英美诗歌选读 第三讲
Unit 3 shakespeare sonnet
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Iambus（抑扬格） Iambic Foot（抑扬音步）
5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre) （五步抑扬格）
Sonnet
18
a b Introduction (起) a b
自考英美文学选读 埃德蒙斯宾塞
The tragic hero in medieval plays seeks the way to heaven through salvation and God's will; V.S. The Renaissance hero is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts.
Selected Readings in English and American Literature
Lecture 3 Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser(1552-1559)
recognised as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in the English language, "the poets' poet".
Contributions
Spenserian Sonnet(斯宾塞十四行诗):
The Spenserian Sonnet is based on a fusion of elements of both the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. It is similar to the Shakespearan sonnet in the sense that its set up is based more on the 3 quatrains and a couplet; however it is more like the Petrarchan tradition in the fact that the conclusion follows from the argument or issue set up in the earlier quatrains. rhyme sheme: abab bcbc cdcd ee
《英美诗歌选读》课件
英美诗歌选读 - 莎士比亚的诗 歌
了解莎士比亚的诗歌创作和其在文学中的巨大影响力，分析他的代表作品和 独特的文学特色。
英美诗歌选读 - 红楼梦中的诗 歌
探索红楼梦中的诗歌形式和作用，分析诗歌与小说情节的关系，体味红楼梦 的诗意之美。
英美诗歌选读 - 美国现代主义 诗歌
介绍美国现代主义诗歌的发展和其独特特征，分析代表作品和独特的艺术手 法。
英美诗歌选读 - 英国浪漫中的代表作品和主题思想。
英美诗歌选读 - 总结
归纳英美诗歌选读的内容和重点，总结诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义，点亮你对诗歌的热情和探索。
《英美诗歌选读》PPT课 件
欢迎来到《英美诗歌选读》PPT课件！本课件将介绍英美诗歌的精选内容，探 讨诗歌的艺术魅力和文化意义。
英美诗歌选读 - 简介
了解英美诗歌选读的概念和作用，探讨诗歌在文学中的重要性和影响力。
英美诗歌选读 - 现代英美诗歌
介绍现代英美诗歌的发展和特点，分析其主题和艺术风格，引领我们进入诗 歌的现代世界。
英美诗歌L3
Literary Context
• Elizabethan Age is best known for its drama
The Globe Theater
Literary Context
• Elizabethan poetry also flourished
– Sir Phillip Sidney (1554-86) – Edmund Spenser – Sir Walter Ralegh (1554-1618) – Christopher Marlowe – Ben Jonson – Shakespeare
– Pentameter – Iambic Pentameter
Scansion
Whan that Aprille with his shoores soote Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Shakesperian Sonnets
1. Read the sonnet aloud 2. What stands out? What do you feel? 3. Note the end rhyme pattern. 4. Mark the meter of the first 2 lines and the last two
Shakespeare
• 1564-1616 married Anne Hathaway • Born in Stratford-upon-Avon • Wrote primarily plays (blank verse)
– Tragedies – Comedies – Histories
• Shakespeare’s Sonnets published in 1609 154 sonnets in all
英诗鉴赏第3次课内容1
(Baldick, 1999: 207)
Dramatics(戏剧诗) ; Narratives（叙事诗）
• ⑵ dramatic poem: uses dramatic monologue or
dialogue and assumes the presence of another character besides the speaker of the poem. (My Last Dutchess by Robert Browning) • ⑶ narrative poem: poems that tell stories, usually emphasizes action or the plot, including ballads, epics, and verse romances. (Iliad and Odyssey; The Death of the Hired Man by Robert Frost; To an Athlete Dying Young, Along the Field As We Came By by A.E. Housman)
2. Feet （音步）:
•
• • • • •
each line of a poem is divided into feet, the basic unit of measurement, according to patterns of accented and unaccented syllables. Following are the five most common types of poetic feet（音步类型）: iambic ( ︶ ˋ): forget（抑扬格） trochee ( ˋ ︶ ): morning（扬抑格） anapest ( ︶ ︶ ˋ): at a house（抑抑扬格） dactyl (ˋ ︶ ︶ ): separate（扬抑抑格） spondee (ˋ ˋ): come, now（扬扬格）
英语诗歌选读第三章
True Friend
Standing by All the way Here to help you through your day Holding you up When you are weak Helping you find what it is you seek Catching your tears When you cry Pulling you through when the tide is high Absorbing your voice When you talk Standing by when you learn to walk
交友之乐可以是至乐
1、孔子：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。 2、万两黄金容易得，知心一个也难求 。 －（清） 曹雪芹 3、鲁迅：人生得一知己足矣。 4、冰心：得奇书读胜看花，有好友来如对月。
二、少 年 行 王维
新丰美酒斗十千，咸阳游侠多少年。
相逢意气为君饮，系马高楼垂柳前。
三、赠汪伦
李白 李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。
注释：
1.Auld 相当于Old, Auld Lang Syne 相当于Old Long Since，意思是The good old days. 2.acquaintance是熟人的意思. 3. gie's相当于give us 4.o' thine 5.tak' =take 6. o'=of
友谊地久天长
英语诗歌选读
第三章 友谊诗歌欣赏
《论友谊》
——培根
“如果你把快乐告诉一个朋友，你将得到两个快乐;而如 果你把忧愁向一个朋友倾吐，你将被分掉一半忧愁.” 这说明了朋友是我们身边必不可少的一个角色，可以为我 们的生活增添色彩. “友谊之重要在于，它能够稀释排解我们心头郁结的情绪。 因阻塞而引起的疾病，对我们身体的危害尤大，远甚于思 想上的闭塞。萨洒（药名，音译）清肝，铁能通脾，硫磺 的气味通肺，卡脱露（药名，音译）明脑。唯有朋友，才 能让人敞开心扉，除此外别无他物。你将与他一起，带着 向善的心情，分担悲伤、恐惧、怀疑，分享欢乐、希望、 忠告。”
英美文学选读美国3.The Modern Period
