方法包括:_ 、_ _和_ _..95、根据供者和受者的组合;可将移植分成为_ 、、、 _..96、移植是指将供者的_ _、_ _和_ _给受者来恢复其功能的一种现代医学治疗手段..97、急性细胞性排斥是以_ _效应机制为主;兼有炎症性_ _效应机制参与;导致的间质细胞损害..98、骨髓移植时;供者T细胞与受者同种异型抗原发生应答的排斥反应叫___ ..99、抗原与抗体发生结合反应的物质基础;是抗原的_ _与抗体的_ _之间的结构互补性..100、ABO血型鉴定属于抗原抗体反应中的_ _..101、间接凝集实验是将_ _包被在乳胶颗粒表面;与相应抗体反应出现颗粒物凝集的现象..102、免疫标记技术是用_ _、_ _或_ _等标记物标记抗原或抗体进行的抗原抗体反应..103、ELISA的双抗体夹心法是用_ _包被固相;再加入_ _;然后加入_ _;最后经显色用于免疫诊断的实验..104、在治疗感染、肿瘤、免疫缺陷时应采用_ _疗法..105、治疗自身免疫病或移植排斥反应时应采用_ _疗法..106、常用的抗毒素包括_ _和_ _..107、免疫抑制药物主要用于_ _、_ _和_ _的治疗..108、死疫苗的免疫效果有局限性;它主要诱导_ _的产生;而__免疫能力弱..109、活疫苗免疫效果较好;除诱导机体产生_ _外;还可产生_ _免疫;经自然感染途径接种还有_ _免疫形成..110、新生儿出生时应接种的疫苗是_ _..1、免疫系统的组成是免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子..2、机体免疫监视功能低下时易发生肿瘤..3、胸腺、淋巴结、黏膜组织均属于外周免疫器官..4、异种抗原是同一种属不同个体的抗原性物质..5、具有强免疫原性的物质;分子量一般为≥l0kD..6、抗原与机体的亲缘关系越远;免疫原性越强..7、 TD-Ag需要巨噬细胞、T和B细胞相互协作;才能刺激机体产生抗体..8、抗体对具有相同或相似决定基的不同抗原的反应称为交叉反应..9、刺激B细胞产生抗体时需要Th细胞辅助的抗原是胸腺非依赖性抗原..10、能直接刺激B细胞产生抗体;无需T细胞辅助的抗原称为TD-Ag..11、异嗜性抗原也就是共同抗原..12、在肠道内起保护作用的Ig主要是sIgA..13、IgM是分子量最大的免疫球蛋白..14、天然ABO血型抗体属于IgG类..15、IgE是介导Ⅰ型超敏反应的抗体..16、唯一能通过胎盘的Ig是IgG;初生婴儿从母乳中获得的Ig主要是sIgA..17、IgG是机体抗感染作用的主要抗体..18、抗体与抗原结合的部位是VH与VL区..19、能与肥大细胞表面FcR结合;并介导Ⅰ型超敏反应的Ig是IgE..20、人体内开始合成IgM的时间是胎儿晚期..21、与抗原结合后;激活补体能力最强的Ig是IgM..22、合成sIgA分泌片的细胞是黏膜上皮细胞..23、3-6个月婴儿sIgA不足易患呼吸道感染..24、脐血中IgM 增高提示胎儿可能有宫内感染..25、90%血浆补体成分是由肝细胞合成的;仅少数由其他部位合成..26、C5a是过敏毒素作用最强的补体裂解片段..27、补体成分C3a、C5a具有过敏毒素作用和趋化作用..28、Th2细胞主要产生IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-β等细胞因子..29、细胞因子通过与其相应的受体结合发挥特异性清除抗原的作用..30、MHCⅠ、Ⅱ类分子接纳抗原肽的结构;皆为远膜端的抗原结合槽..31、外源性抗原在APC内被降解成免疫原性多肽;并与MHCⅡ类分子结合成稳定的复合物表达于APC表面..32、MHCⅠ类分子的肽结合区是由α1和α2构成抗原结合槽;与抗原结合;同时也是TCR识别的部位..33、MHCⅡ类分子的肽结合区由α1和β1共同形成抗原结合槽;是TCR识别的主要部位..34、内源性抗原在靶细胞内降解为免疫原性多肽;与MHCⅠ类分子结合后表达于靶细胞表面..35、MHCⅡ类分子的Ig样区是CD4分子识别部位;由α2和β2组成;与Ig的恒定区具有同源性..36、早期非特异性免疫应答阶段发生于感染后4~48小时之内..37、NK细胞表面具有鉴别意义的标志是CD3-;CD56+;CD16+..38、巨噬细胞可诱导初始T细胞活化..39、巨噬细胞不具备抗原识别受体..40、NK细胞不能通过释放蛋白水解酶杀伤病毒感染的靶细胞..41、B1-B细胞抗体应答的特点是针对TI-Ag产生体液免疫应答..42、CD8分子与MHCⅠ类分子结合的区域是β2功能区..43、CD8是HIV包膜蛋白gp120受体..44、TCR是所有T细胞特征性标志..45、CD152分子胞质区含有ITIM;与B7结合后可终止T细胞活化..46、T细胞活化的第二信号产生是CD40与CD40L之间作用..47、单阳性胸腺细胞是指CD4+细胞或CD8+细胞..48、人类T细胞表面不具备C3b受体..49、Tr1细胞可通过分泌IL-10抑制巨噬细胞的功能..50、记忆T细胞膜表面表达CD45RO..51、CD45RO是初始T细胞表达的CD分子..52、BCR为B细胞特有的表面标志分子..53、mIgD是B细胞成熟标志..54、B-1细胞即通常所指的B细胞表面不表达CD5;发育在先..55、依照CD5的表达与否;可把B细胞分成B-1细胞和B-2细胞两个亚群..56、成熟B细胞的mIg主要为mIgM和mIgD..57、B-1细胞参与固有免疫;B-2细胞参与适应性免疫..58、B细胞表面表达多种结合丝裂原的膜分子;如LPS受体..LPS与它结合;可直接诱导静息B细胞活化、增殖与分化..59、B细胞经BCR识别抗原后;由Igα/Igβ转导信号..60、B细胞的三个主要功能是产生抗体、提呈抗原、参与免疫调节..61、 B细胞活化辅助受体由CD19、CD21、CD81、Leu-13以非共价键组成..62、mIg的作用是结合特异性抗原;抗原结合点位于VH和VL的高变区内..63、编码BCR重链的基因位于人第6号染色体..64、巨噬细胞是最有效的可激活初始T细胞的抗原提呈细胞..65、CD4分子可与MHCⅠ类分子结合;并具有辅助增强CD4+T细胞识别抗原能力..66、TCR-mIg+CD56+CD16+是人成熟NK细胞的表面标志分子..67、组成化学屏障的杀、抑菌物质不包括α-防御素..68、早期固有免疫应答发生于感染后4~24小时内..69、固有免疫应答分为瞬时应答、早期应答和启动后续应答等三个阶段..70、树突状细胞是专职性APC..71、B淋巴细胞是非专职性APC..72、能显着刺激初始T细胞活化的APC包括DC、单核-巨噬细胞和B细胞..73、树突状细胞主要将抗原肽信息提呈给活化Th细胞..74、特异性细胞免疫的效应细胞是Th1细胞和Th2细胞..75、向T细胞提供第二活化信号的重要共刺激分子是CD28/B7..76、CTL的主要作用是特异性直接杀伤靶细胞..77、Tc细胞杀伤靶细胞的特点是受MHC-Ⅱ类分子限制..78、在抗原提呈和免疫识别阶段;外源性抗原被摄取主要通过MHCⅡ类途径加工和提呈..79、 T细胞抗原受体识别抗原后;传递刺激信号的分子是CD79a/CD79b..80、与T细胞克隆扩增关系最密切的细胞因子是IL-2..81、介导Th细胞向B细胞提供第二活化信号的主要是CD28-B7..82、B细胞识别的抗原主要是TD-Ag;对其应答不需要Th细胞的辅助..83、初次应答产生的Ig类别主要为IgG..84、Th细胞至少以两种方式辅助B细胞:经由B细胞与Th细胞的直接接触;及T细胞产生的细胞因子..85、再次应答产生Ig具有快速、强烈、持久等特点..86、TI-1抗原为细菌胞壁与荚膜多糖;它们具有高度重复的结构..87、抗原与mIg的可变区特异结合;产生第一活化信号..88、静息T细胞不表达CD40L;T细胞一旦活化;迅速表达CD40L..89、中枢耐受是指在胚胎期或出生后T与B细胞发育过程中遇自身Ag所形成的耐受..90、母体在妊娠中使遗传有父亲的MHC的胎儿不被排斥的原因是胎盘形成的生理屏障..91、抗体可介导Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型超敏反应..92、IgE分子可与具有高亲和性受体的肥大细胞相结合..93、Ⅰ型超敏反应可通过致敏T淋巴细胞进行被动转移..94、新生儿溶血症属于Ⅳ型超敏反应..95、青霉素过敏性休克属于Ⅰ型超敏反应..96、结核菌素一般不引起迟发型超敏反应..97、分娩72小时内给产妇注射抗Rh免疫血清可预防Rh血型不合引起的新生儿溶血..98、CTL特异性杀伤靶细胞是Ⅱ型超敏反应的主要发生机制..99、Ⅳ型超敏反应可经抗体进行被动转移..100、青霉素可以引起Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型超敏反应..101、ABO血型鉴定属于沉淀反应..101、琼脂扩散试验属于ELISA..102、葡聚糖-泛影葡胺密度梯度离心法常用于分离外周血单个核细胞.. 103、血型鉴定试验为定量测定抗体的试验方法..104、肥达试验为定性测定抗原的试验方法..105、放射免疫测定法是定量检测人血清中生长激素含量的最佳检测方法..106、ELISA中通常使用的酶是核酸末端转移酶..107、免疫抑制疗法宜用于感染..108、乙肝疫苗不属于人工主动免疫制剂..109、破伤风抗毒素不属于人工被动免疫制剂..110、新生儿不易患传染病;其免疫力的获得主要是通过自然被动免疫..四、问答题1、简述免疫系统的组成2、简述免疫系统的基本功能3、简述固有性免疫和适应性免疫的特点..4、简述免疫球蛋白的各功能区的功能..5、举例说明共同抗原和交叉反应在临床上的意义..6、简述免疫球蛋白的Fc受体与细胞表面的Fc受体结合所表现的功能..7、简述IgG的生物学活性..8、简述细胞因子的特点..9、简述免疫球蛋白的基本结构和主要生物学功能..10、简述中枢免疫器官和外周免疫器官的组成和功能..11、简述适应性免疫应答的特性..12、为什么说IgG是机体抗感染的主要抗体131415、决定和影响抗原免疫原性的因素有哪些怎样才能获得高效价抗体16、试述Ig的主要生物学特性..17、什么是抗体的功能区以IgG为例;试述功能区分别有什么功能18、试述五类免疫球蛋白的特性及功能..1920、简述五类免疫球蛋白的特性及功能..21、什么是固有免疫参与固有免疫的细胞包括哪些22、简述B细胞对TD抗原活化需哪双信号刺激信号的产生涉及哪些分子23、请描述Ⅰ型超敏反应发生过程中颗粒内预先合成的介质有哪些并介绍其主要生物学作用..2425、试比较补体系统经典激活与旁路激活途径的主要异同点..26、试述T、B细胞活化的“双信号”理论..27、在哪些情况下;需打破免疫耐受在哪些情况下;需建立免疫耐受打破和建立免疫耐受的原则是什么28、试述B细胞表面的主要膜分子及其功能..29、在Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病的发生过程中;其参与因素有何异同试举例说明..30、机体特异性免疫的获得方式有哪些31、简述补体系统具有哪些生物学作用32、简述T细胞活化所需要的两个信号的产生和作用..33、试述T细胞表面的主要膜分子及其功能..34、简述常用的人工免疫制剂..35、简述自身耐受可因哪些原因而遭破坏或终止36、简述B细胞对TD抗原体液免疫应答的一般规律..37。

