工程硕士研究生英语B卷
工程硕士研究生英语试题
工程硕士研究生英语试题I Multiple choiceDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentences there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.1 I’m expecting________ an answer to my letter.A toB forC ofD -2 Mary didn’t pass her exam. We agree it was_______.A rather difficultB too easyC same ratherD very different3 We are trying to________ the meeting________ this afternoon.A reschedule, forB reschedule, toC reschedule, inD rescheduling, for4 Which of the letters_______ in our advertisement?A we should useB should use weC should we useD we use5 The components are being sent to Sydney by air and they’ll _____from the airport by our agent.A collectB have collectedC be collectedD collected6 The company can certainly________ the client________ these goods at very good prices.A supply, withB with supply, inC ask, forD get, to7 It is too early to________ for flight A727.A checkB check outC haveD check in8 One of the factors we should_______ consideration is the size of the market.A take intoB takeC take inD take to9 Y ou can’t _______ the Great Hotel for a whole week.A stay atB staying atC forD at10 He is responsible_______ receiving visitors.A toB ofC forD at11There is so much to see in Beijing _________ alone that every tourist complains of lack of time.A onlyB soC itselfD alone12 I have _______ to meet a tourist who can stand a whole Chinese opera.A alreadyB yetC notD never13 How to talk to a Martian is rather a (an) ________ question.A sophisticatedB appropriateC historicD academic14 The shortage of food caused widespread ___________ in that area.A disasterB investigationC unhappinessD compensation15 The Party enjoys immense ___________ among the masses.A propagandaB sympathyC authorityD conscience16 _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A If I realizedB Had I realizedC Did I have realized thatD As I realized17 Tom said that he would n’t mind __________.A to wait for usB waiting for usC wait for usD for waiting us18 _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A Little they realizeB They little do realizeC Little realize do theyD Little do they realize19 The chemistry class _______ for five minutes when we hurried there.A had been onB was onC has been onD would be on20 John suggested ________ anything about it until they found out more facts.A not to sayB saying notC to say notD not sayingII Fill in the blanksDirections: Choose the correct word to fit into each sentence, using the proper form.trend career access favourable superioity result from put in perspective turn into load1 In this competitive world, it is better for any firm to gain technology .2 His failure _______ not working hard enough.3 Students must have _______ to good books.4 There is an obvious that young people like less formal clothing.5 We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical .6 The truck was carrying a of bananas.7 All the buildings had been ______ hospitals.8 My grandfather was a teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.9 The movie received generally reviews.10 Thank you for all the time and effort you .III Complete the following sentences with the missing prepositions or adverbs.1 Tonight’s program focuses ____ homelessness.2 As _____ happiness itself, this is large your decision to make.3 This Net refers the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, and telephone lines that connect the whole world.4 According to the author’s opinion, Internet shopping belongs the first aspect.5 We dreamed _____ buying our own house.6 As the Net pushes the economy rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward.7 How much you get paid is dependent ______ how much you produce.8 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world a brand new era of “electronic currency”.9 The developing countries have to compete _____ the developed for world market.10 Such things _____ silver and gold are incomparable with love.IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, there are four passages. After each passage there are five questions with four choices for each. Choose the best one for each question.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageIn the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list but so were some po sitive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millionsof Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness”. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy，the articles said avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.1 The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ____.A the way you handle major events may cause stressB what should be done to avoid stressC what kind of event would cause stressD how to cope with sudden changes in life2 The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ____.A widespread concern over its harmful effectsB great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD popular avoidance of stressful jobs3 The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ____.A how much pressure you are underB how positive events can change you lifeC how stressful a major event can beD how you can deal with life-changing events4 Why is “such simplistic advice” in Line 1 Para.3 impossible to follow?A No one can stay on the same job for longB No prescription is effective in relieving stressC People have to get married somedayD You could be missing opportunities as well5 According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____.A nervous when faced with difficultiesB physically and mentally strainedC more capable of coping with adversityD indifferent toward what happens to themPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageIt is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of theNavy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones can often travel thousands of miles.6 The passage is chiefly about ____.A an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB the civilian use of a military detection system.C the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales7 The underwater listening system was originally designed ____ .A to trace and locate enemy vesselsB to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC to study the movement of ocean currentsD to replace the global radio communications network8 The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ .A the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB the capability of sound to travel at high speedC the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water9 It can be inferred from the passage that____.A new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD military technology has great potential in civilian use10 Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network﹖A It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C It became useless to the military after the cold war.D It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol（胆固醇），one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet (下降) in recent years which inturn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called designer eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran (糠) In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the sane amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body’s production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit one’s intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this w ithout regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.11 The main purpose of this passage is ____.A to inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterolB to convince people to eat “designer” eggs and substitutesC to persuade people to that eggs are unhealthy and should not be eatenD to introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level12 According to the passage, the cause for changes in the sale of eggs has been _____.A dietary changes in hensB decreased productionC increasing priceD concerns about cholesterol13 According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol.A 1/3B 1/2C 2/3D 3/414 The author means by the phrase “mixed results” in the second paragraph that ____.A the results are blendedB the results are inconclusiveC the results are a composite of thingsD the results are mingled together15 According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT ____.A scrambledB friedC poachedD boiledPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most----people with rising incomes, stables, or declining incomes. Actually, in the years1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy .If they expect prizes to go down ,they will postpone buying .But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying .One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a ti me of rising prices.” In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on others.”Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked .This is shown by the following typical comment,”I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be prices stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to considering them ‘right ‘and expecting them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology16 The example of the mechanic’s wife is intended to show that in times of rising prices ____.A people with declining income tend to buy lessB people with stable income tend to borrow lessC people with increasing income tend to buy moreD people with money also tend to buy less17 Findings in investigations in Britain indicate ____.A certain factors should be taken into accountB people in Britain behave in the same way as those in AmericaC price stability results from a correct understanding of consumer psychologyD occasional discount and sales are necessary18 According to the passage people tend to buy more when ____.A prices are expected to go upB prices are expected to go downC prices don’t changeD the business policy doesn’t change19 The best title of the passage is ____.A Consumer’s purchasing powerB Relationship between income and purchasing powerC Traditional assumptionsD Studies in consumer behavior20 The word “evoked” in line 19 could best be replaced by ____.A engagedB debilitatedC stimulatedD evolvedIV TranslationA Directions: Put the following English paragraphs into Chinese.1．The job taught me a valuable lesson: that to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a good listener. Today I will carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.2 In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the form. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes.3 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”. With the emergence of an electronic currency, every one of us will be affected.B Directions: Put the following Chinese sentences into English.1 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
2024年研究生考试-工程硕士-英语运用能力测试考试历年真题常考点试题4带答案
2024年研究生考试-工程硕士-英语运用能力测试考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1.We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her_____ I saw her.A.the momentB.for the momentC.the moment whenD. at the moment when2.A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS, ________were surprising.A. as resultsB.which resultsC. the results of itD.the results of which3.On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window _____ what happened outside the room.A.to seeingB. to seeC.seeingD.to have seen4.This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains a problem if it ______.A.isB. savesC.doesD.hasA.thatB. whetherC.soD.because6.In fact Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than ____ in New York.A.to stayB.stayedC.stayD.having stayed7.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.A.performingB.performedC.to be performedD.being performed8.Everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we can't help ______ under the stress.A.but workingB.but to workC. workD. but work9.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart.A.made convenientB. made it convenientC.made it convenient forD.made it convenient to10.Many workers were organized to clear away remained of the World Trade Center.A.thoseB.thatC. whatD.where11.Professor Wang , _______ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.A.knowing12.Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony.A.being not invitedB.not being invitedC.not being invitedD.not to be invited13."______ the friendship between our two people last forever!", and with this sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.A.CouldB.MayC.WouldD. Must14.Part of the work is to be finished today and ______ by this weekend.A.anotherB.the othersC.the restD.the other15.There are some police cars in front. What do you suppose _____?A.is the matterB.is happenedC.is the wrongD.the trouble is16.It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free.A.was; sinceB.is; thatC.is; thatD.was; before17._____ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.ckingB.Being lackC.Because of lackck18.He doesn't know what to say, for it is the first time that he ______ with a girl.A.went out19.During the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this city to see the old castles _____ in the sixteenth century.A.to be builtB.being builtC. having been builtD.built20._____ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.Having been consideredD.Being considered第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____?A.didn't IB.didn't youC. hadn't youD.will you2.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.A.asB.thanC.butD. that3.There were many more people who got injured in the big fire than _______.A. was reportedB.it was reportedC.were reportedD. they were reportedA.whoB.whoeverC. whomeverD.whichever5."_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations.A.How a great successB.What a great successC.How great successD.What great success6.Tina _____ have known the truth, or she would have told us.A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't7.We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life.A./; theB. /; /C.the; /D. the; the8.When do you think ______ start the new attack?A.they willB. will theyC.they canD.can they9.Some 25,000 people were reported ______ in the ever recorded worst earthquake in Iran, which occurred late this month.A.were killedB.to be killedC. killingD. to have been killed10.Postage ______, the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.A.includingB.includedC.includeD.to be includedA.to stayB.stayedC.stayD. having stayed12.The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience.A.any topicB.which topicC.whichever topicD.the topic he thought it13.In recent years much more emphasis has been put______ developing the students productive skills.A.ontoB. inC.overD.on14.My train arrive in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______by then.A.would leaveB.will have leftC.has leftD.had left15.There were many more people who got injured in the big fire than _______.A.was reportedB.it was reportedC.were reportedD.hey were reported16.You ______ be driven out of the school if you dare to cheat in the exam.A.shouldB.wouldC.willD. shall17.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. to be based onD. on which to base18.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents.A.children are allowedB.are children allowedC.children will allowD.will children allow19.Many people attend various public lectures, chiefly ______ themselves familiar with the latest development of different fields.A.gettingB. to getC. to have gotD. got20.______ that no one was ever prepared for it.A.So suddenly did the bad news comeB.So suddenly the bad news cameC. So did the bad news come suddenlyD. Did the bad news come so suddenly第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： A2.参考答案： D3.参考答案： B4.参考答案： C5.参考答案： A6.参考答案： C7.参考答案： B8.参考答案： D9.参考答案： A10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： B12.参考答案： B13.参考答案： B14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： A16.参考答案： D18.参考答案： C19.参考答案： D20.参考答案： A第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： B2.参考答案： A3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： B6.参考答案： C8.参考答案： A9.参考答案： D10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： C12.参考答案： D13.参考答案： D14.参考答案： B15.参考答案： A16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： D18.参考答案： B20.参考答案： A。