●The Modern Period1. After the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of Modernism including stream of consciousness appeared. What is stream of consciousness?In Joyce's opinion, the artist, who wants to reach the highest stage and to gain the insights necessary for the creation of dramatic art, should rise to the position of a god-like objectivity; he should have the complete conscious control over the creative process and depersonalize his own emotion in the artistic creation. He should appear as an omniscient author and present unspoken materials directly from the psyche of the characters, or make the characters tell their own inner thoughts in monologues. This literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters is usually termed as "stream of consciousness”.2. How did “The Lost Generation" come into existence in the literary history of the United States? What does the term “The Lost Generation" mean? Who were the leading figures of this literary movement? (Give at least two)When the First World War broke out, many American young men volunteered to take part in "the war to end wars" only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of though and expression. These writers were named by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, “The Lost Generation". Among the greatest figures in "The Lost Generation" are Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and William Faulkner.◆Robert Lee Frost(The Road Not Taken//Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening)1. Frost's poem are mostly concerned with his contemplation on nature and the relationship between nature and man. What is the characteristic of Robert Frost's poetry?By using simple spoken language and conversational rhythms, Frost achieve an effortless grace in his style. He combined traditional verse forms---the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse----with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. In verse form he was assorted; he wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse, and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both, in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 2. Comment briefly on Robert Frost’snature poetry.A. Unlike his contemporaries in the early20th century, Robert Frost did not break upwith the poetic tradition nor made anyexperiment on form. Instead, he learnedfrom the tradition, especially the familiarconventions of nature poetry and ofclassical pastoral poetry, and made thecolloquial New England speech into apoetic expression.B. Many of his poems are fragrant withnatural quality. Images and metaphors inhis poems are drawn from the simplecountry life and the pastoral landscape thatcan be easily understood. But it would be amistake to imagine that Frost is easy tounderstand because it is easy to read.C. Profound ideas are delivered under thedisguise of the plain language and thesimple form, for what Frost did is to takesymbols from the limited human world andthe pastoral landscape to refer to the greatworld beyond the rustic scene.D. These thematic concerns include theterror and tragedy in nature, as well as itsbeauty, and the loneliness and poverty ofthe isolated human being. But first andforemost Frost is concerned with his love oflife and his belief in a serenity that onlycame from working usefully, while hepracticed himself throughout his life.◆F. Scott Fitzgerald(The Great Gatsby)1. The Great Gatsby, a masterpiece inAmerican literature, evokes a hauntingmood of a glamorous, wild time thatseemingly will never come again. Basedon the novel, discuss the characteristicsof Fitzgerald's works.A. Fitzgerald fictional world is the bestembodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, inwhich he shows a particular interest in theupper class society, especially the upperclass young people.B. Fitzgerald never spared an intimatetouch in his fiction to deal with thebankruptcy of the American Dream.C. Fitzgerald is a great stylist in Americanliterature. His style, closely related to histhemes, is explicit and chilly. His accuratedialogues, his careful observation ofmannerism, styles, models and attitudesprovide the reader with a vivid sense ofreality.D. He follows the Jamesian tradition inusing the scenic method in his chapters,each one of which consists of one or moredramatic scenes, sometimes withintervening passages of narration, leavingthe tedious process of transition to thereaders' imagination.2. F. Scott Fitzgerald is a great stylist inAmerican literature. What is his art ofnovels?A. His style, closely related to his themes,is explicit and chilly.B. His accurate dialogues, his carefulobservation of mannerism, styles, modelsand attitudes provide the reader with a vividsense of reality.C. He also skillfully employs the device ofhaving events observed by a "centralconsciousness" to his great