XXXX考研1号考研英语语法10天速成电子教材

XXXX考研1号考研英语语法10天速成电子教
材
定语从句（上）
一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？
例: A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least.
用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。

有两个必备的差不多元素。

一个是先行词；一个是关系词。

1.名词或代词做先行词。

例：He laughs best who laughs last.
2.短语做先行词。

Many of life’s problems which were solved by as king family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of t he extended family to resolve.
3.用句子做先行词。

The Greeks assumed that the structure of languag
e had some connection with the process o
f thought, which took root in E urope lon
g before people realized how diverse languages could be.
I am a student which you all know.
当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。

如：Today, stepladders car ry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you mig ht -- surprise! -- fall off.
找先行词的方法。

反证法。

把它带到里面去。

哪一个是通顺的，哪一个确实是先行词。

翻译定语从句。

结合先行词的结构特点和位置特点在关系词之前查找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑关系相符合的词。

定语从句（下）
二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。

1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。

Whom现在用的专门少。

前面有介词只能用which，不能用that。

2. 关系代词在考试中的专门情形。

What:1)它是子母同体。

相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。

What 前面不应该在显现先行词。

如果前面差不多偶一个关系词，就不能用wha t来引导。

例如：You can have everything what you like. what=all that,因此这儿不能用what.
All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life
what is the need
the things need
for our needs
that is need
2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。

例如：She is not what she used to be.
3)what 后面加名词
例如：What money I have has been given to you.
1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and in accurat e
What little
So much
How much
So little
as
like
作为
when
引导定语从句。

即可引导限制性定语从句，也能够引导非限制性定语从句。

引导限制性定语从句一样式固定用法。

如as…as, such…as as引导非限制性定语从句
例如：I was a boy which you know. which能够用as替换。

As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
as引导限制性定语从句
考试中往往考固定搭配。

例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed.
than 作为关系代词能够引导定语从句
More families consist of one parent households or two working paren ts; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home ___ _ was common in the traditional family structure .
A.than
B.that
C.which
D.as
特点：
than作为关系代词引导词在从句中一样必须做主语或者作宾语。

than 前面的主句必须要有比较级
比较级所修饰的名词确实是than指代的对象
三、关系副词
When引导的定语从句。

1)先行词必须是表示时刻的名词。

Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries bega n holding more companies liable for their customers’misfortunes.
2)如何区分when引导的定语从句和状语从句。

用句子表示状语确实是状语从句。

例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.
从两方面区分：
When 引导的定语从句前一定有表示时刻的名词；When 引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时刻的名词。

从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句能够不翻译。

如果是状语从句就必须翻译成当……时候。

When=on which
Where
where=in which
where引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。

例如：
I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.
先行词表示地点,不一定用where来引导。

例如：
I have never been to Beijing ,but it’s the place __.
A.where I’dlike to visit
B.in which I’d like to visit
C.I most want to visit
D.thar I want to visit it most
名词从句
讲五个咨询题：
一、名词从句的本质。

概念：确实是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。

那么从句就具备了名词所具备的所有性质。

主语、宾语、表语、同位语。

引导名词从句常用的连词。

有三类：1）that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,whe re ,how等连接副词或what,who,whose等连接代词。

That引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。

what一定在从句中充当主语或者宾语。

Which 和whose 后面必须接名词。

例如：
Concerns were raised __witness might be encouraged to exaggerate th eir stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
A.what
B.when
C.which
D.that
3)多重的名词从句现象。

例如：
I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.
考题：Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in ot her contexts.
[A] that you have observed
[B] that how you have observed
[C] how that you have observed（D）
[D] how what you have observed
二、名词从句中的主语从句
主语从句有如下几种表示方式：
1.用which, that放在句首引导主语从句。

例如：
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
3.用it is +ved+that…例如：
It is believed that you are good boy.
用whether引导主语从句。

例如：
Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.
三、宾语从句
需要把握的几点：
及物动词后面的宾语从句。

2005年例句：
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smokin
g would kill us?
四、表语从句
确实是一句话做另一个句子的表语。

确实是把从句放在系动词的后面。

1997年例句：
A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendl y, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.
五、同位语从句
确实是用来补充讲明同位语的名词成分的句子。

结构是：名词+that+从句。

同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区不：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的that, which能够省略，而引导同位语从句的that不能省略。

定语从句中的that必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。

同位语从句的that不扮演任何成分。

例如：
There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instabili ty. that不做句子成分。

状语从句（上）
第三讲状语从句（上）
状语从句的本质。

确实是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语。

状语从句的分类：时刻状语、地点状语、缘故状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、比较状语、方式状语。

2005年例句
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower b ut not another, ____ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.
A. when
B. since
C. for
D. whereas
难点：1.When
常考的句型：Hardly…when; when it comes that; when it comes to ; 1991年例句：
____to speak when the audience interrupted him.
A. Hardly had he begun
B. No sooner hardly had he begun
C. Not until he begin
D. Scarcely had he begin
1998年例句：
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, an d this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
A. before
B. as C since D. when
2.地点状语从句
Where 引导地点状语一样总是放在主句的后面。

例如：
A driver should slower down where there are schools.
3.缘故状语从句
Since从……起；因为……
比较专门的连词：in that因为的意思。