宁波大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题661基础英语初试试卷(B卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary(30points)Directions:There are30sentences in this part.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1.But officials with both cities________a state suggestion that water supplies might becontaminated.[A]dispensed[B]sacrificed[C]disputed[D]sufficed2.She was one of three joint________of the Nobel Peace Prize earlier this month.[A]recipients[B]receivers[C]receipts[D]receptions3.This ability to________despite obstacles and setbacks is the quality people most admire in others.[A]provoke[B]persevere[C]pulsate[D]peruse4.The federal government appealed for________,insisting that the crisis could be resolved withoutthe use of force.[A]initiative[B]limitation[C]friction[D]restraint5.Nancy is only a sort of________of her husband’s opinion and has no ideas of her own.[A]sample[B]reproduction[C]prototype[D]echo6.Now on the screen,they were at least aware of the________distinction between men and women asbuddies and friends.[A]stunning[B]fragile[C]primal[D]subtle7.Chaotic conditions continue to________in areas that ordinarily are thriving urban communities.[A]collide[B]shove[C]prevail[D]huddle8The majority who show________for the Kindle are those that aren’t interested in reading to begin with.[A]disdain[B]distress[C]distort[D]delusion9.When people________him on his voice,Martin started to dream of going on stage.[A]complemented[B]completed[C]complimented[D]compensated10.The________grandeur of Wast Water,England’s deepest lake and surrounded by the country’shighest mountains,is a world away from the gentle beauty of the Borrowdale valley.[A]evocative[B]inspiring[C]imploring[D]imposing(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语11.A big international bank just can’t afford to________clients in countries around the world.[A]separate[B]alienate[C]aggravate[D]shudder12.The British realized that they had________a nation across the sea where inhabitants could alsospeak English.[A]exceeded[B]mutated[C]spawned[D]settled13.A recent CNN poll shows twenty-three percent of respondents labeling hackers as useful,fifty-twopercent seeing them as a(n)________.[A]menace[B]disaster[C]aftermath[D]pitfall14.Nestling amongst the magnificent hills were the________ruins of an old monastery.[A]deforming[B]crumbling[C]destroying[D]smashing15.Every year the United Nations provides emergency aid to those countries that are________famine.[A]liken to[B]rooted in[C]afflicted by[D]perplexed with16.She________herself to the profound grief of losing her child in the accident.A)attributed[B]advocated[C]addressed[D]abandoned17.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable________to the total cost of the product.[A]coherence[B]proportion[C]correlation[D]connection18.The company has________over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.[A]evolved[B]progressed[C]advanced[D]proceeded19.These factors helped to________the town into the list of the elegant,then most attractive in thecountry.[A]cultivate[B]initiate[C]elevate[D]extort20.The spokeswoman’s carefully-worded statement________an aura of credibility upon theadministration’s actions.[A]related[B]remarked[C]conferred[D]confronted21.It sounds like a________—Paris has almost three times as much rain as London but London ismuch rainier than Paris.[A]paradox[B]dilemma[C]puzzle[D]collision(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语22.My aunt has________herself to hard work through continuous efforts.[A]associated[B]exposed[C]habituated[D]inhibited23.Although most dreams apparently happen________,dream activity may be provoked by externalinfluences.[A]spontaneously[B]anonymously[C]instantaneously[D]consciously24.The war correspondent has seen so many faces________with fear.[A]contorted[B]twisted[C]warped[D]deformed25.More often than not,it is difficult to________the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.[A]transfer[B]convert[C]convey[D]exchange26.The president is now under pressure to________power to the republics.[A]heft[B]commit[C]compromise[D]yield27.The roll-call took some time,accompanied by my continuous attempts to________the noise.[A]dismiss[B]subdue[C]accentuate[D]exhaust28.The deepening recession has also________in the south of the country,where unemployment is onthe rise.[A]covered up[B]blurted out[C]taken its toll[D]cried out29.My accusers claim that I________torture on animals for the sole purpose of career advancement.[A]inflict[B]falter[C]manipulate[D]descend30.To diversify one’s business is to________different kinds of commercial enterprises.[A]train on[B]pipe down[C]wear down[D]embark onPart II Cloze(20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill ONE word in each of them that best completes the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is all very well to blame traffic jams,the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life,but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters__31__the wheel.It is all very well,again,to have a tiger in the tank,but to have one in the driver’s__32__is another matter.You might tolerate the odd road-hog,the rude and inconsiderate driver,but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the__33__to the rule.Perhaps the situation__34__for a“Be Kind to Other Drivers”campaign,__35__it may(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语get completely out of control.Road politeness is not only good manners,but good__36__too.It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the__37__to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.On the other hand,a little politeness goes a long__38__towards relieving the tensions of motoring.A friendly__39__or a wave of acknowledgement__40__response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too __41__today.Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However,misplaced__42__can also be dangerous.Typical examples are the driver who__43__violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic,__44__a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a child across a zebra__45__into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and__46__they want to.It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver,__47__manners are faultless,told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time__48__causing the total blockages that give rise to bad__49__.Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive,let__50__master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship.Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.Part III Matching(20points)Directions:Match the titles of the books in the left column with the names of their writers in the right column.Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.51.Jane Eyre a.Jack London52.Pride and Prejudice b.William Golding53.The Story of Philosophy c.Feng Youlan54.Robinson Crusoe d.Jane Austen55.The Autobiography e.Charlotte Brontë56.Animal Farm f.Arthur Miller57.Lord of the Flies g.John Steinbeck58.Tess of the D’Urbervilles h.Will Durant59.Tales from Shakespeare i.Daniel Defoe60.The Time Machine j.John Ruskin61.The Call of the Wild k.H.G.Wells62.The Sketch Book l.George Orwell63.Of Mice and Men m Robert Louis Stevenson64.A History of the English Language n.Benjamin Franklin65.Death of a Salesman o.Charles Lamb66.A Short History of Chinese Philosophy p.Thomas Hardy(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语67.Beloved q.Hung-Ming Ku68.Sesame and Lilies r.Washington Irving69.The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde s.Albert C.Baugh&Thomas Cable70.The Spirit of the Chinese People t.Toni MorrisonPart IV Paraphrase(10points)Directions:The following sentences are taken from Advanced English(《高级英语》)edited by Zhang Hanxi （张汉熙）and Wang Lili（王礼立）.Explain each sentence in your own words,bringing out any implied meanings.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.71.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion,let both sides join in creating anew endeavor,not a new balance of power,but a new world of law,where the strong are just and the weak secured and the peace preserved.72.It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle classto mere inadvertence,or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.73.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent,and wasrebuffed.74.Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.75.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,and the muchpublicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism.Part V Reading Comprehension(30points)Questions76-88are based on Reading Passage1below.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year2050,nearly80%of the Earth’s population will live in urban centers.Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends,the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.An estimated109hectares of new land(about20%larger than Brazil)will be needed to grow enough food to feed them,if traditional farming methods continue as they are practiced today.At present, throughout the world,over80%of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use.Historically,some15%of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on?(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语The concept of indoor farming is not new,since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people.Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required,employing cutting-edge technologies.One such proposal is for the‘Vertical Farm’.The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions.Situated in the heart of urban centers,they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.Vertical farms would need to be efficient,cheap to construct and safe to operate.If successfully implemented,proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal,sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops),and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans10,000years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted.Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked,often turning verdant,natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.Within that same time frame,we evolved into an urban species,in which60%of the human population now lives vertically in cities.This means that,for the majority,we humans have shelter from the elements,yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigors of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However,more often than not now,due to a rapidly changing climate,that is not what happens.Massive floods, long droughts,hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year,destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system.For instance,crops would be produced all year round,as they would be kept in artificially controlled,optimum growing conditions.There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts,floods or pests.All the food could be grown organically,eliminating the need for herbicides,pesticides and fertilizers.The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.Although the system would consume energy,it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible parts of plants.It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use,by cutting out the need for tractors,ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming,however,is that the plants would require artificial light.Without it,those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly,reducing the efficiency of the system.Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light:even so,many still need artificial lighting.A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more.Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive,unless cheap,renewable energy is available,and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight.This system is already in operation,and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above:it is not certain,however,that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population.At the moment,though,more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment,particularly as regards the use of energy.While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future,most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.Questions76-82Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Indoor farming76.Some food plants,including_____are already grown indoors.77.Vertical farms would be located in_____,meaning that there would be less need to take them longdistances to customers.78.Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce_____.79.The consumption of_____would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.80.The fact that vertical farms would need_____light is a disadvantage.81.One form of vertical farming involves planting in_____which are not fixed.82.The most probable development is that food will be grown on_____in towns and cities.Questions83-88Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage1?On your answer sheet,write:TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this83.Methods for predicting the Earth’s population have recently changed.84.Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.85.The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.86.Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.87.Fertilizers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.88.Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Questions89-101are based on Reading Passage2below.THE FALKIRK WHEELA unique engineering achievementThe Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat lift.Opened in2002,it is central to the ambitious￡84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth&Clyde and Union Canals.The major challenge of the project lay in the fact that the Forth&Clyde Canal is situated35meters below the level of the Union Canal.Historically,the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11locks-enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered-that stepped down across a distance of1.5km.This had been dismantled in1933,thereby breaking the link.When the project was launched in1994,the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium,but also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region.Numerous ideas were submitted for the project,including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from giant see-saws to overhead monorails.The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was to become The Falkirk Wheel.The unique shape of the structure is claimed to have been inspired by various sources,both manmade and natural,most notably a Celtic double-headed axe,but also the vast turning propeller of a ship,the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled,like one giant toy building set,at Butterley Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire,some400km from Falkirk.A team there carefully assembled the1,200tonnes of steel,painstakingly fitting the pieces together to an accuracy of just10mm to ensure a perfect final fit.In the summer of2001,the structure was then dismantled and transported on35lorries to Falkirk,before all being bolted back together again on the ground,and finally lifted into position in five large sections by crane.The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust,the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.Over45,000 bolt holes were matched with their bolts,and each bolt was hand-tightened.The Wheel consists of two sets of opposing axe-shaped arms,attached about25meters apart to a fixed central spine.Two diametrically opposed water-filled‘gondolas’,each with a capacity of360,000liters,are fitted between the ends of the arms.These gondolas always weigh the same,whether or not they are carrying boats. This is because,according to Archimedes’principle of displacement,floating objects displace their own weight in water.So when a boat enters a gondola,the amount of water leaving the gondola weighs exactly the same as the boat.This keeps the Wheel balanced and so,despite its enormous mass,it rotates through180°in five and a half minutes while using very little power.It takes just1.5kilowatt-hours(5.4MJ)of energy to rotate the Wheel -roughly the same as boiling eight small domestic kettles of water.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Boats needing to be lifted up enter the canal basin at the level of the Forth&Clyde Canal and then enter the lower gondola of the Wheel.Two hydraulic steel gates are raised,so as to seal the gondola off from the water in the canal basin.The water between the gates is then pumped out.A hydraulic clamp,which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked,is removed,allowing the Wheel to turn.In the central machine room an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle.The axle connects to the outer arms of the Wheel,which begin to rotate at a speed of1/8of a revolution per minute.As the wheel rotates,the gondolas are kept in the upright position by a simple gearing system.Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width,connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs -so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level.When the gondola reaches the top,the boat passes straight onto the aqueduct situated24meters above the canal basin.The remaining11meters of lift needed to reach the Union Canal is achieved by means of a pair of locks.The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full35-metre difference between the two canals,owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall,which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.Boats travel under this wall via a tunnel,then through the locks,and finally on to the Union Canal.Questions89-94Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage2?On your answer sheet,write:TRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this89.The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth&Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in theirhistory.90.There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.91.The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.92.The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.93.The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of boat being carried.94.The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.Questions95-101Label the diagram below.Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.How a boat is lifted on the Falkirk Wheel(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语Questions102-105are based on Reading Passage3below.Preface to‘How the other half thinks:Adventures in mathematical reasoning’(A)Occasionally,in some difficult musical compositions,there are beautiful,but easy parts-parts so simple a beginner could play them.So it is with mathematics as well.There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge,not even on algebra,geometry,or trigonometry.Instead they may involve,at most,a little arithmetic,such as‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’,and common sense.Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon.Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic,and sometimes not even that.Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience,to appreciate the beauty of mathematics,and to become familiar with its logical,yet intuitive,style of thinking.(B)One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking.I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries,but,more importantly,the reasoning behind them.In that respect,this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public.Some present(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语the lives of colorful mathematicians.Others describe important applications of mathematics.Yet others go into mathematical procedures,but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.(C)I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures:the humanities and the sciences,or should I say the right brain(intuitive)and the left brain(analytical,numerical).As the chapters will illustrate,mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical;intuition plays a significant role.The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone,in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain.To illustrate our human potential,I cite a structural engineer who is an artist,an electrical engineer who is an opera singer,an opera singer who published mathematical research,and a mathematician who publishes short stories.(D)Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists,but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics,although it provides the foundation of their theories.The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant,since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science is mathematics,whether the subject is expanding universe,subatomic particles,or chromosomes.Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively,when a part of the physical universe is finally understood,its description often looks like a page in a mathematics text.(E)Still,the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning.This book presents the details that illustrate the mathematical style of thinking,which involves sustained,step-by-step analysis, experiments,and insights.You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper.It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments.(F)As I wrote,I kept in mind two types of readers:those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode,usually around fifth grade,and mathematics aficionados,who will find much that is new throughout the book.This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills.Many careers,such as law and medicine,require extended,precise analysis.Each chapter offers practice in following a sustained and closely argued line of thought.That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials.(G)A physician wrote,‘The discipline of analytical thought processes[in mathematics]prepared me extremely well for medical school.In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found.The process is similar to doing mathematics.’A lawyer made the same point,‘Although I had no background in law-not even one political science course-I did well at one of the best law schools.I attribute much of my success there to having learned,through the study of mathematics,and,in particular,theorems,how to analyze complicated wyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.’(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661总分值：150科目名称：基础英语I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple,even naïve,questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.Questions102-105Reading Passage3has seven sections,A-G.Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter,A-G,on your answer sheet.102.a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge103.the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics104.personal examples of being helped by mathematics105.examples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatiblePart VI Writing(40points)Directions:According to a newly-released Ministry of Education regulation,college students who have started their business can apply for leave for several semesters and their period of schooling can be extended. Universities are also encouraged to provide enterprise-based modules to nurture student entrepreneurship. Some people doubt whether the regulation will have an effect on students’grades or performance while others believe such initiative will help students better prepare for future careers.Discuss these points of view.What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.Write an essay of NO LESS THAN400words.Marks will be awarded for content relevance,content sufficiency,organization and language quality.Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.THE END。
考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案
考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案如何准备考研英语呢?当然是多做题了，下文是为大家精选的考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案，欢迎大家阅读。
Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.On the ground floor of a five-story building in Rome, Italy, a lead-aproned man carefully places a 400-year-old painting on a table. Then he steps back and flips the switch of a 50,000 volt X-ray machine. Nearby, another painting is being wheeled into a special oven. Elsewhere the buzz of a power saw is heard from behind a closed door. Two workers are cutting the back off a 500-year-old wood panel painting.Such things happen every day at Rome's Institute of Restoration.1)In terms of art treasures, Italy is one of the richest countries in the world. Yet until 1939, when Italy's government founded the Institute, the country's museums had to hire private restorers for cleaning and repair jobs. Says Doctor Urbani, "Most of the restorers did not have proper training. They often did more harm than good."No wonder they did harm. 2)3) Sometimes they even changed the picture.Any number of things can damage a work of art. Smog eats away at stone and metal. Insects chew wood. Moisture causes wood and canvas to swell, shrink and finally rot. For one art show, a painting was flown from England to Rome. During the flight, the canvas shrank so much that the paint lost its grip and began peeling. When the box was opened in Rome, there was a half-bare painting—and a pile of tiny colored flakes.Doctor Urbani remembers, "The painting was rushed to us. It looked hopeless. But we never give up on a case." After months of slow, careful work, every piece of paint had been puzzled back together and glued on a new canvas. The job was so well done that no damage could be seen.When a painting arrives at the art hospital, it goes to the laboratory, where scientific work is done. Infrared and ultraviolet photographs are taken. 4) Newer coats of paint stand out as dark spots against older coats of paint. If there seems to be a different picture beneath the one showing on the surface, the painting is finally X-rayed.Paintings on wood are then carried into a boxcar-sized room. 5) For 24 hours, a deadly gas seeps into all the cracks in the wood to kill hidden bugs and their eggs. Paintings on torn canvas go to a room where new cloth backings are glued and ironed on. Finally the paintings are ready to be given new life by one of the restorers.［A］Instead of just touching up damaged spots, most early restorers painted over them with a heavy hand.［B］Using these photographs and an analysis of the paint, it began removing dirt and old, yellowed varnish with cotton dipped in a special liquid.［C］Headed by Doctor Giovanui Urbani, the men and women here work at keeping works of art in good health.［D］These photographs make it possible to see through the thin top coats of paint to find out if the painting has been touched up or painted over in the past.［E］They often cleaned paintings with strong black soap, or scrubbed them with raw onions and green apples.［F］The door is sealed shut.［G］After cleaning, they began the job of filling in the spots where paint was missing.答案及详解1.C。