advantage.D. In his words, there are plenty of accuratedetails, the completely original diction andmetaphors, the bold impressionistic andcolorful quality.3. Briefly discuss The Great Gatsby.The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F.Scott Fitzgerald, is one of the greatestnovels in American literature. It fullyexplores the disillusionment and despair ofthe Lost Generation through the personaltragedy of a young man whose"incorruptible dream" is easily smashedinto pieces by the crude reality. Theprotagonist, Gatsby, is a mythical figurewhose intensity of dream partakes of a stateof mind that embodies American itself. Hisfailure magnifies the end of the Americandream. The style of the story is explicit andchilly. Fitzgerald's accurate dialogues, hiscareful observation of mannerism and thecolorful images provide the reader with avivid and profound scene of the reality.4. The Great Gatsby is an examination ofAmerican myth in the 20th century.Fitzgerald deliberately depicts Gatsby asa mysterious person so as to achieve theeffect that Gatsby is American Everyman.Please make a brief comment on TheGreat Gatsby.The Great Gatsby is a masterpiece inAmerican literature. It evokes a hauntingmood of a glamorous, wild time thatseemingly will never come again. Besides,the loss of an ideal and the disillusionmentthat comes with the failure are exploitedfully in the personal tragedy of a youngman whose "incorruptible dream" is“smashed into pi eces by the relentlessreality". Gatsby is a mythical figure whoseintensity of dream partakes of a state ofmind that embodies America itself; Gatsbyis the last of the romantic hero, whoseenergy and sense of commitment takes himin search of his personal grail; Gatsby’sfailure magnifies to a great extent the endof the American Dream. However, theaffirmation of hope and expectation isself-asserted in Fitzgerald's artisticmanipulation of the central symbol in thenovel, the green light.◆Ernest Hemingway(In Our Time//The Sun Also Rise//AFarewell to Arms//Men Without Woman)1. What is “Hemingway Code Heroes"?Hemingway's world is limited. He dealswith a limited range of characters in quitesimilar circumstances and measures themagainst an unvarying code, known as “graceunder pressure”, which is actually anattitude towards life that Hemingway hadbeen trying to demonstrate is his works.Those who survive in the process ofseeking to master the code with the honesty,the discipline, and the restraint areHemingway Code Heroes2. Ernest Hemingway, a winner of NobelPrize on Literature, is one of the greatestAmerican writers. Discuss Hemingway'sart of fiction: his style, the particulartype of hero in his novels, and his lifeattitudes, etc.A. Typical of the "iceberg" analogy isHemingway's style.B. "Grace under pressure is actually anattitude towards life that Hemingway hadbeen trying to demonstrate in his works. Inhis works, he depicts characters as braveand unyielded heroes.C. Human speech is full of accents andmannerisms and the use of short, simpleand conventional words and sentences hasan effect of clearness, terseness and greatcare.3. How do you understand Hemingway'sIceberg Principle according to hisworks?A. He deals with a limited range ofcharacters in quite similar circumstancesand measures them against an unvaryingcode, known as “grace under pressure .B. The characters he depicted, with thehonesty, the discipline and the restraint,survive in the process of seeking to masterthe code.C. According to Hemingway, good literarywriting should be able to make readers feelthe emotion of the characters directly andthe best way to produce the effect is to setdown exactly every particular kind offeeling without any authorial comments,without conventionally emotion language,and with a bare minimum of adjectives andadverbs.D. Hemingway develops the style ofcolloquialism initiated by Mark Twain.◆William Faulkner(A Rose for Emily//The Sound and theFury//Light in August//Go Down, Moses)1. What does Yoknapatwapha Countrystand for in Faulkner's novels?A. In William Faulkner's writings, the placeYoknapatawpha Country is frequently set asthe background for the stories. This place isactually an imaginary place based onFaulkner's childhood memory about theplace where he grew up, the town ofOxford in his native Lafayette Country inthe American South.B. With his rich imagination, Faulknerturned the land, the people and the historyof the region into a literary creation and amythical kingdom. The YoknapatawphaCountry series have an overall pattern inwhich the fate of a ruined homeland alwaysfocuses