定语从句-介词加关系代词
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 which （指物） whom(指人），即介词+which/whom。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。
He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which had t been cleaned for at least a year.他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。
In the dark street, there wasn t a single person to whom she couid turn.在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。
定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末 which (指物），that/whom/who (指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the hero that/who/whom/(可省略) we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。
This is the pen that/which/(可省略) I I wrote the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。
【温馨提示】①有些动词+介词的固定词组不可把介词置于关系代词前。
这就是我正在找的磁带。
[误]This is the right tape for which I m looking, [正]This is the right tape that I m looking for.②常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：care for 喜欢,关心deal with 处理，对付get through 通过;到达;接通电话hear from/of 收到某人的来信/听说look for/after寻找/照顾send for派人去请see to照管，料理3.复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
介词加关系代词引导定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一．介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree towhich they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree ) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be athief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
( tell sb. about sb./sth. )The English play in which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trainedfor the job )2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from上个月，东南亚的部分 effects the people are still suffering. whose地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句介词加关系代词引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体。
直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
如：This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。
This is the man whom I referred to.我指的就是这个人。
2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who，或者省略。
如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.which不能换成that，也不能省略This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
which可以换成that，也可以省略3.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如：That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4.在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play.很正式正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.较正式正：There the children had a garden to play in.较口语化注：这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。
(完整版)介词加关系代词定语从句.doc
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和 whom 。
如先行词是物，引导词用which ；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom 。
如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点 1 简单介词 +关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which ；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。
例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn t a single ’person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
高中英语语法：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
高中英语语法“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。
例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。
（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。
如：（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)1.一先,即词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2.二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3.三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, __without which__I cannot see clearly.二、关系副词when,where,why可用“介词+which”来代替。
关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。
when=表时间的介词(如:in,at,during等)+which;Where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;Why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which(1)当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。
I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)Ocean currents affect the climatesof the lands near which they flow. 海流影响其附近陆地的气候。
DNA：the substance in whichgenetic information is stored.DNA是储存基因信息的物质。
Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival.（剑5，R4，3）含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开使用如：look for; look after; take care ofThis is the watch for which I am looking.This is the watch which I am looking for.。
高中英语引导定语从句-介词+关系代词结构归纳
引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中，由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。
但是，不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。
以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。
一．“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who，whom，whose，which，that等。
而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom，which和that三个。
这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语，但是，that作介词宾语时，介词不可放在that之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上，因此，“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。
例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。
He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒，因此而未能参加会议。
There are 30 students in our class，of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人，其中25人是团员。
The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。
有时，我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。
例如:，from where he His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windowscould see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来，从那儿，除了树木他什么也看不见。
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一．介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
( tell sb. about sb./ sth. ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
介词加关系代词(定语从句)
Point 2: 介词的选用
考虑三个因素: “一先,二动,三意义” 1. 根据定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯确定
I never forget the days during which I studied hard.
关系副词 where
This is the house in which / where he used to live.
This is the house (which/that ) he used to live in.
I know of a place in which / where we can swim.
I have lots of friends, some/none of w__h_o_m_are friendly.
I have lots of friends, and some of t_h_e_m_are friendly.
I have lots of friends. Some of t_h_e_m_are friendly.
注意
逗号不可以连接两个句子 不定代词/数词/名词+ 介词+which /whom + 从句 She has three sons, all of whom joined the army. She has three sons, two of whom were engineers. I want a room, the window of which faces the south.
She is a girl w__it_h_w_h_o_m__you can share your sorrow and happiness.
定语从句之介词加关系代词
17. I have many friends ,some_____ are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
D 18. My aunt,_______life was hard, earned little money. A. for whose B. for which C. for who D. for whom
15.His parents wouldn’t let him marry A anyone______family was poor. A. of whom the B. whom C. of whose D.the 16. Frank’s dream was to have his own B shop______to produce the works of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
4. 介词+which (指物),whom (指人), 作分句中的目的、 方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支 配。 1）Could you tell me the man for whom you have bought this coat? 2) He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside. 3) The man , from whom I learned the news ,is an engineer. 5. 介词 by +which (指物),whom (指人), 在被动结构中 表明动作的发出者. 1）The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 2) The man by whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter.