2024年全国硕士研究生 英语卷
2024年全国硕士研究生英语卷2024 National Master's Entrance English ExamSection I: Reading Comprehension (40 Points)Part A: Multiple Choice (20 Points)1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful entrepreneurs?A. Passion and dedicationB. Strong leadership skillsC. Risk aversionD. Persistence and resilience2. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of innovation in businessB. The role of failure in fostering successC. The characteristics of successful entrepreneursD. The benefits of entrepreneurship education3. According to the passage, what is one way in which entrepreneurs can overcome failure?A. By avoiding taking risksB. By blaming others for their mistakesC. By seeking feedback and learning from their experienceD. By giving up and finding a new career pathPart B: Short Answer Questions (20 Points)4. Briefly summarize the main points of the passage.5. Explain how the concept of "failing forward" is related to entrepreneurship.6. Give an example of a successful entrepreneur and explain how they embody the characteristics discussed in the passage.7. How can entrepreneurship education help prepare individuals for success in the business world?Section II: Writing (60 Points)Part A: Essay (40 Points)In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards remote work and online businesses. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend, and give your opinion on whether it will continue in the future.Part B: Letter Writing (20 Points)Write a letter to a friend who is considering starting their own business. Offer them advice on how to overcome challenges and achieve success as an entrepreneur.This exam is designed to assess your reading comprehension skills, critical thinking abilities, and writing proficiency. Good luck!。
学历类《研究生考试》工程硕士《英语运用能力测试》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《研究生考试》工程硕士《英语运用能力测试》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、Generally speaking, the hard one works, _______.A 、thebetterhegetsresultB 、thebetterresulthegetsC 、hegetsbetterresultD 、doeshegetbetterresult正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析2、Part of the work is to be finished today and ______ by thl4、It is no longer a problem _______ the poor children in this district can go to school.A 、thatB 、whetherC 、soD 、because正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析5、Many people attend various public lectures, chiefly ______ themselves familiar with the latest development of different fields.A 、gettingB 、togetC 、tohavegotD 、got正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析6、We need a more capable leader, ______ with strong will and as well as good humour.A 、whoB 、thatC 、oneD 、which正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析7、”______ the friendship between our two people last forever!”, and with this sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.A、CouldB、MayC、WouldD、Must正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析8、______ that no one was ever prepared for it.A、SosuddenlydidthebadnewscomeB、SosuddenlythebadnewscameC、SodidthebadnewscomesuddenlyD、Didthebadnewscomesosuddenly正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析9、_____ the teacher’s suggestion, Tom finally found a way to settle the problem.A、FollowingB、TofollowC、FollowD、Hefollowed正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析10、Some 25,000 people were reported ______ in the ever recorded worst earthquake in Iran, which occurred late this month.A、werekilledB、tobekilledC、killingD、tohavebeenkilled正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析11、When do you think ______ start the new attack?A、theywillB、willtheyC、theycanD、canthey正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析12、During the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this city to see the old castles _____ in the sixteenth century.A、tobebuiltB、beingbuiltC、havingbeenbuiltD、built正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析13、______ which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.A、LeavingtowonderB、HavinglefttowonderC、LeftwonderingD、Lefttowonder正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析14、He doesn’t know what to say, for it is the first time that he l D、theywerereported 正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析16、There were many more people who got injured in the big fire than _______.A、wasreportedB、itwasreportedC、werereportedD、heywerereported正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析17、This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains a problem if it ______.A、isB、savesC、doesD、has正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析18、George applied for the position three times ______ he finally got it.A、beforeB、untilC、whenD、after正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析19、With his eyes ______ on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents.A、fixingB、fixedC、tobefixedD、beingfixed正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析20、Postage ______, the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.A、includingB、includedC、includeD、tobeincluded正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析。
[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）历年真题试卷汇编2.doc
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[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）历年真题试卷汇编2.doc[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）历年真题试卷汇编2一、Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1 If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always ______it for another.（A）shift（B）exchange（C）switch（D）replace2 Every manager needs a secretary that he can______to take care of something that may occur in his absence.（A）bring on（B）hold on（C）count on（D）focus on3 The shirt is a real bargain because it is good in quality and______in price.（A）valuable（B）remarkable（C）available（D）reasonable4 Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man______it is for a woman. （A）when（B）that（C）as（D）than5 Nina______back home if she had known that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her.（A）couldn't have walked（B）shouldn't have walked（C）mustn't have walked（D）wouldn't have walked6 A news report is usually very short, ______ when it is about something very important. （A）besides（B）except（C）apart from（D）except for7 In this advanced course, students are required to take performance tests atmonthly______.（A）gaps（B）lengths（C）distances（D）intervals8 American women were______the right to vote until 1920.（A）ignored（B）refused（C）derived（D）denied9 Seldom______any mistakes during my past few years of working there. （A）would I make（B）have I made（C）I made（D）shall I make10 The proposal seems______to oppose the government economic policy. （A）designed（B）to design（C）have designed（D）to have designed11 I cannot______your plan, for I see no money return for the pursuit.（A）argue with（B）approve of（C）turn down（D）give up12 The thief was so______by the bright lights and barking dogs that he left hastily. （A）frightened（B）annoyed（C）puzzled（D）disappointed13 Making energy use completely harmless to the environment______very difficult and usually economically expensive.（A）are（B）is（C）have been（D）shall be14 ______no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.（A）If there was（B）If there had been（C）Were there（D）Had there been15 Some members of the committee suggested thatmeeting______.（A）being postponed（B）to be postponed（C）postponed（D）be postponed16 Is there anything else______you want to get ready for the party this evening?（A）which（B）who（C）what（D）that17 Since any answer may bring______to his government, the spokesman tried to avoid the question.（A）embarrassment（B）commitment（C）failure（D）benefit18 It is possible for a person to______negative attitudes and gain healthy confidence needed to realize his or her dreams.（A）get away with（B）get rid of（C）get out of（D）get along with19 By the end of this term, the girls______the basic rules of dinner party conversation. （A）will have learned（B）will learn（C）have learned（D）are learning20 If you miss the cultural references ______ a word, you're very likely to miss its meaning.