on the collision of Faulkner'sintelligent, sensitive, an idealisticprotagonist with the society of the twentiethcentury. Most of the major themes aredirectly related to this confrontation inFaulkner's novels.2. Give a brief analysis of EmilyGrierson, the protagonist of A Rose forEmily by Faulkner.Set in the town of Jefferson inYoknapatawpa, the story focuses on EmilyGrierson, an eccentric spinster who refusesto accept the passage of time, or theinevitable charge and loss that accompaniedit. As a descendent of the Southernaristocracy, Emily is typical of those inFaulkner's. Yoknapatwapha stories who arethe symbols of the Old South but theprisoners of the past.1.For all/that struck the earth,/No matter if not bruised or spiked with stubble,/Went surely to the cider-apple heap/As of no worth. /One can see what will trouble/ this sliip of mine,whatever sleep it is./were he not gone, /the woodchuck could say whether it’s like his/Long sleep,as I describe its coming on./or just some human sleep.答：Robert Lee Frost. After Apple Picking.Briefly interpret: This poem is a vivid memory of the poet’s working experience on the farm. The poet feels satisfied and tired as well. In this part the poet hints that he will never forget the scene of harvest even in his human sleep, which indicates death.2.Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/And sorry I could not travel both.答：Robert Lee Frost. “Diverged”means seperated and went on different directions. Two lines imply one has to make choice especially in the course of one’s life.3.There was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. This passage describes Gatsby’s extravagance. “moths”are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour,for the wealth of Gatsby.4.He smiled understandingly—much more than understandingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, which you may come across four or five times in life. It faced—or seemed to face—the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby，He is Gatsby, A luxurious party is being held in Gatsby’s house.5.“I glanced back once .A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. The passage describes the end of a big party. The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptiness and vanity of such a pleasure-seeking life.There is a tragic sense.6.Is dying hard, Daddy? No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick. It all depends.答：Ernest Hemingway,Indian Camp. (2)What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question? Life and death. (3)why did the father add “it all depends”after he answered his son’s question? When the father says that dying is pretty easy, he might be thinking about the self-murdered husband. But when he reflects on the wife’s miracle survival of the violent pain in the whole process of birth, he adds the final sentence. Dying is both hard and easy, it all depends on individuals.7.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant-a combined gardener and cook-had seen in at least ten years.答：A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner.(2) Why is Miss Emily Grierson’s death regarded as a fallen monument?Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument. Emily is typical of those who are the symbols of the Old South but the prisoners of past, and she is an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it.8. Only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores.答：A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. “an eyesore among eyesores”means the most unpleasant thing to look at. The passage indicate the house is a perfect mirror image of the owner who is stubborn and coquettish and deliberately detaches herself from the communal life in this small town.。
英美文学选读第三章笔记Romantic period
第三章I.Multiple choice1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thoughtthat designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to seethe individual as the very center of all life and all experience在文學歷史上，浪漫主義認為個人應是生命及實踐的中心。