医学免疫学英语试题资料讲解

医学免疫学英语试题资料讲解

医学免疫学英语试题ⅠChoose one which is the best answer in each question(40 × 1 point = 40 )1. Immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens is called: ( A)A ToleranceB TolerogenC MemoryD Acquired immunity2. The signal transduction molecules associated with BCR are (B )A. CD21 and CD81.B. Igαnd IgβCD79a,bC. IgD and IgM.D.ITAMs and ITIMs.3. T cells are MHC-restricted in their ability to respond to antigen because (D )A. all antigen must be processed and presented to activate lymphocytes.B. during an infection, all cells in the body present antigen on MHC Class I.C. MHC binds antigen more specifically than TCR does.D. TCR must recognize both antigen and MHC molecules.4. An antibody Fab contains ( A B)A. complementarity determining regions.B. H and L chain variable regions.C. one antigen binding region.D. one H-L interchain disulfide bond.5 Positive selection in the thymus is mediated by: ( A )A Thymic epithelial cells.B Macrophages.C Dendritic cells.D B-cells.6. Type Ⅳ hypersentivity is often referred to as: ( B )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Allergic hypersensitivity7. Type Ⅱhypersentivity is often referred to as: ( C )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Allergic hypersensitivity8. Naive B cell expresses ( C )A. IgA aloneB.IgA and IgG C IgM +IgD D.IgE and Ig9. T cell-derived cytokines ( D )A. are antigen-specific products of T cell activationB. are stored in the resting T cell and released on activationC. are MHC-restricted in their effectsD. influence the class of antibodies produced by B cell10. Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by ( C )A. IgMB. C1C. C5aD. C811. Complement lyses cells by ( C )A. enzymatic digestion of the cell membraneB. activation of adenylate cyclaseC. insertion of complement proteins into the cell membraneD. inhibition of elongation factor 212. CD8 is a marker of ( C)A. B cellsB. Helper - T cellsC. cytotoxic T cellD. Mφ13. MHC class Ⅱ molecules are found on (B )A. Virtually all cells in the bodyB. B cells, DC and MφC. Virtually all nucleated cells in the bodyD. Only on virally-infected cells.14. All of following cytokines are secreted by Th2 cells except (B )A. IL-4B. IFN-γC. IL-5D. IL-615. Which of the following is NOT true of CD4+ and CD8+ cell markers? ( D )A. These are both surface glycoproteins expressed on T-cells.B. These serve to distinguish different types of T-cells, e.g., helper, suppressor and cytotoxic, from each other.C. These are not found associated with immunoglobulins.D. Both of the markers are present on ALL T-cells.16. Cells bearing MHC class I plus peptide are targets for specific: ( B )A B-cells.B Cytotoxic T-cells.C Th1 cells.D Th2 cells.17. Dendritic cells are characterized by: ( D )A the presence of major basic proteinB expression of CD3C expression of IgM moleculesD their interface between the innate and adaptive immune system18. Which of the following uniquely distinguishes the T-cell receptor (TCR) from an antibody? ( A )A. The TCR can bind an antigen fragment only in a trimolecular complex with either the class I or class II surface proteins of the major histocompatibility complexB. The TCR can function as a cell surface antigen receptorC. The TCR is composed of two different types of polypeptide chainsD. The TCR is capable of participating in a cytotoxic reaction.19. A critical property of an antigen is ( A )A. Its ability to stimulate an immune responseB. a unique topological feature called an paratopeC. not a unique topological feature called an antigenic determinantD. the size of which is relatively small20.Opsonization of bacteria occurs through coating bacteria just with: ( A )A C3bB C8C Membrane attack complexD IgM21. The following is characteristic of B- but not T-cells: ( D )A Class I MHC.B CD3.C HIV virus receptor.D Surface immunoglobulin. 22.Which of the following molecules is expressed on the surface of mature CD4+T cells? ( C )A. B cell receptorB. CD1dC.CD3D.CD823. The thymus is the site of initial differentiation for ( D )A. B cellsB. ErythrocytesC. Hematopietic stem cellsD. T cells24. The membrane attack complex consists of: ( C )A OHB C3b3b,BbC C5b,6,7,8,9D Properdin25. Type Ⅰhypersentivity is often referred to as: (A )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Immune complex hypersensitivity26. Type Ⅲ hypersentivity is often referred to as: ( D)A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Immune complex hypersensitivity27. The typeⅠhypersentivity is mediated by: ( D )A. IgAB. IgDC. IgGD. IgE28. The cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to IgE production is: ( D )A.IL-1B.IL-2C.TGF betaD.IL-429. Which type hypersensitivity is related to the mechanism of acute Arthus reaction: ( C )A. Type ⅠhypersentivityB. Type ⅡhypersentivityC. Type Ⅲ hypersentivityD. Type Ⅳ hypersentivity30. T-cell CD40L provides a costimulatory signal to B-cells by ligating: ( A )A CD40B MHC class II C CD28D CD1931. Which immunoglobulin can be transported through the placenta? ( A )A. IgGB. IgMC. Secretory IgAD. IgE32. Which immunoglobulin is the most one in the blood? ( A )A. IgGB. IgMC. Secretory IgAD. IgE33. Which immunoglobulin can mediate the immediate hypersensitivity? ( D )A. IgGB. IgMC. Secretory IgAD. IgE34. Molecules directly involved in NK cell mediated killing include: ( B )A nitric oxideB granzymeC complementD IFN-γ35. Immune complexes consist of ( C )A. antibody plus complementB. basophil plus complementC. antigen plus antibodyD. antigen plus complement36. The main costimulatory signal for activation of resting T-cells is provided by ligation of: ( A )A CD28B Surface IgC LFA-1D VLA-437. The T-cell receptor antigen recognition signal is transduced by: ( E )A The TCR alpha chain.B The TCR beta chain. D CD2. E CD3.38. The T-cell ligand binding B7 on a professional antigen-presenting cell is: AA CD28B CD2C LFA-1D ICAM-139. Secondary antibody responses are better because: ( C)A They provide defense against unrelated antigensB The antibody can be made by both T and B cellsC They are stronger and fasterD They do not require T-cell help40. Which cell type produces antibodies?: ( D )A MacrophagesB T-lymphocytesC NKD Plasma cellsII. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. (10×2 points =20 )1. A hapten can stimulate antibody formation but cannot combine with antibody molecules. ( F)2. Booster shots are required because repeated exposure to an antigen buildsa stronger immune response. ( T)3. The Igα/Igβ heterodimer and CD3 serve analogous functions in the B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor, respectively. ( T )4. Antigen-presenting cells express both class I and class II MHC molecules on their membranes. ( T )5. Babies can acquire IgE-mediated allergies by passive transfer of maternal antibody. ( F )6. Both CTLs and NK cells release perforin after interacting with target cells. ( T )7. Target cell lysis and destruction can be achieved by perforin released from antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells ( T )8. The immune response is mediated via the humoral and/or cellular arms of the immune system ( T )9. Immediate type hypersensitivity is mediated by IgM. ( F )10. All cytokine-binding receptors cintain two or three subunits. ( T )Ⅲ Answer the following questions in brief (10×4points =40 ) the three types of professional APCs, and give one example ofnonprofessional APCs. B M DC endothelial cell2.Summarize the four major functions of complement system ①lysis ofcells, bacteria and viruses ②opsonization to enhance phagocytosis ③clearance of immune complexes ④stimulation of inflammation3. List the classical Class I and Class II gene loci for humans4. What dose " MHC restriction" mean?HLA-A,B,C HLA-DPDRDQ5. To activate T cells, two molecules must be recognized on the antigen-presenting cells, what are they? Peptide-MHC6. Compare the primary and secondary responses from the following points of view: (a) time for antibody to appear (b) quantity of antibody produced (c) class of antibody produced (d) duration of antibody production.7. Compare Class I and Class II MHC proteins from the following points of view: (a) types of cells on which they are located (b) role in antigen recognition by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.8. Helper T cells can be divided into two subsets based on their lymphokinesecretion profile. Explain.9. What are the main functions of macrophages?10. Please draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label eachpart of the chains.。