（A）below（B）before（C）behind（D）beyond21 He added that the state government has made ______ arrangements for the conference.（A）accurate（B）absolute（C）adequate（D）active22 This video may be freely reproduced______commercial promotion or sale.（A）as for（B）except for（C）thanks to（D）up to23 You______engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.（A）have better not（B）had better not（C）have better not to（D）had better not to24 Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, ______ the time when we were drinking it strong and black, without sugar.（A）during（B）for（C）before（D）since25 By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times______ today.（A）as much as（B）as that of（C）as many as（D）as those of26 Saffron returned to London to______her acting career after four years of modeling. （A）follow（B）chase（C）seek（D）pursue27 He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite______his expectations. （A）matches（B）makes（C）reaches（D）realizes28 _____my neighbor's kid with his coming exam, I spend an hour working with him every day.（A）To help（B）Helping（C）Helped（D）Having helped29 When I worked as a bank clerk, I had the opportunity to meet a rich ______ of people: students, soldiers and factory workers.（A）diversity（B）kind（C）range（D）variety30 Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it______replaced.（A）should have been （B）would have been （C）could have been （D）might have been。
2016年工程硕士B级上册口语考试题-资料ccg
2016年06月11日工程硕士B级上册口语考试题（学生用）Oral Test: (10 points)●Work in a group of 3. Choose either Group A topics (Unit 2, 4, & 5) or Group Btopics (Unit 3, 4 & 7). Work with your group members to prepare a 5-minute discussion on each of the three topics. Monologs are not allowed.●On the test day, you will pick a topic by drawing a lot and then conduct adiscussion on that topic.●The teacher will first listen to your discussion, and then ask each one of you oneor two impromptu questions.●Grading will be mainly based on: (a) Pronunciation & Intonation; (b) Grammar &V ocabulary; (c) Fluency; and (d) Interaction.Group AUnit TwoChina has the largest ageing population in the world. Do you think Chinese elderly people enjoy their golden years? What problems do they have? What can we do to help them live a better life?Unit FourMost people consider friendship to be one of the most important relationships in our lives. When you choose friends, what qualities do you look for in your friends? In other words, what qualities should people have to become your friends?Unit FiveDo you think China’s economy is developing very well right now? Why or why not? What problems do we have in our economy? What challenges are we facing?Group BUnit ThreeIt’s not uncommon to see or hear about workaholics around us. In your opinion, what causes people to become workaholics? What suggestions can you offer to those people?Unit FourMost people consider friendship to be one of the most important relationships in our lives. When you choose friends, what qualities do you look for in your friends? In other words, what qualities should people have to become your friends?Unit SevenDo you think it is very important for people to have ambition? Why or why not? What would happen to a society if people living in it didn’t have any ambition?Group AUnit TwoJian’ an: Hi, ChenCheng, Good morning.ChenCheng: Hi, Jian’an, morning.Jian’ an: Why do you look a little tired?ChenCheng: Yes, I came here by subway just now. But there are so many people in the compartment of the trains. It takes me much energy to plunge into the crowd.Jian’ an: Yes. Truly, China has the largest population in the world, especially from 1980s. the rising life expectancy and declining fertility rates, China has become one of the aging society in the world. Do you think so?ChenCheng: Yes. Most of elder people in China can’t enjoy their golden years because of some social problems, such as the welfare problem, pension problem, and so on.Jian’ an: Yes. Agree with you.I know someone who take a little pension after retirtment, living a hard life.I think our government should strengthen the elderly welfare system and perfect the pension funds.ChenCheng: Elder people cannot enjoy their golden years without enough money. They cannot travel, go to theare, watch a movie and so on.Jian’ an: In most of Chinese family, the elderly people feel their lives losing meaning for being at home all days. In addition, they feel lonely, especially without their children around. In order to solve these problem, I think we should encourage them to communicate with others as much as possible.ChenCheng: In fact, there are some other elderly people still working after retirement, not for money, but to show their value.Jian’ an: That’s the question. People must find something interest to do themselves, such as reading, baking, drawing, flower arrangement. They should not just be a babysitter.ChenCheng: That is what we can do to help them. Except for money, we can help them to find something interest. We should take care of our children on ourselves, freeing our parents.Jian’ an: I think some elder women may have found their interest, who dancing in the square. But fewer elder men would do that. Maybe they like to play chess. We can help them.ChenCheng: After all, no one really wants to be old, and perhaps all like to be young forever.Unit FourJian’ an: Hi, ChenCheng, Good morning.ChenCheng: Hi, Jian’ an, Good morning. What did you do last weekend?Jian’ an: Hum, I went to some beautiful place with my friends and play ed shuttle cock with other friends.ChenCheng: Oh, Seems you have so many friends. So what kinds of qualities do you look for in your friends?Jian’ an: I like people who are open and friendly. Those people are usually more active and fun to be with. I like spending time with them. Sometimes we go outside or play sports together. What about you?ChenCheng: I don’t like to make friends with people who is not honest. I think honesty is very important to me.Jian’ an: I think it’s important to most people. Normally, the problem is that you can only find it out whether someone is honest or not by getting to know them.ChenCheng: you can find it out from their friends. As the saying goes, birds of a feather flocks together.Jian’ an: If you know any friends of them, you can’t rely on your friends to introduce people to you all the time. You have to go out and make the first move sometimes. Also, I like the funny people. How about you?ChenCheng: Yes, I do. Funny guys can make the atmosphere lively during a party. They can also draw you out when you are depressed. But sometimes they don’t seem to take things seriously. You will never know whether they are joking or serious. Jian’ an: oh, sometimes it’s hard to tell, but if you know the person fairly well, you can usually tell from their expression about what they are really talking.ChenCheng: Maybe it will work. Thanks for your advice. In my opinion, the most important quality in friendship is keeping words. I also will help my friends to get out of trouble. Do you think so?Jian’an: Of course. I will give my hands if necessary. How do you treat your friends? Do you visit your friend without invitation ?ChenCheng: Sometimes. And I always keep open house for my friends, too. They quite enjoy themselves in my house. We all have the same character, same interests.We will argue when we have different opinions on some events, keeping our opinion at the end of the argument. But it can’t hurt our relationship.Jian’ an: So do I. In fact, it also share our ideas. I also want to make friends with some people whose personality is very prominent.ChenCheng: Nor am I. But why we become good friends? Haha…Jian’ an: Yes. Maybe people don’t like to have friends that are all same. Most people like a little variety in their lives----including a variety of characteristics in their friends.Unit FiveChenCheng: Hi, Jian’ an, Good morning.Jian’ an: Hi, ChenCheng, Good morning. Did you read the big news about the Suning these days?ChenCheng: Do you mean the news about the Sunning acquiring the Inter Milan football club?Jian’ an: Yes! It’s inspiring news not only for football funs but also for all Chinese. Because after Suning confirming the acquisition of about 70% of inter’s equity, Suning is becoming the first Chinese enterprise to control the European giants of the rights to say.ChenCheng: Yes, China has been playing much important role in the global market. But right now, with the China economy slows down, more and more difficulties emerged. Such as: imbalance in development, surprisingly inefficient, excessive productive capacity and so on. Do you think so?Jian’ an: Yes! Especially for the house price of China, one side, in the eastern cit ies, house price increases sharply year by year. But on the other hand, in the cit ies of the west-central, nobody care about that. So I think China should strengthen structural reform of the supply front according to the president Xi stressed on the government conference.ChenCheng: I have read one news about steel production. Chinese steel production reached 800 million tons in 2015. But we can’t product die steel which used in ballpoint pen.Jian’an: It shocks me. I can’t imagine that. We must increase investment in high-tech research in order to get more profit.ChenCheng: And also, for us, we should improve our creativity to promote industrial level from “made in China” to “created in China” and to “intelligent manufacturing in China”. And I think our economy is so strong that our government can lead us out of difficulties.。