我們還可以說浪漫主義是將人們的注意力從外部世界---社會文明移到內部世界---人類自已的精神文明的實質2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake ,wordsworth,coleridge,Byron, Shelley and Keats are the marjor poets. Theystarted a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regardas the peotic revolution浪漫主義是詩歌的時代，代表詩人有布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟慈. 他們發起了對新古典主義的反判，這便是後世所稱“詩人革命”3.In the romantic period, Poetry is the most prosperous 繁榮literary form浪漫主義時代也是詩歌的時代4.in the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry intomaturity?Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的結合一詩標志著威廉布萊克創作上的成熟, 該詩創作於法國大革命高潮期間，並擔負諷喻與革命預言的兩重角色，在這首詩中，布萊克探索了對立事物之間的關系，吸引與排拆，理智與精力，愛與恨等對立事物都對人類生存有著舉足輕重的作用，布萊克認為生活就是不斷的對立沖突，如給與和索取，善與惡，天真純樸與經驗世故，肉體與精神等，他認為沒有對立的矛盾，就不會有社會與個人的進步，婚姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調和，並非一方從屬另一方5.The declaration that “ I know that This World is a World ofImagination&Vision” and that “ the Nature of my work is visionary orimaginative” belong to which of the following writingWilliam Blake生活在革命啟示光輝中的布萊克熱切的宣布：“我認為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻象6.In William Blake’s peotry, the father (and any other in whose he saw theimage of the father such as God&his Priest, &King) was usually a figure oftyranny 專治7.the Lone of literature in “Songs of Experience” by William Blake is doleful經驗之歌描寫了一個充滿苦難，貧窮，疾病與戰爭的世界而天真之歌描寫了一個愉快而純潔的世界，盡管著這世界偶有苦難與罪惡8.William Wordsworth is reagrades as a “worshipper of nature”華爾華茲從少年時代，他就對大自然充滿愛戀, 被稱為“大自然的膜拜者”，我如行雲獨自遊“一詩是英國詩中的奇葩，把我們帶入華茲華斯詩歌宗旨的核心9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如行雲獨自遊posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特橋上有感C.The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的收割者D.The Chimney Sweeper 掃煙窗的孩子william black10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems aboutnature and poems about human life按照主題，華的短詩可以分為兩大類，關於自然的關於人類生活的11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?Iyrical Ballads(抒情歌謠集) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and WilliamWordsworth科勒律治合作的抒情歌謠集, 革命與獨立則成為抒情歌謠集中成功的結論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次12.Coleridge’s peoms”the rime of the ancient mariner, christabel and kublakhan are known as Demonic group包括他的三部代表作古航海家之歌，克麗斯特貝爾以及忽必烈汗這些詩歌的顯著特點，便是神秘與想象，詩歌的背景都設在詩人的記憶與夢幻之中，故事的發生，發展與絲毫不受理性的羈絆，這類詩歌的他作目的是將詩人自覺的意識與神的寬恕相調和13.Place me on Sumium’s marbled steep 讓我登上蘇尼姆大理石般的懸崖Where nothingSave the waves and I 那裡隻有海浪與我May hear our mutual murmurs sweep 能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過There,swan like, let me sing and die 在那裡，象天鵝一樣，讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine 一個奴棣的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down you cup of Samian wine 把那杯薩莫斯的酒摔下These lines are taken fromThe Isles of Greece Byron拜爾的西臘島, 節選自唐璜14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19thcentury唐璜是19世紀初斯的著名諷刺史詩15.In his lyrics 抒情詩such as “Ode 頌to Liberty”” Ode to Naples”, PercyBysshe Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred towardtyranny 專治，暴政雪萊對自由的渴望及對暴政的憎惡都體現在詩作中，如自由頌，那不勒斯頌16.Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere 狂野的精靈，你吹遍四方Destroyer and preserver 毀滅者和保存者，Hear, O hear! 聽啊聽Two lines are found inOde to the west wind by shelley 西風頌，雪萊17.In Shelley’s “ To a Skylark”致雲雀the bird , suspended between realityand poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the Poet Both celestial rapture and human limitation18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic dramaPrometheus Unbound雪萊最有造詣的作品是他的四幕詩劇—解放了的普羅米修斯, 詩劇源於希臘神話及古希臘悲劇家埃斯庫羅斯的劇作“被縛的普羅米修斯”，普羅米修斯為人類的生存盜取天火，被刀神之王宙斯拴縛在高加索山上，飽受折磨，雪萊在序言中指出，他雖然沿用埃斯庫羅斯的情節，卻改變了普羅米修斯與宙斯和解的結局，而是將暴君趕下寶座，換來新生的宇宙天地，詩中普羅修斯與天帝的鬥爭表現了法國大革命失敗後，英國與歐洲資產階級革命家對封建反動勢力的不滿與反抗情緒。
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页
学生专业班级英语专业教育班学时数32教学目的通过系统学习英美诗歌的韵律与类型，进一步增强对英美文化的了解，提高英语水平和自身的文化修养。
教学内容1．英美诗歌的韵律，包括韵步、韵步数、押韵、基本押韵格式、十四行诗押韵格式、诗行与韵律的关系、素体诗与自由诗的韵律等；2．英美诗歌的类型，包括叙事诗、抒情诗、融入中国文化的英美诗等，其中的抒情诗包括颂诗、悼亡诗、牧歌、爱情诗、宗教诗、墓志铭等。
教学重点押韵、押韵格式、史诗、颂诗、爱情诗等教学难点押韵及押韵格式，颂诗教学进程每周2学时，前7周学习英美诗歌的韵律，后8周学习英美诗歌的类型，最后一周随堂考试（具体教学进程见教学周历）教学方法课堂讲解欣赏为主，启发学生对诗歌的理解教具多媒体，粉笔，黑板课后总结归纳作业总结所学章节内容，举例说明诗歌的韵律与类型备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
学生专业班级学时数教学目的教学内容英美诗歌的韵步教学重点韵步类型：抑扬格、扬抑格、扬扬格、抑抑扬格、扬抑抑格教学难点抑扬格、扬抑格教学进程第一学时讲授音素、音节、韵步的定义，以及韵步的几种类型第二学时讲授韵步的各种类型，教学方法教具课后总结作业Give a definition of foot and the types of it 备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
重庆交通大学外国语学院课程《英美诗歌选读》电子课件：第一讲- 3 -第一讲 英美诗歌的韵步第一节 韵步的定义与种类韵步（foot ，也被称为音步），是由音节(syllable)组成的，因此，首先要了解什么是音节。
音节由音素（phone ）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。
音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。
例如，scansion[′sk æn ∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。
英语音素分为元音（vowel ）和辅音(consonant)，共有48个。
整理《英美诗歌选读》课程教案
英美诗歌选读课程教学大纲20 年月日A4打印/ 可编辑“英美诗歌选读”课程教学大纲教研室主任：王莉执笔人：曹英慧一、课程基本信息开课单位：外国语学院课程名称：英美诗歌选读课程编号：04188043英文名称：Selected Readings of British and American Poetry课程类型：专业方向限选课总学时：36 理论学时：实验学时：学分：2开设专业：英语专业先修课程：英国文学史及选读（04102613）二、课程任务目标（一）课程任务《英美诗歌赏析》是一门英语专业文学方向限选课程。
对于英语专业学生来说，诗歌作为英语语言学习的重要组成部分，是英语知识结构的一个不可或缺的部分。
诗歌所包含的语言特征、修辞手段和细腻的感情都是英语语言丰富表现能力的集中体现。
另外，诗歌也是增进英语语言能力的重要途径。