医学免疫学试卷一和答案

医学免疫学试卷一和答案

医学免疫学试卷(一)和答案(答题 2小时,卷面 100分) A 、 IgA 一、名词解释(翻译并解释,每小题 3分,共 15分)B、IgD 1、heterophilic antigen ( Forssman antigen )C 、 IgE 2、 tumor-specific antigen(TSA)D、IgM 3、 precipitation reaction E 、IgG 4、 graft versus host reaction ( GVHR )8、下列成分有可能与大分子抗原结合而出现肉眼可见 5、 immunological tolerance反应的是 () 二选择题:(每题只选一个最佳答案,每题 1分,共 30A 、 IgG 的H 链分)B 、IgG 的L 链1、适应性免疫应答 ()C 、 Fab 段A 、时相是在感染后数分钟至 96小时 D 、Fc 段B 、可遗传 E 、 F(ab ')2 段C 具有特异性 9、 以下能灭活C3b 的补体调节因子是()D 先天获得A 、 I 因子E 、吞噬细胞是主要效应细胞B 、 C4bP2、机体免疫监视功能低下时易发生 () C 、 MCPA 、免疫耐受 D 、 S 蛋白B 、超敏反应 E 、 DAFC 移植排斥反应 10、能协助清除IC 的补体裂解片段是()D 肿瘤A 、 C3a E 、自身免疫病B 、 C3d3、机体抵抗病原微生物感染的功能称为 ()C、iC3bA 、免疫监视 D 、 C5aB 、免疫自稳 E 、 C3bC 免疫耐受 11、在经典激活途径中,补体的识别单位是 ()D 免疫防御 A 、C1q E 、免疫调节B 、 C2 4、最早发明减毒活疫苗的科学家是 () C、C4 A 、 Pasteur D 、 C1r B 、 Koch E、 C1s C 、 Porter 12、人类何种细胞表面具有植物血凝素 (PHA)受体D 、 Burnet A 、B 淋巴细胞 E 、 JennerB 、T 淋巴细胞 B 细胞和T 细胞 5、脐血中哪类 Ig 增高提示胎儿有宫内感染 () C 、 A 、 IgM D 、肥大细胞 B 、 IgA E 、嗜碱性粒细胞 C 、 IgG 13、 ITAM 存在于下列哪些分子() D 、 IgD A 、 CD3 E 、 IgEB 、 TCR6、血清半衰期最长的 Ig 是 () C、BCRA 、 IgA D 、 CD4B 、 IgM E、 CTLA-4C 、 IgE 14、T 细胞活化的第二信号产生是()D 、 IgDA 、CD8^ MH I 类分子作用E 、 IgGB 、CD4与 MH ffl 类分子作用7、能与肥大细胞表面FcR 结合,并介导I 型超敏反应的 C 、CD40与 CD40L 之间作用Ig 是 ()D 、CD152与 B7分子之间的作用E、CD2旳B7分子之间的作用15、HIV壳膜蛋白gp120受体是()A、CD2B、CD3C、C D4D、C D8E、CD2516、MH分子中不参与构成Ag吉合槽的结构域是()A、I类分子的a 1B、I类分子的a 2C I类分子的a 3D H类分子的a 1E、n类分子的3 117、肿瘤细胞表面()A HLA-H类抗原显著增加B、HLA-1类抗原显著增加C HLA-1类抗原显著减少D HLA-m类抗原显著增加E、HLA-1和H类抗原表达均降低18、对MH(的TAP分子描述错误的是()A、即抗原加工相关转运体B、为内质网上一个异二聚体分子C双链分别由TAP和TAP2两个座位基因编码D使外源性抗原肽从胞质溶胶进入内质网腔与MH Q类分子结合E、使内源性抗原肽从胞质溶胶进入内质网腔与MHQ类分子结合19、关于肿瘤逃避免疫监视的机制,下列哪项是错误的?()A、瘤细胞表面的转铁蛋白被封闭B、增强抗体C瘤细胞的“漏逸”D宿主抗原提呈细胞功能低下E、某些细胞因子对机体免疫应答的抑制20、抗体抗肿瘤的机制不包括()A、增强抗体B、ADCCC调理作用D、C DCE、封闭肿瘤细胞上的转铁蛋白受体21、超急排斥主要由下列哪种因素引起()A AB0血型抗体B、迟发型变态反应性T细胞和TcC移植物供血不足D中性粒细胞浸润E、增强抗体22、GVH主要见于下列哪种移植手术()A、肾移植B、心脏移植C、肺移植D、脾移植E、骨髓移植23、琼脂扩散试验应属于()A、间接血凝试验B、补体结合试验C、沉淀反应D、免疫荧光试验E、E LISA24、双抗体夹心法检测甲胎蛋白的固相包被物是()A、纯化的AFPB、酶标记AFPC、酶标记AFF抗体D、AFP抗体E、A FP抗抗体25、E玫瑰花结形成试验的原理是因为SRB可与()A、B细胞的BC黠合B、T h细胞结合C、Tc细胞结合D、与所有T细胞结合E、人外周血表达CD2的T细胞非特异性结合26、关于H型超敏反应的发生机制,以下哪一项是正确的()A、细胞毒性抗体直接引起靶细胞溶解B、T c细胞参与反应而导致细胞被杀伤C、组胺的释放在早期起重要作用D、免疫复合物攻击,导致细胞或组织损伤E、中性粒细胞杀伤作用导致组织损伤27、下列哪一种物质可以引起m型超敏反应()A、细胞因子B、单核-吞噬细胞C、免疫球蛋白D、补体E、免疫复合物28、对TI-1 抗原叙述错误的是()A、常被称为B细胞丝裂原B、诱导B细胞应答比TD-Ag早C、低浓度时特异活化相应B细胞D、高浓度时多克隆活化B细胞E、可诱导记忆性B细胞29、TD-Ag引起免疫应答的特点是()A、产生体液免疫应答的细胞为B-1细胞B、只引起体液免疫应答,不引起细胞免疫应答C可诱导T、B淋巴细胞产生免疫应答D只引起细胞免疫应答,不能引起体液免疫应答E、不可诱导免疫记忆细胞形成30、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)致病机制类似于()A、W型超敏反应B、n型超敏反应C川型超敏反应D I型超敏反应E、免疫缺陷病三、填空题(每题1分,共20分)1、天然的血型抗体是__________ ,血清中含量最高的Ig2、补体的三条激活途径分别为_______ 、_______ 和。