例句：The girl is like her mot her in that she also has very delicate feeling.
Now that…因为；given that…
目的状语从句
lest…唯恐，可怕;for fear当心，可怕引导的是虚拟语气。

谓语是sho uld +动词原形。

should常省略。

5.结果状语从句有两种引导法so…that; so that; such…that; suc
h that
2001年例句：Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends s o much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost th e will and the skill to speak for itself.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. what
把so…that; so that; such…that; such that中的so或such放在句首形成倒装句。

例如：
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine it’s sp eed.
to the extent (that)表示结果
to some extent 表示在……之内。

在某种程度上
6.条件状语从句用unless；if 引导
难点：only if ; if only
only if是“只有”的意思; if only是“只要”意思。

2000年例句：He can continue to support himself and his family ____ he produces a surplus.
A. only if
B. much as C .long before D. ever since
要记住：supposing (that)…;provided (that)…;on condition that…
例如：He will surely finished job on time ____he has left to do it i n his own way.
A.in that
B.in case
C.as far as
D.so long as
状语从句（下）
7.让步状语从句although; though; even if; even though
1997年例句：__ __ its economy continues to recover, the US is incr easingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.
A. Even though
B. Now that
C. If only
D. Provided that
2004年例句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __ _ a direct causal relationship has n ot yet been established.
A. provided
B. since
C. although
D. suppos ing
表示让步转折的介词：in spite of; despite 例如：__what he achieved in medicine he remained modest.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. If
D. Whereas
However; nevertheless; nonetheless
1998年例句：This view; __,is generally thought to be wrong.
A. however
B. meanwhile
C. therefore
D. more over
While当……时候；然而，然而
重点：与as有关的让步状语从句
由as 引导的倒装句
adj.,adv.,分词，名词，短语+as+主语+谓语。

例如：Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things.
as 或so+adj+as+主谓结构
例如：As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and st udy tonight.
8.比较状语从句
重点讲倍数为题
1.倍数+比较级A is three times bigger than B.
2.倍数+as…as 结构。

A is three times as big as B.
3.倍数+名词结构A is Three times the size of B.
No more than 特点：
1. No more than=not any more than
2.从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比关系。

3.从意义上看是和……一样。

Not so much as
结构上有两种1. Not A so much as B.
2.not so much as B.与其讲A，不如讲B。

例如：It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just w asn’t interested in the whole business.
A. rather
B. so
C. than
D. as
并列句
一、并列句
并列句的结构要从后面往前找。

例如:I like apples from Japan and ba nanas.
and 能够连接两个并列的词语、短语、句子成分、从句以及句子。

有and 就确信有并列。

有并列就一定要弄清晰并列的成分。

and 有并列。

但并列在考研中有几十种情形。

要按照每一种不同的并列进行不同的处理。

有and 的并列就要从and 的后面往前找，而不是从前面往后找。

二、定语后置
She is a beautiful girl.
一个形容词定语就相当于一个of引导的名词作后置定语。

上句可写成She is a girl of beauty.
插入语
插入语
能够从句子中拿出来而不阻碍整个句子主谓结构的部分确实是插入语。

插入语与同谓语的区不：插入语往往是插在主谓之间。

例如：I am an ugly man.可换成I am a man who is ugly.
还可换成I ，who is a man , am ugly.
从命题角度来看插入语的两个逗号就相当于两个括号。

表示对插入语前面的讲明和讲明。

从长难句的处理角度来看。

插入语扮演的角色确实是能够作为整体提出来放到一边最后处理，确实是直截了当把插入语翻译后放在括号里。

分词现象
要紧有四种考法。

（略）
插入语
语法应用上
考研中不一定专门考语法。

要紧是应用语法知识进行阅读、完型、写作等等。

关键确实是运用语法处理长难句。

例如：She ,who is her mother’s daughter ,is a girl of beauty which is envied by lily who is of ugliness which we all know.
剥洋葱似的分析句子的方法和步骤：
以句号为单元判定那个句子中有几个洋葱。

1）看句号句子中有没有and和or。

还要看它们连接的是不是句子。

如果是词和短语那么and前后就不是独立的洋葱。

只有当两个句子并列的时候才是连个洋葱。

例如：I like apples and bananas.其中的apples and bana nas是宾语并列。

再如：I am 22 and Jim is 23.这时确实是两个洋葱。

看句号里有没有but.有but 也不一定确实是两个洋葱。

例如：But I a m a boy.
看句号里有没有专门的标点符号。

冒号“：”从命题的角度看如果咨询题出在冒号的前面，答案一样显现在冒号的后面。

如果咨询题出在冒号的后面，答案大多数情形下显现在冒号的前面。

从长难句解读角度看冒号前后是独立的。

破折号“—”考研英语中破折号“—”等于冒号“：”功能是一样的。

分号“；”分号前后独立各自成为一个洋葱。

对每一个洋葱分不剥皮。

每一个洋葱的第一层皮确实是那个句子的核心内容。

此后从第二层开始，每一层皮就表示一个语法现象。

把每一层皮分不翻译成中文。

在剥皮处设咨询。

用设咨询的方式把每一层皮连接在一起。

这确实是化整为零，再从零到整。

语法应用下
综合运用往常所奖的语法知识。

连续讲解利用剥洋葱的方法在考研的长难句中的应用。

1994年真题第一篇文章。

Passage I。