诗歌的字里行间都充满了意义，弦外之音、话外之语，它对语言的超常使用将使人们对英语的多种表现手法更加敏感，对英语的特殊表达习惯更加熟悉。
总之，学习诗歌是英语专业学生提高英语水平、提高人文素养以及丰富自己的语言和思想的重要手段。
本课程按照诗歌主题为脉络，介绍诗歌基本知识，梳理英美诗歌的不同流派及其风格，使学生掌握相关韵律法则，引导学生品味诗歌之美，挖掘诗歌内涵，感受诗人寄托在诗中的思想和情愫，进而能够独立进行诗歌阅读、欣赏甚至诗歌翻译及创作。
（二）课程目标具体来说，本课程的教学应达到以下目的和要求：1. 基本诗歌阅读能力：使学生初步了解英、美诗歌的特点、常见修辞手法，英语诗歌的基本要素、相关知识；2. 初步鉴赏能力：能读懂难度适中的英文诗歌，理解字面意思，并能指出主题、韵律形式等，帮助学生进一步感受诗歌中的象征、意象等，挖掘诗歌内涵，领会诗歌的奥妙。
3. 书面表达能力：能就一般或专业性主题撰写简单诗歌评论，流利自如地表达个人观点，做到文章选题合理、结构清晰、内容丰富、逻辑性强。
4. 翻译能力：能翻译所学英语诗歌，译文力争信、达、雅，尽力传达出原文神韵。
押韵的英文小诗（文档3篇）
押韵的英文小诗（文档3篇）以下是网友分享的关于押韵的英文小诗的资料3篇，希望对您有所帮助，就爱阅读感谢您的支持。
第一篇压韵（rhyme）英文诗一般都押运韵。
（一）全韵与半韵（full rhyme and half rhyme）。
全韵是严格的押韵，其要求是：（1）韵要押在重读音节上，其元音应相同；（2）元音前的辅音应不同；（3）如果元音之后有辅音，应相同。
（4）重读音节之后如有轻读音节，也应相同。
下面几对词都符合全韵的标准：why---sigh; hate---late; fight---delight; powers---flowers;today---away; ending---bending.如果仅是元音字母相同，读音不同，不符合全韵：如: blood----hood; there---here; gone---alone; daughter----laughter. 这种情形被称为―眼韵‖（eye rhyme），虽然诗人有时用之，但不是真正的押韵。
仅是辅音相同或仅是元音相同的属半韵：元音不同，其前后的辅音相同，这叫谐辅韵（consonance）如：black, block; creak, croak; reader, rider; despise, dispose. 元音相同，其后的辅音相同者叫谐元韵（assonance），如lake, fate; time, mind.（二）尾韵与行内韵(end rhyme and internal rhyme)押在诗行最后一个重读音节上，叫尾韵。
这是英文诗歌最常见的押韵部位。
诗行中间停顿处的重读音节与该行最后一个重读音节押韵者，叫行内韵。
如：Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,（三）男韵与女韵((masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme) 所押的韵音局限于诗行中重读的末尾音节上，称男韵，也叫单韵，听起来强劲有力。
自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(3)-3
自考《英美文学选读》（英）现代文学时期（3）-3(2) In his later period，Eliot produced only two major volumes of poetic works：Ash Wednesday (1930) and Four Quartets (1944)。
The quest for stability，for order，and for the maintaining of the bourgeois status quo became his primary concern in his later works. The Four Quartets，based on the Christian dogmas of incarnation and resurrection，is concerned with the quest for the immortal element，the stillness within time or history. Man，disillusioned and hopeless in his early poetry，now finds reconciliation in God. Thus，the Four Quartets is characterized by a philosophical and emotional calm quite in contrast to the despair and suffering of the early works. The stream-of-consciousness technique has been largely employed in Eliot’s poems.2.T. S. Eliot’s major achievement in drama writing：He was one of the important verse dramatists in the first half of the 20th century. Besides some fragmentary pieces，Eliot had written in his lifetime five full-length plays：Murder in the Cathedral (1935)，The Family Reunion (1939)，The Cocktail Party (1950)，The Confidential Clerk (1954)，and The-Elder Statesman (1959)。
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页一、课程概述《英美诗歌选读》课程旨在通过对中国英美诗歌的深入学习，使学生能够熟悉英美诗歌的基本形式、技巧和风格，提高他们的文学鉴赏能力，增强他们的跨文化交际意识。
二、教学目标通过本课程的学习，学生将能够：1. 掌握英美诗歌的基本形式，如抒情诗、叙事诗、戏剧诗等；2. 分析英美诗歌的修辞技巧，如拟人、比喻、排比等；3. 理解英美诗歌的主题和风格，并能够进行文学鉴赏；4. 提高英语阅读能力和文学素养；5. 增强跨文化交流意识，培养国际视野。
三、教学内容本课程将选取英美诗歌的经典作品进行阅读和分析，包括英国文艺复兴时期、启蒙时期、维多利亚时期以及美国现代诗歌等。
主要内容包括：1. 英美诗歌的基本形式和特点；2. 英美诗歌的修辞技巧和表达方式；3. 英美诗歌的主题和风格分析；4. 英美诗歌的文学鉴赏方法和技巧；5. 英美诗歌在跨文化交流中的作用和意义。
四、教学方法本课程采用讲授、阅读、讨论和写作相结合的教学方法，以促进学生对英美诗歌的理解和鉴赏能力的提高。
具体方法包括：1. 讲授：对英美诗歌的基本形式、修辞技巧和主题风格进行系统的讲解；2. 阅读：学生将阅读和分析经典英美诗歌，提高他们的文学鉴赏能力；3. 讨论：学生将就诗歌的形式、主题和风格进行分组讨论，促进彼此的交流和思考；五、评价方式本课程的评价方式包括课堂参与、作业完成和期末考试三个部分，以全面评估学生在课程中的学习成果。
具体评价方式包括：1. 课堂参与：学生的课堂发言和讨论表现将作为评价的一部分；2. 作业完成：学生的作业、读后感、评论和短文将作为评价的一部分；3. 期末考试：期末考试将全面测试学生对课程内容的掌握程度。
六、教学资源1. 教材：《英美诗歌选读》教材，用于系统地介绍和分析英美诗歌；2. 辅助阅读材料：相关的英美诗歌集、评论文章和参考书籍；3. 多媒体教学设备：用于展示诗歌原文、播放诗歌朗诵和相关的视频资料；4. 网络资源：用于查找和了解诗人的生平和创作背景。
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案首页一、课程概述课程名称：英美诗歌选读课程类型：专业选修课学分：2学分学时：32学时授课对象：英语专业二年级学生二、课程目标通过本课程的学习，使学生了解英美诗歌的基本特点、形式和技巧，提高学生对英美诗歌的鉴赏能力和批评能力，丰富学生的英美文化知识，激发学生对英美文学的兴趣和热情。
三、教学内容英美诗歌的基本概念、术语和分类英美诗歌的形式和技巧（如押韵、节奏、象征、隐喻等）英美诗歌的历史发展概述重点诗人及其代表作品四、教学方法讲授与讨论相结合：教师对相关知识点进行讲解，学生就诗歌作品进行分析和讨论。
案例分析：通过分析具体诗歌作品，使学生掌握英美诗歌的形式和技巧。
小组合作：学生分组进行诗歌鉴赏和批评，培养学生的团队协作能力。
五、课程安排第一周：英美诗歌的基本概念和术语第二周：英美诗歌的形式和技巧（押韵、节奏）第三周：英美诗歌的形式和技巧（象征、隐喻）第四周：英美诗歌的历史发展概述第五周：重点诗人及其代表作品（莎士比亚、雪莱等）六、教学评估1. 平时成绩：包括课堂参与、讨论、作业等，占总成绩的30%。
2. 诗歌鉴赏报告：学生选择一首英美诗歌进行深入分析，占总成绩的20%。
3. 期末考试：包括选择题、简答题和作文，占总成绩的50%。
七、课程资源1. 教材：《英美诗歌选读》，张伯伦著。
2. 辅助教材：《英美诗歌鉴赏辞典》，王守仁著。
3. 网络资源：英美诗歌相关网站、论坛、博客等。
八、课程要求1. 学生需按时完成作业，积极参与课堂讨论。
2. 学生需阅读教材和辅助教材，了解英美诗歌的基本知识和作品。
3. 学生需充分利用网络资源，拓宽自己的视野。
本课程旨在帮助学生了解英美诗歌的基本特点、形式和技巧，提高学生对英美诗歌的鉴赏能力和批评能力。
通过本课程的学习，学生不仅能够丰富自己的英美文化知识，还能够激发对英美文学的兴趣和热情。
希望学生能够将所学知识运用到实际生活和未来工作中，不断提高自己的综合素质。
英美诗歌选读PPT课件
-
2) The Narrative Poem There are three major subclasses of narratives: epic, metrical romance, and ballad; but there are a very large number of narrative poems which can not be easily classified and which do not fit into any of these three kinds.