医学免疫学英语试题资料讲解

医学免疫学英语试题资料讲解

医学免疫学英语试题资料讲解医学免疫学英语试题ⅠChoose one which is the best answer in each question(40 × 1 point = 40 )1. Immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens is called: ( A)A ToleranceB TolerogenC MemoryD Acquired immunity2. The signal transduction molecules associated with BCR are(B )A. CD21 and CD81.B. Igαnd IgβCD79a,bC. IgD and IgM.D.ITAMs and ITIMs.3. T cells are MHC-restricted in their ability to respond to antigen because (D )A. all antigen must be processed and presented to activate lymphocytes.B. during an infection, all cells in the body present antigen on MHC Class I.C. MHC binds antigen more specifically than TCR does.D. TCR must recognize both antigen and MHC molecules.4. An antibody Fab contains ( A B)A. complementarity determining regions.B. H and L chain variable regions.C. one antigen binding region.D. one H-L interchain disulfide bond.5 Positive selection in the thymus is mediated by: ( A )A Thymic epithelial cells.B Macrophages.C Dendritic cells.D B-cells.6. Type Ⅳ hypersentivity is often referred to as: ( B )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Allergic hypersensitivity7. Type Ⅱhypersentiv ity is often referred to as: ( C )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Allergic hypersensitivity8. Naive B cell expresses ( C )A. IgA aloneB.IgA and IgG C IgM +IgD D.IgE and Ig9. T cell-derived cytokines ( D )A. are antigen-specific products of T cell activationB. are stored in the resting T cell and released on activationC. are MHC-restricted in their effectsD. influence the class of antibodies produced by B cell10. Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by ( C )A. IgMB. C1C. C5aD. C811. Complement lyses cells by ( C )A. enzymatic digestion of the cell membraneB. activation of adenylate cyclaseC. insertion of complement proteins into the cell membraneD. inhibition of elongation factor 212. CD8 is a marker of ( C)A. B cellsB. Helper - T cellsC. cytotoxic T cellD. Mφ13. MHC class Ⅱ molecules are found on (B )A. Virtually all cells in the bodyB. B cells, DC and MφC. Virtually all nucleated cells in the bodyD. Only on virally-infected cells.14. All of following cytokines are secreted by Th2 cells except(B )A. IL-4B. IFN-γC. IL-5D. IL-615. Which of the following is NOT true of CD4+ and CD8+ cell markers? ( D )A. These are both surface glycoproteins expressed on T-cells.B. These serve to distinguish different types of T-cells, e.g., helper, suppressor and cytotoxic, from each other.C. These are not found associated with immunoglobulins.D. Both of the markers are present on ALL T-cells.16. Cells bearing MHC class I plus peptide are targets for specific: ( B )A B-cells.B Cytotoxic T-cells.C Th1 cells.D Th2 cells.17. Dendritic cells are characterized by: ( D )A the presence of major basic proteinB expression of CD3C expression of IgM moleculesD their interface between the innate and adaptive immune system18. Which of the following uniquely distinguishes the T-cell receptor (TCR) from an antibody? ( A )A. The TCR can bind an antigen fragment only in a trimolecular complex with either the class I or class II surface proteins of the major histocompatibility complexB. The TCR can function as a cell surface antigen receptorC. The TCR is composed of two different types of polypeptide chainsD. The TCR is capable of participating in a cytotoxic reaction.19. A critical property of an antigen is ( A )A. Its ability to stimulate an immune responseB. a unique topological feature called an paratopeC. not a unique topological feature called an antigenic determinantD. the size of which is relatively small20.Opsonization of bacteria occurs through coating bacteria just with: ( A )A C3bB C8C Membrane attack complexD IgM21. The following is characteristic of B- but not T-cells: ( D )A Class I MHC.B CD3.C HIV virus receptor.D Surface immunoglobulin. 22.Which of the following molecules is expressed on the surface of mature CD4+T cells? ( C )A. B cell receptorB. CD1dC.CD3D.CD823. The thymus is the site of initial differentiation for ( D )A. B cellsB. ErythrocytesC. Hematopietic stem cellsD. T cells24. The membrane attack complex consists of: ( C )A OHB C3b3b,BbC C5b,6,7,8,9D Properdin25. Type Ⅰhypersentivity is often referred to as: (A )A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Immune complex hypersensitivity26. Type Ⅲ hypersentivity is often referred to as: ( D)A. Immediate hypersensitivityB. Delayed hypersensitivityC. Cytotoxic hypersensitivityD. Immune complex hypersensitivity27. The typeⅠhypersentivity is mediated by: ( D )B. IgDC. IgGD. IgE28. The cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to IgE production is: ( D )A.IL-1B.IL-2C.TGF betaD.IL-429. Which type hypersensitivity is related to the mechanism of acute Arthus reaction: ( C )A. Type ⅠhypersentivityB. Typ e ⅡhypersentivityC. Type Ⅲ hypersentivityD. Type Ⅳ hypersentivity30. T-cell CD40L provides a costimulatory signal to B-cells by ligating: ( A )A CD40B MHC class II C CD28D CD1931. Which immunoglobulin can be transported through the placenta? ( A )A. IgGB. IgMC. Secretory IgAD. IgE32. Which immunoglobulin is the most one in the blood? ( A )A. IgGC. Secretory IgAD. IgE33. Which immunoglobulin can mediate the immediate hypersensitivity? ( D )A. IgGB. IgMC. Secretory IgAD. IgE34. Molecules directly involved in NK cell mediated killing include: ( B )A nitric oxideB granzymeC complementD IFN-γ35. Immune complexes consist of ( C )A. antibody plus complementB. basophil plus complementC. antigen plus antibodyD. antigen plus complement36. The main costimulatory signal for activation of resting T-cells is provided by ligation of: ( A )A CD28B Surface IgC LFA-1D VLA-437. The T-cell receptor antigen recognition signal is transduced by: ( E )A The TCR alpha chain.B The TCR beta chain. D CD2. E CD3.38. The T-cell ligand binding B7 on a professional antigen-presenting cell is: AA CD28B CD2C LFA-1D ICAM-139. Secondary antibody responses are better because: ( C)A They provide defense against unrelated antigensB The antibody can be made by both T and B cellsC They are stronger and fasterD They do not require T-cell help40. Which cell type produces antibodies?: ( D )A MacrophagesB T-lymphocytesC NKD Plasma cellsII. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. (10×2 points =20 )1. A hapten can stimulate antibody formation but cannot combine with antibody molecules. ( F)2. Booster shots are required because repeated exposure to an antigen buildsa stronger immune response. ( T)3. The Igα/Igβ h eterodimer and CD3 serve analogous functions in the B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor, respectively. ( T )4. Antigen-presenting cells express both class I and class II MHC molecules on their membranes. ( T )5. Babies can acquire IgE-mediated allergies by passive transfer of maternal antibody. ( F )6. Both CTLs and NK cells release perforin after interacting with target cells. ( T )7. Target cell lysis and destruction can be achieved by perforin released from antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells ( T )8. The immune response is mediated via the humoral and/or cellular arms of the immune system ( T )9. Immediate type hypersensitivity is mediated by IgM. ( F )10. All cytokine-binding receptors cintain two or three subunits. ( T )Ⅲ Answer the following que stions in brief (10×4points =40 )/doc/db15073491.htmlthe three types of professional APCs, and give one example ofnonprofessional APCs. B M DC endothelial cell2.Summarize the four major functions of complement system ①lysis ofcells, ba cteria and viruses ②opsonization to enhance phagocytosis ③clearance of immune complexes ④stimulation of inflammation3. List the classical Class I and Class II gene loci for humans4. What dose " MHC restriction" mean?HLA-A,B,C HLA-DPDRDQ5. To activate T cells, two molecules must be recognized on the antigen-presenting cells, what are they? Peptide-MHC6. Compare the primary and secondary responses from the following points of view: (a) time for antibody to appear (b) quantity of antibody produced (c) class of antibody produced (d) duration of antibody production.7. Compare Class I and Class II MHC proteins from the following points of view: (a) types of cells on which they arelocated (b) role in antigen recognition by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.8. Helper T cells can be divided into two subsets based on their lymphokinesecretion profile. Explain.9. What are the main functions of macrophages?10. Please draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label eachpart of the chains.。

医学免疫学习题(章节含答案)

医学免疫学习题(章节含答案)

医学免疫学习题第一章免疫学发展简史及其展一、名词解释1. 免疫(immunity)2. 免疫学(immunology)3. 固有免疫(innate immunity)4. 适应性免疫(adaptive immunity)5. 反向免疫学(reverse immunology)二、单项选择题1.在现代免疫学中,免疫的概念是指机体免疫系统具有A. 发现并排除有毒因子的能力B. 识别和排除抗原性异物的能力C. 抵抗并清除传染性因子的能力D. 发现和消除恶变细胞的能力E. 发现并清除体内衰老细胞的能力2.接种牛痘预防天花开始于A. 1897年B. 1789年C. 1798年D. 1879年 E.1721年3. 免疫防御、免疫监视、免疫耐受和免疫调节是A. 免疫学的四大内容B. 免疫细胞的四大功能C. 免疫器官的四大功能D. 免疫系统的四大功能E. 免疫分子的四大功能4.免疫防御是指机体能A. 对抗病原体的侵害并中和其毒性产物的作用B. 清除衰老和损伤的细胞,维持体内环境平衡的作用C. 监视并清除体内突变细胞的作用D. 对抗原性异物表现出无反应性的状态E. 对自身抗原表现出无反应性的状态5.免疫监视是指机体能A. 参与机体整体功能的调节B. 对抗原性异物表现出无反应性的状态C. 对抗病原体的侵害并中和其毒性产物的作用D. 监视并清除体内突变细胞的作用E. 对自身抗原表现出无反应性的状态6. 免疫对机体A.有利 B.有害 C.有利又有害 D.无利也无害E.正常情况下有利,某些条件下有害7.以下哪位学者提出了克隆选择学说?A.Jenner B.Burnet C.Owen D.Koch E.Pasteur8.以下哪项叙述是错误的?A.固有免疫应答不经历克隆扩增B.T细胞可直接识别游离的多肽C.B细胞可直接识别可溶性抗原D.T细胞的充分活化需要APC和细胞因子的辅助E.B细胞的充分活化需要T细胞和细胞因子的辅助9.免疫学成为一门独立学科的标志是A.接种“人痘”预防天花B.接种“牛痘”预防天花C.抗原刺激机体产生免疫应答D.抗体的发现E.免疫耐受的发现10.以下哪项内容不属于免疫学科形成时期的研究内容?A.减毒活疫苗的发现B.抗体的发现C.接种牛痘预防天花D .克隆选择学说的提出E .免疫耐受的发现 11.以下哪项叙述是错误的? A .抗体是四肽链结构 B .抗体是免疫球蛋白 C .感染者血清中的“杀菌素”为最早发现的抗体 D .抗体是抗原刺激后,B 细胞转化为浆细胞产生的 E .B 细胞产生抗体不需要T 细胞辅助 12. 哪位学者在异卵双生的小牛中首先观察到了免疫耐受现象? A .Burnet B .Owen C .Medawar D .Landsteiner E .Jenner 13. 哪位学者提出鸡的腔上囊是抗体生成细胞的中心? A .Glick B .Miller C .Good D .Gershon E .Coons 14. 哪位学者提出了细胞免疫学说? A .Warner B .Mitchison C .Metchnikoff D .Mitchell E .Claman 15. 参与适应性免疫的细胞是 A .NK 细胞 B .NKT 细胞 C .αβ+T 细胞 D .γδ+T 细胞 E .B-1细胞 三、X 型题 1.固有免疫应答细胞包括 A .T 淋巴细胞 B .单核-巨噬细胞 C .B 淋巴细胞 D .NK 细胞 E .中性粒细胞 2.适应性免疫应答细胞包括 A .T 淋巴细胞 B .单核-巨噬细胞 C .B 淋巴细胞 D .NK 细胞 E .中性粒细胞 3.免疫系统的基本功能是A .免疫防御功能B .免疫监视功能 C .免疫耐受D .免疫调节E .以上都不对4.关于固有免疫与适应性免疫的叙述,下列哪些是正确的?A .固有免疫比适应性免疫发挥作用快B .固有免疫比适应性免疫发挥作用强C .固有免疫具有非特异性,但无记忆性D .适应性免疫具有特异性和记忆性E .固有免疫在防止再次感染中无作用5.免疫学可应用于哪些项目?A .预防传染病B .治疗肿瘤C .治疗慢性传染病D .妊娠确诊E .ABO 血型定型6.以下哪些内容属于现代免疫学时期的研究内容?A .超敏反应B .DNA 疫苗C .自身免疫病D .凋亡E .完全人源抗体7.现代免疫学时期,免疫学理论研究包括哪些内容?A .抗原识别受体多样性的产生B .抗原的结构与抗原的特异性C .信号转导途径的发现D .造血与免疫细胞的发育E .抗体是免疫球蛋白8.现代免疫学时期,免疫学应用研究包括哪些内容?A .单克隆抗体技术的广泛应用B .基因工程制备重组细胞因子C .免疫细胞治疗D .显微镜技术的应用E .完全人源抗体9.21世纪免疫学的研究手段包括A .cDNA 微阵列法B .蛋白质组学C .生物学信息学D.转基因动物 E.基因敲除10.免疫应答不适宜导致的免疫性疾病为A.超敏反应 B.粒细胞功能缺陷C.自身免疫病D.肿瘤 E.AIDS四、问答题1. 简述现代免疫的概念及其主要功能。