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一．介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。
( tell sb. about sb./ sth. ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
英语学习：由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
英语学习：由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。
This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。
但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。
如：这是一个我们讨论了很多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了很多的问题。
(which能够换成that，也能够省略)3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4. 在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正：There thechildren had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句●“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose.但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去,尤其在口语中。
如:1）Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking?= Do you know the girl (that/who/whom) our teacher was talking to？2) The school （that/which) my brother once studied in is very famous。
= The school in which my brother once studied is very famous。
●要确定关系代词前用什么介词，可以根据:（1）定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配（2)先行词常和什么介词搭配。
如：My mother missed her best friend with whom she worked in her youth.The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.●listen to, depend on，pay attention to, take care of，look for, look after，look at等固定短语，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开.如：This is the old lady whom Harold has taken care of.●“介词+关系代词"前有some, any，none，neither，both，all，most，each，few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词(代词、数词）+ of + which / whom"来引导的定语从句。
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。
如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。
如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点1 简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。
例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) （2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
定语从句专讲-介词+关系代词
9, Luckily, we’d brought a road map without __ we would have lost our way. A it B that C this D which 10, A fast food restaurant is the place, ___ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly. A which B where C there D what
11, Anyway, that evening, ___ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A when B where C what D which
12, What surprised me was not what he said but __ he said it. A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which
3,There are two small rooms in the house, __ serves as a kitchen. A the smaller of which B the small of which C the smaller of them D the smaller one 4, He fell from his horse, as a result of ___ he could not go to work. A that B which C whose D whom
17,The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
介词+关系词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom （指人）两种结构。
【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。
【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。
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④根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定
1. Air, _w__it_h_o_u_t_ which man can’t live, is really important.
2. The pen _w__it_h_which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
1.This is the knife _w_i_th___w_h_ic_h_ I usually cut my pencil.
2.This is the man(_w_h_o_/_w_h_o_m__/t_h_a_t_) I learned the news from.
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
1. Is this the watch that you are looking for?
2. The old man whom I am looking after is better.
be famous fo
2. This is the hero __o_f__ wh proud of
1.The boy w__it_h_w__h_o_m_ his parents are happy is very lovely.
2.The dog _o_f_w__h_ic_h__ he used to be afraid is his favorite animal now.
②根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
1. He is the man _o_n___ whom I think you can depend . depend on 2. The house _f_o_r_ which he paid 100,00 yuan is very beautiful.
pay for
This is the house that /which / 不填 my grandfather once lived in.
This is the house in which my grandfather once lived .
This is the man who/whom/that/ 不填 I learn the news from.
2.The plane __o_n__w_h_i_c_h_ his father worked was very big.
⑤根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介 词，这时是两者兼顾。
1. He has lost the key to the box __i_n_ _w_h_i_c_h_the papers are kept.
1.The man whom you spoke _t_o_ is our headmaster.
2.The city which she lives __in___ is far away.
介词的位置 ①一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词 which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。
1.This is the man __fr_o_m__w__h_o_m__ I learned the news.
This is the man from whom I learn the news.
• preposition+which（指物） preposition+whom (指人）
How to choose the right prepositions
①根据先行词来确定
1. The farm __o_n_which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.
• The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.
介词+关系代词的使用
1. Do you like the book _o_n_w__h_ic_h_she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _fo_r__w_h_i_c_hshe paid $10? 3. Do you like the book f_r_o_m__w_h_i_c_h she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book a_b_o_u_t_w__h_ic_h
on the farm
2. This is the tree __u_n_d_e_rwhich we used to play games.
under the tree
1.Do you remember the day _o_n_w__h_ic_h_ you joined our club?
2.This is the boy _w_i_t_h_w__h_o_m_ I played tennis.
2. His bike__o_n__ _w_h_i_c_h_ he went to work was stolen last night.
My glasses,_w__it_h_o_u_t __w_h_ic_h__I can’t see clearly, are really
important for me.
1. This is the photo a_b_o_u_t which I told you last week.
2. The headmaster is the person _fr_o_m_ whom I got the cup.
③根据定语从句中形容词与介词 的搭配
1. I went to the West Lake _f_o_r_ which Hangzhou is famous.
在固定短语中介词不能提前
• ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能 提前.
• 常见的这类动词短语有:
• look for/after/forward to, • care for(照顾，喜欢） • hear of/about/from, take care of等. • This is the right place I’m looking for.
Unit 2 Growing pains Grammar and usage
This is the house that /which/ 不填 my grandfather once
lived in.
This is the man who/whom/that / 不填 I learn the news from.