At this level, poetry parallels fiction and drama, forming with them the greatest three of the conventional literary categories which divideቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱthe pages of popular literary textbooks, such as
14
音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音- 节三类。 单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。 双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，
mountain等。 多音节：wonderful，revolution，satisfactory等。 辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和
And the term prosification is utilized as an opposite to versification, in systematic antithetic senses.
6
Internals of poetry :Imagery, S-ubject Matters and Themes
英美诗歌选读..
DEFINITION OF POETRY
The most common is the genological level,(genre) at which critics define poetry as a genre of literature, the collective body of compositions termed as poems. At this level, poetry parallels fiction and drama, forming with them the greatest three of the conventional literary categories which divide the pages of popular literary textbooks, such as An Approach to Literature (Fifth Edition, 1975) by C. Brooks, J. T. Purser, and R. P. Warren.
INTERNALS OF POETRY :IMAGERY, SUBJECT MATTERS AND THEMES
Unit 1 General introduction
Definition of poetry Externals of poetry Internals of poetry Genres of poetry Approaches towards poetry text analysis
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Another is the popular typographical level. As poetry is defined all that is printed in the line form on the page, people, including many critics of course, take their cue from the appearance in deciding what is poetry and what is not; and thus, accordingly, they will fail or refuse to recognize the passage below as poetry. How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach, when feeling out of sight for the ends of Being and ideal Grace. ……and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.
《英美诗歌选读》课程教案
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
第一讲英美诗歌的韵步第一节韵步的定义与种类韵步（foot，也被称为音步），是由音节(syllable)组成的，因此，首先要了解什么是音节。
音节由音素（phone）构成，它是语音中最小的不可再分解的单位，是字母组合后的读音标记。
音素靠听觉辨认，字母靠视觉辨认，音素属于读音系统，字母属于拼写系统。
例如，scansion [′skæn∫зn]由8个字母拼写而成，只有7个音素。
英语音素分为元音（vowel）和辅音(consonant)，共有48个。
音节是英语的发音单位，由一个元音或者由一个元音同一个或若干个辅音构成。
音节可分为单音节、双音节、多音节三类。
单音节：you，day，me，big，make，bar等。
双音节：begin，open，foolish，summer，mountain等。
多音节：wonderful，revolution，satisfactory等。
辅音也可构成音节，如people，rhythm中的ple和thm都属于一个音节。
每个英语单词都有一个重读音节，其重读音节是固定的。
如husband，共两个音节，第一个音节重读；express有两个音节，第二个音节重读；beautiful有三个音节，第一个音节重读；religion有三个音节，第二个音节重读；subterranean有四个音节，第三个音节重读。
在短语或句子中，冠词和介词一般不重读。
如在in the morning，on a desk中，in、the、on、a都不重读。
弄清楚什么是音节，就可以理解什么是韵步了。
韵步是一个或两个重读音节和一个或两个非重读音节的排列组合。
其类型如下：韵步类型表第二节韵步类型举例一、抑扬格抑扬格是一个非重读音节和一个重读音节的排列组合。
英语诗歌以抑扬格韵步为主，如莎士比亚十四行诗《我可以把你比作夏天吗？》最后两行的韵步划分如下（每个韵步由竖杠“|”隔开，“_”代表非重读音节，“/”代表重读音节）：_ /. _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |as men |can breathe |or eyes |can see,_ / _ / _ / _ / _ /So long |lives this |and this |gives life |to thee. 1(William Shakespeare: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’ Day)每个韵步都是两个音节，且每个韵步都是一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英美诗歌选读第三讲[大] [中] [小]英美诗歌的押韵押韵（rhyme）是指一个音节的读音在以后音节读音中的重复，或是一个单词的最后一个音节或几个音节的读音在以后音节相应位置的读音重复。
从押韵的位置看，押韵主要有头韵（alliteration）、尾韵（end rhyme）和中间韵或腹韵（internal rhyme）。
尾韵又分全韵（perfect rhyme）和非全韵（imperfect rhyme）两种。
全韵要求押韵的辅音和元音都相同，非全韵又包括只是元音相同但辅音不押韵的元韵（assonance）和只押辅音不押元音的和韵（consonance），另外，还有从拼写上看起来似乎押韵但实际读音并不押韵的目韵（eye rhyme，visual rhyme or sight rhyme）等。
第一节头韵头韵是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。
如克里斯蒂娜•罗塞蒂的《歌》前两诗节：When I am dead，my dearest，Sing no sad songs for me；Plant thou no rose at my head，Nor shady cypress tree：Be the green grass above meWith showers and dewdrops wet；And if thou wilt，remember，And if thou wilt，forget. [1]（Christina Rossetti：Song）第一行的dead / dearest，第二行的sing / sad / songs，第五行的green / grass，第六行的with / wet押头韵。