医学免疫学全英班习题集

医学免疫学全英班习题集

Practice questions andexaminations for Immunology and microbiologyDepartment of microbiology and immunology,Guangxi medical university2007.4contentsPart ⅠImmunology Practice questionsDirections:Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question.b1. Which category of hypersensitivity B EST describes hemolytic phenomenon caused by ABO blood group incompatibility?(A) Atopic or anaphylactic(B) Cytotoxic(C) Immune complex(D) Delayedb2. The principal difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity is(A) the class (isotype) of antibody(B) the site where antigen-antibody complexes are formed(C) the participation of complement(D) the participation of T cellsd3.A patient with rheumatic fever develops a sore throat from which beta-hemolytic streptococci are cultured. The patient is started on treatment with penicillin, and the sore throat resolves within several days. However, 7 days after initiation of penicillin therapy the patient develops a fever of 39 C, a generalized rash, and proteinuria. This MOST probably resulted from(A) recurrence of the rheumatic fever(B) a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin(C) an IgE response to penicillin(D) an IgG-IgM response to penicillinb4. A kidney biopsy specimen taken from a patient with acute glomerulonephritis and stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti-human IgG antibody would probably show(A) no fluorescence(B) uniform fluorescence of the glomerular basement membrane(C) patchy, irregular fluorescence of the glomerular basement membrane(D) fluorescent B cellsb5. A patient with severe asthma gets no relief from antihistamines. The symptoms are MOST likely to be caused by(A) interleukin-2(B) slow-reacting substance A (leukotrienes)(C) serotonin(D) bradykininc6. Hypersensitivity to penicillin and hypersensitivity to poison oak are both(A) mediated by IgE antibody(B) mediated by IgG and IgM antibody(C) initiated by haptens(D) initiated by Th-2 cellsc7. A recipient of a 2-haplotype MHC-matched kidney from a relative still needs immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection because(A) graft-versus-host disease is a problem(B) class II MHC antigens will not be matched(C) minor histocompatibility antigens will not be matched(D) complement components will not be matcheda8.Bone marrow transplantation in immunocompromised patients presents which major problem?(A) Potentially lethal graft-versus-host disease(B) High risk of T cell leukemia(C) Inability to use a live donor(D) Delayed hypersensitivityb9. What is the role of class II MHC proteins on donor cells in graft rejection?(A) They are the receptors for interleukin-2, which is produced bymacrophages when they attack the donor cells(B) They are recognized by helper T cells, which then activate cytotoxic Tcells to kill the donor cells(C) They induce the production of blocking antibodies that protect the graft(D) They induce IgE which mediates graft rejectionc10. Grafts between genetically identical individuals (ie, identical twins)(A) are rejected slowly as a result of minor his-tocompatibility antigens(B) are subject to hyperacute rejection(C) are not rejected, even without immunosuppression(D) are not rejected if a kidney is grafted, but skin grafts are rejectedc11. AIDS is caused by a human retrovirus that kills(A) B lymphocytes(B) lymphocyte stem cells(C) CD4-positive T lymphocytes(D) CD8-positive T lymphocytesc12. Polyomavirus (a DNA virus) causes tumors in "nude mice" (nude mice do not have a thymus, because of a genetic defect) but not in normal mice. The BEST interpretation is that(A) macrophages are required to reject polyomavirus-induced tumors(B) natural killer cells can reject polyomavirus-induced tumors without helpfrom T lymphocytes(C) T lymphocytes play an important role in the rejection ofpolyomavirus-induced tumors(D) B lymphocytes play no role in rejection of polyomavirus-induced tumors a13. C3 is cleaved to form C3a and C3b by C3 convertase. C3b is involved in all of the following EXCEPT:(A) altering vascular permeability(B) promoting phagocytosis(C) forming alternative-pathway C3 convertase(D) forming C5 convertaseb14. C3a and C5a can cause(A) bacterial lysis(B) vascular permeability(C) phagocytosis of IgE-coated bacteria(D) aggregation of C4 and C2c15. Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by(A) IgM(B) G1(C) C567.c5a(D) C8c16. Complement fixation refers to(A) the ingestion of C3b-coated bacteria by macrophages(B) the destruction of complement in serum by heating at 56 ^C for 30minutes(C) the binding of complement components by antigen-antibody complexes(D) the interaction of C3b with mast cells17. The classic complement pathway is initiated by interaction of CI with(A) antigen(B) factor B(C) antigen-IgG complexes(D) bacterial lipopolysaccharides18. Patients with severely reduced C3 levels tend to have(A) increased numbers of severe viral infections(B) increased numbers of severe bacterial infections(C) low gamma globulin levels(D) frequent episodes of hemolytic anemia19. Natural killer cells are(A) B cells that can kill without complement(B) cytotoxic T cells(C) increased by immunization(D) able to kill virus-infected cells without prior sensitization20. A positive tuberculin skin test (a delayed hypersensitivity reaction) indicates that(A) a humoral immune response has occurred(B) a cell-mediated immune response has occurred(C) both the T and B cell systems are functional(D) only the B cell system is functional21. Reaction to poison ivy or poison oak is(A) an IgG-mediated response(B) an IgE-mediated response(C) a cell-mediated response(D) an Arthus reaction22. Idiotypic determinants are located within(A) hypervariable regions of heavy and light chains(B) constant regions of light chains(C) constant regions of heavy chains(D) the hinge region23. A primary immune response in an adult human requires approximately how much time to produce detectable antibody levels in the blood?(A) 12 hours(B) 3 days(C) 1 week(D) 3 weeks24. During the maturation of a B lymphocyte, the first immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized is the(A) mu chain(B) gamma chain(C) epsilon chain(D) alpha chain25. Which one of the following sequences is appropriate for testing a patient for antibody against the AIDS virus with the ELISA procedure? (The assay is carried out in a plastic plate with an incubation and a wash step after each addition except the final one.)(A)Patient's serum/enzyme substrate/HIV antigen/enzyme-labeled antibodyagainst HIV(B)HIV antigen/patient' s serum/enzyme-labeled antibody against humangamma globulin/enzyme substrate(C)enzyme-labeled antibody against human gamma globulin/patient'sserum/HIV antigen/enzyme substrate(D)enzyme-labeled antibody against HIV/HIV antigen/patient'sserum/enzyme substrate26. The BEST method to demonstrate IgG on the glomerular basement membrane in a kidney tissue section is the(A) precipitin test(B) complement fixation test(C) agglutination test(D) indirect fluorescent-antibody test27. A patient with a central nervous system disorder is maintained on the drug methyldopa. Hemolytic anemia develops, which resolves shortly after the drug is withdrawn. This is MOST probably an example of(A) atopic hypersensitivity(B) cytotoxic hypersensitivity(C) immune-complex hypersensitivity(D) cell-mediated hypersensitivity28. Which one of the following substances is NOT released by activated helper T cells?(A) Alpha interferon(B) Gamma interferon(C) Interleukin-2(D) Interleukin-429. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by(A) edema without a cellular infiltrate(B) an infiltrate composed of neutrophils(C) an infiltrate composed of helper T cells and macrophages(D) an infiltrate composed of eosinophils30. Which one of the following is NOT true of class I MHC antigens?(A) They can be assayed by a cytotoxic test that uses antibody andcomplement(B) They can usually be identified in the laboratory in a few hours(C) They are controlled by at least three gene loci in the majorhistocompatibility complex(D) They are found mainly on B cells, macrophages, and activated T cells31.An antigen found in relatively high concentration in the plasma of normal fetuses and a high proportion of patients with progressive carcinoma of the colon is(A) viral antigen(B) carcinoembryonic antigen(C) alpha-fetoprotein(D) heterophil antigen32. When immune complexes from the serum are deposited on glomerular basement membrane, damage to the membrane is caused mainly by(A) gamma interferon(B) phagocytosis(C) cytotoxic T cells(D) enzymes released by polymorphonuclear cells33. If an individual was genetically unable to make J chains, which immunoglobulin (s) would be affected?(A) IgG(B) IgM(C) IgA(D) IgG and IgM(E) IgM and IgA34. The antibody-binding site is formed primarily by(A) the constant regions of H and L chains(B) the hypervariable regions of H and L chains(C) the hypervariable regions of H chains(D) the variable regions of H and L chains35. The class of immunoglobulin present in highest concentration in the blood ofa human newborn is(A) IgG(B) lgM(C) lgA(D) lgD36. Cytotoxic T cells induced by infection with virus A will kill target cells(A) from the same host infected with any virus(B) infected by virus A and identical at class I MHC loci of the cytotoxic Tcells(C) infected by virus A and identical at class II MHC loc i of the cytotoxic Tcells(D) infected with a different vires and identical at class I MHC loc i of thecytotoxic cells37. Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?(A) IgE(B) Gamma interferon(C) Class I MHC antigens(D) Class II MHC antigens38. Which one of the following does NOT contain C3b?(A) Classic-pathway C5 convertase(B) Alternative-pathway C5 convertase(C) Classic-pathway C3 convertase(D) Alternative-pathway C3 convertase39. In setting up a complement fixation test for antibody, the reactants should be added in what sequence? (Ag = antigen; Ab = antibody; C =complement; EA = antibody-coated indicator erythrocytes.)(A) Ag + EA + C/wait/+ patient's serum(B) C + patient's serum + Egdwait/+ Ag(C) Ag + patient's serum + EA/wait/+ C(D) Ag + patient's serum + C/wait/+ EA40. Complement lyses cells by(A) enzymatic digestion of the cell membrane(B) activation of adenylate cyclase(C) insertion of complement proteins into the cell membrane(D) inhibition of elongation factor 241. Graft and tumor rejection are mediated primarily by(A) non-complement-fixing antibodies(B) phagocytic cells(C) helper T cells(D) cytotoxic T cells42. Which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependent on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region?(A)Ability to cross the placenta(B) Isotype (class)(C) Ability to fix complement(D)Affinity for antigen43.A patient skin-tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops induration at the skin test site 48 hours later. Histologically, the reaction site would MOST probably show(A) Eosinophils(B) Neutrophils(C) Helper T cells and macrophages(D) B cells44.Which one of the following statements BEST explains the relationship between inflammation of the heart (carditis) and infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?(A) Streptococcal antigens induce antibodies cross-reactive with heart tissue(B) Streptococci are polyclonal activators of B cells(C) Streptococcal antigens bind to IgE on the surface of heart tissue andhistamine is released(D) Streptococci are ingested by neutrophils that release proteases thatdamage heart tissue45. Y ou have a patient who makes autoantibodies against his own red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. Which one of the following mechanisms is MOST likely to explain the hemolysis?(A) Perforins from cytotoxic T cells lyse the red cells(B) Neutrophils release proteases that lyse the red cells(C) Interleukin-2 binds to its receptor on the red cells, which results in lysisof the redcells(D) Complement is activated, and membrane attack complexes lyse the redcells46. Y our patient is a child who has no detectable T or B cells. This immunodefic iency is most probably the result of a defect in(A) the thymus(B) the bursal equivalent(C) T cell-B cell interaction(D) stem cells originating in the bone marrow47. The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to(A) make antibody(B) lyse virus-infected target cells(C) activate cytotoxic T cells(D) process antigen and present it48. Complement can enhance phagocytosis because of the presence on macrophages and neutrophils of receptors for(A) factor D(B) C3b(C) C6(D) properdin49. The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that(A) it can be administered orally(B) it provides antibody more rapidly(C) antibody persists for a longer period(D) it contains primarily IgM50. Each of the following statements concerning class I MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:(A) They are cell surface proteins on virtually all cells(B) They are recognition elements for cytotoxic T cells(C) They are codominantly expressed(D) They are important in the skin test response to Mycobacteriumtuberculosis51. Regarding Th-1 and Th-2 cells, which one of the following is LEAST accurate?(A) Th-1 cells produce gamma interferon and promote cell-mediated immunity(B) Th-2 cells produce interleukin-4 and -5 and promote antibody-mediated immunity(C) Both Th-1 and Th-2 cells have both CD3 and CD4 proteins on their outercell membrane(D) Before naive Th cells differentiate into Th-1 or Th-2 cells, they aredouble-positives; ie, they produce both gamma interferon and interleukin-4 52. Each of the following statements concerning the variable regions of heavy chains and the variable regions of light chains in a given antibody molecule is correct EXCEPT:(A) They have the same amino acid sequence(B) They define the specificity for antigen(C) They are encoded on different chromosomes(D) They contain the hypervariable regions53. Each of the following statements concerning class II MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:(A) They are found on the surface of both B and T cells(B) They have a high degree of polymorphism(C) They are involved in the presentation of antigen by macrophages(D) They have a binding site for CD4 proteins54. Each of the following statements concerning immunologic tolerance is correct EXCEPT:(A) Tolerance is not antigen-specific; ie, paralysis of the immune cells resultsin a failure to produce a response against many antigens(B) Tolerance is more easily induced in T cells than in B cells(C) Tolerance is more easily induced in neonates than in adults(D) Tolerance is more easily induced by simple molecules than by complexones55. Each of the following statements concerning haptens is correct EXCEPT:(A) A hapten can combine with (bind to) an antibody(B) A hapten cannot induce an antibody by itself; rather, it must be bound to acarrier protein to be able to induce antibody(C) In both penicillin-induced anaphylaxis and poison ivy, the allergens arehaptens(D) Haptens must be processed by CD8+ cells to become immunogenicDirections: Select the ONE lettered option that is MOST closely associated with the numbered items. Each lettered option may be selected once, more than once, or not at all.Questions 56-61(A) T cells(B) B cells(C) Macrophages(D) B cells and macrophages(E) T cells, B cells, and macrophages56. Major source of interleukin-157. Acted on by interleukin-158. Major source of interleukin-259. Express class I MHC markers60. Express class II MHC markers61. Express surface immunoglobulinQuestions 62-65(A) Primary antibody response(B) Secondary antibody response62. Appears more quickly and persists longer63. Relatively richer in IgG64. Relatively richer in IgM65. Typically takes 7-10 days for antibody to appearQuestions 66-69(A) Blood group A(B) Blood group O(C) Blood groups A and O(D) Blood group AB66. People with this type have circulating anti-A antibodies67. People with this type have circulating anti-B antibodies68. People with this type are called "universal donors"69. People with this type are called "universal recipients'' Questions 70-75(A) V ariable region of light chain(B) V ariable region of heavy chain(C) V ariable regions of light and heavy chains(D) Constant region of heavy chain(E) Constant regions of light and heavy chains70. Determines immunoglobulin class71. Determines allotypes72. Determines idiotypes73. Binding of lgG to macrophages74. Fixation of complement by IgG75. Antigen-binding siteQuestions 76-78(A) Immediate hypersensitivity(B) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity(C) Immune-complex hypersensitivity(D) Delayed hypersensitivity76. Irregular deposition of IgG along glomerular basement membrane77. Involves mast cells and basophils78. Mediated by lymphokinesQuestions 79-82(A) IgM(B) IgG(C) IgA(D) IgE79. Crosses the placenta80. Can contain a polypeptide chain not synthe sized by a B lymphocyte81. Found in the milk of lactating women82. Binds firmly to mast cells and triggers anaphylaxisQuestions 83—86(A) Agglutination(B) Precipitin test(C) Immunofiuorescence(D) Enzyme immunoassay83. Concentration of IgG in semm84. Surface IgM on cells in a bone marrow smear85. Growth hormone in serum86. Type A blood group antigen on erythrocytesQuestions 87-90(A) IgA(B) IgE(C) IgG(D) IgM87. Present in highest concentration in serum88. Present in highest concentration in secretions89. Present in lowest concentration in serum90. Contains 10 heavy and 10 light chainsQuestions 91-94(A) Class I MHC proteins(B) Class II MHC proteins91. Involved in the presentation of antigen to CD4-positive cells92. Involved in the presentation of antigen to CD8-positive cells93lnvolved in antibody responses to T-dependent antigens94. Involved in target cell recognition by cytotoxic T cellsQuestions 95-98(A) Fab fragment of IgG(B) Fc fragment of IgG95. Contains an antigen-combining site96.Contains hypervariable regions97. Contains a complement-binding site98. Is crystallizableQuestions 99-103(A) Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)(B) X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia(C) Thymic aplasia(D) Chronic granulomatous disease(E) Hereditary angioedema99. Caused by a defect in the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms 100. Caused by a development defect that results in a profound loss of T cells 101. Caused by a deficiency in an inhibitor of the C1 component of complement 102. Caused by a marked deficiency of B cells103. Caused by a virtual absence of both B and T cellsQuestions 104-108(A) Systemic lupus erythematosus(B) Rheumatoid arthritis(C) Rheumatic fever(D) Graves' disease(E) Myasthenia gravis104. Associated with antibody to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor105. Associated with antibody to IgG106. Associated with antibody to the acetylcholine receptor107. Associated with antibody to DNA108. Associated with antibody to streptococciPractice examinationsPractice examination 1I. Multiple choice (30 marks)1. Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question (10 marks).1. A recipient of a 2-haplotype MHC-matched kidney from a relative still needs immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection because(A) graft-versus-host disease is a problem(B) class II MHC antigens will not be matched(C) minor histocompatibility antigens will not be matched(D) complement components will not be matched2. Bone marrow transplantation in immunocompromised patients presents which major problem?(A) Potentially lethal graft-versus-host disease(B) High risk of T cell leukemia(C) Inability to use a live donor(D) Delayed hypersensitivity3. What is the role of class II MHC proteins on donor cells in graft rejection?(A) They are the receptors for interleukin-2, which is produced bymacrophages when they attack the donor cells(B) They are recognized by helper T cells, which then activate cytotoxic Tcells to kill the donor cells(C) They induce the production of blocking antibodies that protect the graft(D) They induce IgE which mediates graft rejection4. Grafts between genetically identical twins(A) are rejected slowly as a result of minor his-tocompatibility antigens(B) are subject to hyperacute rejection(C) are not rejected, even without immunosuppression(D) are not rejected if a kidney is grafted, but skin grafts are rejected5. Natural killer cells are(A) B cells that can kill without complement(B) cytotoxic T cells(C) increased by immunization(D) able to kill virus-infected cells without prior sensitization6. CDR are located within(A) hypervariable regions of heavy and light chains(B) constant regions of light chains(C) constant regions of heavy chains(D) the hinge region7. A primary immune response in an adult human requires approximately how much time to produce detectable antibody levels in the blood?(A) 12 hours(B) 3 days(C) 7 days(D) 3 weeks8. During the maturation of a B lymphocyte, the first immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized is the(A) μ chain(B) γ chain(C) α chain(D) ε chain9. Which one of the following substances is NOT released by activated helper T cells?(A) Alpha interferon(B) Gamma interferon(C) Interleukin-2(D) Interleukin-410. Which one of the following is NOT true of class I MHC antigens?(A) They can be assayed by a cytotoxic test that uses antibody andcomplement(B) They can usually be identified in the laboratory in a few hours(C) They are controlled by at least three gene loci in the majorhistocompatibility complex(D) They are found mainly on B cells, macrophages, and activated T cells2. Select the ONE lettered option that is MOST closely associated with the numbered items. Each lettered option may be selected once, more than once, or not at all (20 marks).Questions 11-16(A) T cells(B) B cells(C) Macrophages(D) B cells and macrophages(E) T cells, B cells, and macrophages11. Major source of interleukin-112. Acted on by interleukin-113. Major source of interleukin-214. Express class I MHC markers15. Express class II MHC markers16. Express surface immunoglobulin B Questions 17-20(A) Primary antibody response(B) Secondary antibody response17. Appears more quickly and persists longer18. Relatively richer in IgG19. Maintenance in serum longer20. Typically takes 7-10 days for antibody to appear Questions 21-26(A) V ariable region of light chain(B) V ariable region of heavy chain(C) V ariable regions of light and heavy chains(D) Constant region of heavy chain(E) Constant regions of light and heavy chains21. Determines immunoglobulin class22. Determines passage of placenta by IgG23. Binding of IgE to mast cell24. Binding of IgG to macrophages25. Fixation of complement by IgG26. Antigen-binding siteQuestions 27-30(A) IgA(B) IgE(C) IgG(D) IgM27. Present in highest concentration in serum28. Present in highest concentration in secretions29. Present in lowest concentration in serum30. Contains 10 heavy and 10 light chainsII. Definition (30 marks)1. MHC2. Monoclonal antibody3. Ig4. Complement5. Hapten6. Innate immunityIII. Simple answer the questions (40 marks)1. What are the main attributes that make a substance a good antigen?2. Contrast the structures of an IgG, IgM, and IgA molecule.3. What are the main function of (a) macrophage? (b)NK cells?4. Under which circumstance does a graft-versus-host reaction occur?Practice examination 2I. Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question (41 marks).1. Which category of hypersensitivity BEST describes hemolytic phenomenon caused by ABO blood group incompatibility?(A) Atopic or anaphylactic(B) Immune complex(C) Cytotoxic(D) Delayed2. The principal difference between type I and type IV hypersensitivity is(A) the class (isotype) of antibody(B) the site where antigen-antibody complexes are formed(C) the participation of complement(D) the participation of T cells and macrophages3. A patient with rheumatic fever develops a sore throat from which beta-hemolytic streptococci are cultured. After 14 days the patient develops proteinuria, to whom being diagnostic as acute glomerulonephritis. What is the mechanism of this disease?(A) Type I hypersensitivity(B) Type III hypersensitivity(C) Type II hypersensitivity + Type I hypersensitivity(D) Type IV hypersensitivity4. Each of the following statements concerning the variable regions of heavy chains and the variable regions of light chains in a given antibody molecule is correct EXCEPT:(A) They have the different amino acid sequence(B) They define the specificity for antigen(C) They are encoded on the same chromosomes(D) They all contain the hypervariable regions5. A patient with severe asthma(A) mediated by IgG1 antibody(B) mediated by IgG2 antibody(C) initiated by IgE antibody(D) initiated by IgM antibody6. Hypersensitivity to TB (tuberculosis bacilli)(A) mediated by IgE antibody(B) mediated by IgG and IgM antibody(C) mediated by T cells(D) mediated by neutrophil7. A recipient of a 2-haplotype MHC-matched kidney from a relative still needs taking drugs to prevent graft rejection because(A) graft-versus-host disease is a problem(B) class II MHC antigens will not be matched(C)Blood group type will not be matched(D) Minor histocompatibility antigens will not be matched8. Bone marrow transplantation in immunocompromised patients presents which major problem?(A) High risk of T cell leukemia(B) Graft versus host reactions(C) Inability to use a live donor(D) Delayed hypersensitivity9. Grafts between genetically identical individuals (ie, identical twins)(A) are subject to acute rejection(B) Graft accepted(C) are rejected slowly(D) are not rejected if a kidney is grafted, but skin grafts are rejected10. AIDS is caused by a HIV that kills(A) Mast cells(B) CD4-positive T lymphocytes(C) Red blood cells(D) CD8-positive T lymphocytes11. Each of the following statements concerning class II MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:(A) They are found on the surface of macrophage。