又如柯尔律治的《古舟子咏》第103~第106行：The fair breeze blew，the white foam flew，The furrow followed free，We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea. [2]（Samuel Taylor Coleridge：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）前三行里，头韵[f]重复七次。
这个摩擦送气的清辅音模仿柔风轻涛的声音，创造出一种宁静的意境。
第四行里的两个[s]音宛如和风吹过沉寂海面而发出的咝咝声。
头韵在这里的使用，令读者有身临其境之感。
另外，中间韵blew / flew，first / burst，furrow / followed，尾韵free / sea形成悦耳动听的韵味和节奏感。
再如莎士比亚编号为71的十四行诗前八行：No longer mourn for me when I am deadThan you shall hear the surly sullen bellGive warning to the world that I am fledFrom this vile world with vilest worms to dwell.Nay，if you read this line，remember notThe hand that writ it；for I love you soThat I in your sweet thoughts would be forgotIf thinking on me would make you woe. [3]每行都有不同的头韵。
第一行为mourn / me，第二行为surly / sullen，第三行为warning / world，第四行为world / worm，第五行为read / remember，第八行为me / make和would / woe。
第二行、第三行和第五行为than / that / this，第七行和第八行为thoughts / thinking。
这样的不同首字母交替出现在一个诗节中，可以称为交叉头韵。
诗人在使用头韵时，还使用一种声音的重复，通过这种声音的重复表达一种独特的情感。
如多恩的《歌》：When thou sigh’st，thou sigh’st not windBut sigh’st my soul away；When thou weep’st，unkindly kind，My life’s blood doth decay.It cannot be，That thou lov’st me，as thou say’st，If in thine my life thou waste，Thou art the best of me. [4]（John Donne：Song）此诗节使用的头韵有when / wind / weep / waste，sigh / soul / say，doth / decay，blood / be / best，thou / then / that等。
另外，在sigh、kindly、thine、my和life中有频繁的元音字母i，此音暗示悲伤和抑郁，加上它是一个长元音，自然就减缓了诗行自然的快节奏运动，哀伤和抑郁之情得到了充分的表现。
同样的诗歌技巧也体现在爱伦•坡的《乌鸦》之中，如该诗的最后一节：And the Raven，never flitting，still is sitting，still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door；And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming，And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor；And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floorShall be lifted –nevermore！[5]（Allan Poe：The Raven）此诗节中除了各行的头韵（still / sitting，pallid / Pallas，his / have，lamp / light，from / floating / floor），还有内韵（flitting / sitting，seeming / dreaming等），贯穿整个诗节的短元音[i]、[æ]，长元音[i：]、[o：]和双元音[?u]生动地传达出了主人公的痛苦和绝望。
第二节尾韵尾韵（end rhyme）指行尾押韵单词最后的重读元音及其后面的辅音在读音上相同，而元音前面的辅音则不能相同。
也就是说，元音以及元音后面的辅音押韵，而元音前面的辅音则不押韵。
这种韵又被称为全韵（perfect rhyme）。
根据音节的数量，可分为单音节尾韵（single rhyme）、双音节尾韵（double rhyme）和三重音节尾韵（triple rhyme）。
单音节尾韵又称男韵或阳韵（masculine rhyme），是在诗行结尾重读音节之间出现的最普遍的押韵。
如米勒《在太平洋之滨》第二诗节：Above yon gleaming skies of goldOne lone imperial peak is seen；While gathered at his feet in greenTen thousand foresters are told.And all so still！So still the airThat duty drops the web of care. [6]（Joaquin Miller：By the Pacific Ocean）第一、四行押韵，第二、三行押韵，第五、六行押韵，都是重读单音节。
虽然是单音节押韵，但它只要求一个音节押韵，而不要求押韵的一个音节是一个单音节单词。
例如叶芝《走过柳园》第一节：Down by the sally gardens my love and I did meet；She pass’d the sally gardens with little snow-white feet.She bid me take love easy，as the leaves grow on the tree；But I，being young and foolish，with her would not agree. [7]（W. B. Yeats：Down by the Sally Gardens）这里第四行的agree就是一个双音节单词，它只在第二个音节上与前行的tree押韵，而且它是重读音节。
双音节韵又称女韵或阴韵（feminine rhyme），其基本特征是行尾单词最后两个音节押韵，其中倒数第二个音节是重读音节，而最后一个音节是非重读音节。
由于其读音是重读加非重读结构，因此它又称扬抑格韵（trochaic rhyme）。
如华兹华斯的《写于三月》前四行：The cock is crowing，The stream is flowing，The small birds twitter，The lake doth glitter. [8]（William Wordsworth：Written in March at Brother’s Water）行尾的crowing / flowing，twitter / glitter相互押韵。
两组押韵都是由双音节单词组成，每个单词的第一个音节为重读音节，第二个音节为非重读音节。
又如丁尼生《女郎夏洛特》第一部分的第二诗节：Willows whiten，aspens quiver，Little breezes dusk and shiverThrough the wave that runs foreverBy the island in the riverFlowing down to Camelot.Four grey walls，and four grey towers，Overlook a space of flowers，And the silent isle imbowersThe Lady of Shalott. [9]（Alfred Tennyson：The Lady of Shalott，Part I）行尾的quiver / shiver / river，towers / flowers / imbowers相互押韵，除了imbowers，其余单词都是双音节单词，都是第一个音节为重读，第二个音节为非重读。