《医学免疫学》期末考试(A)参考答案

《医学免疫学》期末考试(A)参考答案

The Final Examination of Immunology (A)Ⅰ. Concepts ( 2.5 marks / concept, totally 20 marks )1. Epitope2. Superantigen3. Positive selection4. Idiotype5. APC6. Hypersensitivity7.Fab8. McAbⅡ. Fill each of the blank spaces with suitable words. (0.5 mark/blank space, totally10 marks)1.Macrophage-derived cytokines include , , ,and .2.Cells with the capacity to induce cytotoxicity of the target cell are, and .plement can be activated directly by microbes throughpathway and pathway at the early stage of infection. MASP1 andMASP2 are involved in the pathway. D factor is involved inthe pathway.4.FcγR is usually found on the surface of , , andcells5.Cytokines like and induce Th1 and inhibit Th2 responses, while and induce Th2 and inhibit Th1 responses.Ⅲ. For each of the following questions, choose the ONE BEST answeror completion. (0.5 mark / question, totally 20 marks)1. PhagocytosisA. Is carried by cells of the adaptive immune systemB. Is restricted to macrophagesC. Is important in bacterial infectionsD. Is a process that dose not involve energyE. Results in division of the cell2. Molecules directly involved in NK cell mediated killing includeA. Muramyl dipeptideB. GranzymeC. ComplementD. IFN-gammaE. Superoxide3. Dendritic cells are characterized byA. The presence of TCRB. Expression of CD3C. Expression of IgM moleculesD. Their ability to release histamineE. Their interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems4. C3bA. Is chemotacticB. Is an anaphylatoxinC. Opsonizes bacteriaD. Directly injures bacteriaE. Is the inactive form of C35. B cell are distinguished from T cells by the presence ofA. CD4B. Surface IgC. CD8D. CD3E. Class I MHC antigen6. Specific antibodies are readily detectable in serum following primarycontact with antigen after:A. 10 minB. 1 hC. 5–7 daysD. 3–5 weeksE. Only following a second contact with antigen7. Protection against microorganisms inside cells is provided by:A. T-cellsB. AntibodyC. C3bD. C1qE. The membrane attack complex8. Activation of the alternative pathway involvesA.C1qB. C1sC. C2D. C3E. C49. The infection in the uterus can be diagnosed based on the elevated levelof antigen specific ___ .A. IgGB. IgMC. IgAD. IgDE. IgE10. Viral replication within cells is inhibited directly byA.IFN-αB.TNF-αC. IL-1D. IL-4E. IL -1311. Which of the following gene clusters do not contribute to antigenbindingA. VLB. CLC. VHD. DE. J12. T cell antigen receptorA. Recognizes conformational epitopes on the native antigenB. Has Ig light chainsC. Is made up of a heavy chain and beta-2 microglobulinD. Are associated with Igαand Igβto form a complexE. Recognize epitopes on linear peptides associated with MHCmolecules13. The class I MHC processing pathway primarilyA. Processes antigens that are present in the cytosol.B. Processes antigen from the extracellular environmentC. Generates peptides, complexes them with class I MHC molecules forpresentation to helper T cellsD. Generates peptides, complexes them with class I MHC molecules forpresentation to NK cellsE. Is involved in the process of the antibody response14. Cytokines responsible for immunosuppression includeA. IL-1B. IL-2C. IFN-γD. TGF-βE. TNF-α15. ___ express CD3 and CD4 moleculesA. Ts and Tc cellsB. Th1 and Th2 cellsC. NK and B cellsD. TH1 and Tc cellsE. All T cells16. Cell with specific killing effects isKB. NKC. NeutrophilsD. CTLE. Mφ17. CD8+ T cellsA. Can be classified into Th1 and Th2 subgroups based on biologicalfunctionsB. Do not produce IFNγC. Can recognize and kill virus infected cellsD. Can bind free virusE. Do not require direct cell to cell contact with their targets for killing18. B cell don’t expressA. CD2B. MHC-ⅠmoleculeC. MHC-ⅡmoleculeD. CR2E. LFA-319. Factors may influence the induction of an immune response includeA. The nature of an antigenB. The route of administrationC. The dose of antigenD. Maturity of the immune systemE. All of the above20. A given Ig isotype isA. A heavy chain variant encoded by allelic genes.B. A light chain constant region encoded by allelic genes.C. Present in all normal individuals.D. A collection of hypervariable region epitopes recognized by ananti-idiotype.E. Monoclonal.21. IgG:A. Appears early in the immune response.B. Kills bacteria directly.C. Is important in mucosal immunity.D. Usually exists as a pentamer.E .Opsonizes bacteria.22. IgA in seromucus secretions:A. Has no J-chain.B. Has no secretory piece.C. Is dimeric.D. Cannot bind to virus.E. Activates the classical complement pathway.23. Which CD molecule can bind with HIV specifically?A.CD2B.CD4C.CD8D.CD21E.CD2824. The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based onA. MemoryB. The bonus effect of multivalencyC. Complement activationD. Mast cell degranulationE. Clonal selection25. Which of the following is true?A. CD4 — MHC-ⅠB. CD8 — MHC-ⅡC. CTLA-4 —B7D. CD40 — CD58E. CD2 — ICAM-126. The cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to IgEproduction isA. IL-1B. IL-2C. IL-3D. IL-4E. IL-527. The C3 convertase in classical pathway of complement activation isA.C3bBbB.C4b2bC.C4a2bD.C4b2b3bE.C3bnBb28. The molecules mediating signal transduction following antigenbinding to cell surface immunoglobulin on a B-cell are called:A. Ig FcB. Ig-alpha and Ig-betaC. MHCD. CD4E. CD329. A severe depression of CD4+T cell subset in man is likely to result inA.Severe depression of humoral immune responseck of development of skin delayed hypersensitivity reactionsC.Both A and BD.Neither A nor Bck of complement30. Cytokines always actA. By binding to specific receptors.B. In an autocrine fashion.C. At long range.D. Antagonistically with other cytokines.E. Synergistically with other cytokines.31. T cell-derived cytokinesA. Are antigen-specific products of T cell activationB. Are stored in the resting T cell and released on activationC. Are MHC-restricted in their effectsD. Influence the class of antibodies produced by B cellE. All of the above32. In the complement systemA. Alternative pathway relys on antibodyB. Classical pathway is best activated by bacterial endotoxinC. C1 is the first enzyme complex in the classical pathwayD. Both the alternative and classical pathway converge at C2E. The membrane attack complex is made up of C3a and C5a33. Ig with binding site for C1q areA. IgE and IgDB. IgG and IgMC. IgM and IgAD. IgA and Ig GE. IgM and IgE34. Prior to class switching, B-cells expressA. IgA aloneB. IgA and IgGC. IgM and IgDD. IgD aloneE. No surface Ig35. Interactions between _____ are not restricted by MHC moleculesA. Th cell & dendritic cellB. NK cell & target cellC. Tc cell & target cellD. Macrophage & Th cellE. Th cell & B cell36. A major factor regulating the adaptive immune response isA. The granulocyteB. Complement membrane attack complexC. C-reactive proteinD. Antigen concentrationE. Platelet37. Penicillin can causeA. TypeⅠhypersensitivityB. TypeⅠ& ⅡhypersensitivityC. TypeⅠ, Ⅱ&ⅢhypersensitivityD. TypeⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ hypersensitivityE. TypeⅡ & Ⅲhypersensitivity38. Which of the following is produced by CD4+ Th1 Cells?A. IL-2 receptorB. IL-8C. C3D. IL-4E. IL-1239. Rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn involvesA. IgE.B. Antibody to cell surfaces.C. Soluble immune complexes.D. Cytokine release from T-cells.E. Stimulatory antibodies.40. InterferonsA. Are found only in mammalian speciesB. Are divided into 5 main familiesC. Inhibit virus replication in the target cellD. Only affect infected cellsE. Are specific for individual virusesⅣ. Answer questions (30 marks)1.Please simply describe the biological functions of antibodies. (3 marks)2.Please simply describe the functions of the important surface moleculesof macrophages. (5 marks)3.Please simply describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediateimmune response. (6 marks)4.Please describe the structure, distribution and functions of HLA-Ⅱmolecules. (6 marks)5.Please compare the components and mechanisms of type Ⅱand Ⅲhypersensitivity. (10 marks)The Answers for the Final Examination of Immunology(A)Ⅰ. Concepts (2.5 marks / concept, totally 20 marks)1. Epitope: the smallest unit of an antigen to which an antibody or cell can bind.2. Superantigen: molecules that polyclonally activate a large fraction of the T cells by binding to MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors.3. Positive selection:thymocytes in the cortex of thymus with TCRs with a moderate affinity for self-MHC molecules on epithelial cells are allowed to develop further. Others undergo apoptosis and die. MHC – restriction.4. Idiotype: are unique antigenic determinants associated with antigen binding sites of antibodies and are the results of the different amino acid sequences which determine their specificities.5. APC: is a cell that displays peptide fragment of protein antigens, in association with MHC molecules, on its surface and activatesantigen-specific T cells.6. Hypersensitivity: refer to the tissue damage or functional disturbance that occurs as an overreaction by the immune system to a variety of antigens encountered on a second occasion.7. Fab: fragment antigen binding. Complete L chain paired with the VH and CH1 domains of the H chain8. McAb:monoclonal antibodies which are produced by a single clone of B cell hybridoma and are homogenous in structure and specificity.Ⅱ. Fill each of the blank spaces with suitable words. (0.5 mark/blank space, totally 10 marks)1. TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 (位置可互换)2. Tc, NK, Macrophage, neurophile,eosinophile,(其中任选三个,位置可互换)3. Alternative, MBL, MBL, Alternative4. NK, Macrophage, neurophile,B cell, eosinophile,pletellete (其中任选四个, 位置可互换)5. IFNγ,IL-12, IL-4, IL-10Ⅲ. For each of the following questions, choose the ONE BEST answer or completion. (0.5 mark / question, totally 20 marks)1. C2. B3. E4. C5. B6. C7. A8. D 9 .B 10. A11. B 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. C21. E 22. C 23. B 24. A 25.C26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. B36. D 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. CⅣ. Answer questions (30 marks)1.Please simply describe the biological functions of antibodies. (3 marks) Biological functions of Ab1)○.5Bind specific with antigens.2)○.5complement activation3)○.5Opsonization4)○.5ADCC5)○.5Mediating type І hypersensitivities:6)○.5Placental transfer and mucosal transfer2.Please simply describe the functions of the important surface moleculesof macrophages. (5 marks)(1).○1Molecules involved in phagocytosis: ○1Scavenger receptors, mannose receptors, LPS receptor (CD14), complement receptors, Fc receptors (FcγRⅢ / CD16, et al) (列举三个以上给1分)(2). ○1Molecules involved in signaling of activaton: ○.5TLR-4 (toll-like eceptor-4), TLR-2(3). ○1Molecules involved in antigen presentation: ○.5MHC class Ⅱmolecules and B7 (after activation), MHC class Ⅰmolecules3.Please simply describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediateimmune response. (6 marks)Antigen recognition of T cell: Class Ⅱ molecules are load with exogenous peptides in an endosomal compartment and are recognized by CD4 helper Tcell○2The activation of T cell: signal 1: the engagement of the TCR; signal 2: B7 on APC bind to CD28 on the T cell○2Effects: Act on Mφand cause their activation; Mediate type Ⅳhypersensitivity; Help B cell growth and Ab production.(答出两种效应即给分)○24. Please discribe the structure, distribution and functions of HLA-Ⅱmolecules. (6 marks)Structure: ○.5heterodimers of α and βglycoprotein chains, ○.5α1 and β1 form the binding groove.Distribution: ○1expressed on APC Function: 1. ○1Antigen processing and presenting (exogeneous pathway): 2. ○1Involve in transplant rejection 3. ○1Regulation of immune response 4. ○1Involve in T cell development in the thymus5. Please compare the components and mechanisms of type Ⅱand Ⅲhypersensitivity. (10 marks)Type Ⅱhypersensitivity Type Ⅲhypersensitivity Ag ○1cellular antigen ○1mostly are soluble Ag Ab ○1IgG , IgM ○1IgG , IgM Mechanism 1. ○1 Cell lysis by complement activation via classical pathway 2. ○1ADCC by NK cell, M φand neutrophiles via Fc γR on these cells 3. ○1Opsonization via CR and Fc γR on phagocytes 1. ○1Complement activation leads to production of C3a 、C5a→activation of basophiles →Tissue edema 2.○1Neutrophile infiltration →tissue damage3.○1Platelet activation →Microthrombi formation。

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Questions:
1.Please describe the concepts of TD-Ag and TI-Ag respectively and compare the differences
between TD-Ag and TI-Ag.
Thymus -dependent antigens are those that do not directly stimulate the production of antibody without the help of T cells.
B cell epitope +T cell epitope
Humoral immunity and cellular immunity
Antibody :five types
Immune memory
Proteins are thymus -dependent antigens.
Thymus -independent antigens are antigens which can directly stimulate the B cells to produce antibody without the requirement for T cell help In general.
only B cell epitope
Humoral immunity
Antibody: IgM
No Immune memory
polysaccharides are TI- antigens.
2.Please describe the general properties of cytokine.
General properties of CKs
⏹Small proteins (MW: approx. 15-30 KD)
⏹Extremely potent, acting at pM or fM
⏹The production is transient and tightly regulated
⏹Autocrine, paracrine or endocrine
⏹Non-specific and non-MHC restricted
3.What are the rules of antibody production in vivo? (What are the general features of
antibody responses in vivo?)
○B Primary response Secondary response
Lag after immunization Usually 5-10 days Usually 1-3 days
Peak response Smaller Larger
Antibody isotype Usually IgM>IgG Relative increase in IgG and,
under certain situations, in IgA
or IgE
(heavy chain class switching)
Antibody affinity Lower average affinity, more
variable Higher average affinity (affinity maturation)
Primary immune response
- longer latent phase;
- smaller peak response (lower Ab titer); - remaining in the serum at detectable
levels for much shorter periods;
- lower average affinity;
- usually IgM;
Secondary immune response
(The immune response followed by secondary antigenic challenge)
- shorter latent phase;
- bigger peak response (higher Ab titer);
- remaining in the serum at detectable
levels for much longer periods;
- higher average affinity;
- usually IgG.
4.Please describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediated immune response.
5.Please describe the components and pathogenic mechanism involved in type Ⅰ
hypersensitivity.
Components involved in type I hypersensitivity
•Allergens are proteins or chemicals bound to proteins that induce IgE antibody responses and elicit an immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction in atopic individuals.
•Allergin is a specific IgE that gives rise to immediate hypersensitivity.
•Atopy: People who have allergies to environmental antigens, such as pollen or house dust, are said to be atopic.
•IgE & its receptor
•mast cells, basophils and eosinophils
Pathogenic mechanisms
First exposure to allergen
Antigen activation of Th2 cells and stimulation of IgE class switching in B cells
Production of IgE
Binding of IgE to FcεR Ιon mast cells
Repeat exposure to allergen
Activation of mast cell: release of mediators
6.What’s the difference between Artificial Active Immunization and Artificial Passive。

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