工程硕士英语考试试卷
工程硕士英语试卷姓名：年级：专业：成绩：I. Choose the best answer：(每题1分,共20分)1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20II. Complete the following sentences with the missing prepositions or adverbs: (每题1.5分,共15分)1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10III. Reading comprehension: (每题2分,共20分)1 A B C D2 A B C D3 A B C D4 A B C D5 A B C D6 A B C D7 A B C D8 A B C D9 A B C D 10 A B C DIV. Translations (共30分)1.2.3.4.5.67.8.9.10.Part VI Writing (共15分)My job工程硕士英语试卷姓名：年级：专业：成绩：I. Choose the best answer：20%1. This man ___ to tell a lie.a. was never knownb. has never knownc. will never knowd. is never known2. The children ___ many times not to go near the street.a. have toldb. toldc. have been toldd. were being told3. The new type of computer is going to ___ the month after next.a. turn outb. be turned outc. will be turn outd. will turn out4. After the synthetic ___, engineers had a better choice for materials for construction.a. had been developedb. had developedc. tobe developedd. being developed5. After being tested in many ways, this newly-designed machine will ___ in the near future.a. be taken actionb. come to usec. be put into used. take its place6. He often visited the grain mill of Peter, ___ to experiment with new things.a. that likesb. whom likedc. who likedd. which liked7.She found a place in the building ___she used as her first laboratory.a. whichb. wherec. in whichd. when8. Do you know the exact time ____ the meeting will begin?a. whichb. whenc. whyd. as9. She wanted to join the group of men ___ was to explore the mysteries of the moutains.a. their workb. who workc. whod. whose work10. This is the reason ___ an airplane can’t fly in space.a. for thatb. whichc. whyd. where11. He walked into the resraurant ___ it had belonged to him.a. likeb. as ifc. so thatd. if12. Don’t eat that fruit____ it is ripe.a. unlessb. in casec. ifd. so that13. I don’t think it’ll rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ___ it does.a. beforeb. in casec. unlessd. as if14. She felt very silly ___ everyone laughed at her question.a. afterb. beforec. whend. as soon as15. He insured his car ___ he had an accident.a. unlessb. ifc. in cased. since16. Many people favour ___ more nuclear power plant.a. to buildb. builtc. buildd. building17. Professor Smith ____ about him and he pretended not to mind.a. hear the students to talkb. heard the talk by the studentsc. heard the students talkingd. heard the studens talked18. _____to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic .a. To driveb. Drivingc. Being drivend. I drove19. I would appreciate _____ it a secret between us.a. you to keepb. that you would keepc. your keepingd. that you are keeping20. The doctor has difficulty_____ this infection.a. in treatingb. to treatc. for treatingd. being treatingII. Complete the following sentences with a prepositions or adverbs: 15%1.The developing countries have to compete___ the developed for world market.2.It is always very difficult to have this group of people to be ____ the same mind.3.At that time, the United States had a huge techological lead ___ all of the rest inthe world.4.Finally, ____ the graduate level, James recognized his ow value.5.It is ot right to shift the blame ____ anyoe else.6.If other means fail, we shall resort ____ force.7.Ray went out, leaving the door ___ the latch.8.Police are keeping the area____ constant surveillance.9.Cruel experiments on animals are carried out ___ the name of science.10.They’ve had technical problems___ any rate that’s what they told me.III. Reading comprehension: 20%Passage 1：A consumer walks into a store. He stands in front of hundreds of boxes of lanundry detergent. He chooses one brand, pays for it, and leaves. Why does he pick that specific kind of soap? Is it truly better than the others? Probably not. These days, many products are nearly identical to one another in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one brand instead of another? Although we might not like to admit it, commerials on television and advertisements in magazines probaly influence us much more than we think they do.Advertising ingorms consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us information about everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and cars. But there is one pro blem with us. The “information” is actually very often misinformation. It tells us the products’ benfits but hides their diadvantaes. Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we don’t need and can’t afford, but also confuses our sense of reality. “Zoom toothpaste prevents cavities and gives yu white teeth!” the advertisement tells us. But it doesn’t tell us the complete truth: that a healthy diet and a good toothbrush will have the same effect.Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most sucessful show us who we aren’t and what we don’t have. Our teeth aren’t white enough. Our hair isn’t shiny enough our clothes aren’t clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won’t like us if we don’t use the adve rtised products. “Why don’t I have any dates?” an attractive young woman sadly asks in a commercial. “Here,” replies her roommate, “try Zoom toothpaste!” of course she tries it, and immediately the whole football team falls in live with her. “That’s a stup id commercial,” we might say. But we still buy Zoom toothpaste out of being unpopular and having no friends. If fear is the negative motive for buying a product, then wanting a good image is the positive reason for choosing it. Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong attractive athlete. Advertisers know this. They write specific ads to make certain groups of people choose their product. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; wach person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Advertisers get psychologists to stufy the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image. They also inform them about recent studies with colors and words. Psychologists heve found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different dolors. Also, certain words attract our attention. Fo r example, the words “new”, “improve,” “natural,” and“giant size” are very popular and seem to draw our eyes and hands toward the package.Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They feel that the have freedom of choice, and they like to think they make wise choices. Unfortunately, they probably don’t realize the powerful effect of advertising. They may not clearly undrstand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive competition for our money, and they are extremely successful. Do you believe that ads don’t influence your choice of products? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.1. Advertising______.A. informs us everything about some products.B. doesn’t influence us very much.C. is always stupid.D. doesn’t always tell us everything about a product.2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for a person to buy a product?A. He or she is satisfied with himself or herself.B. He or she has the need for a good self-image.C. The colors on the package.D. Certain words on the package.3. Advertisers ____ to make us buy products.A. employ very low pricesB. get information from psychologistsC try to make us feel good D. need to use better package4. Psychologists tell advertisers____.A. which brands of toothpaste to produceB. to stop influencing shoppersC. about people’s motives for buyingD. how much money to spend on television commercials5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. advertising influences us to buy one kind of product instead of another.B. “The psychology of selling” is an important course in many business colleges.C. If you use Zoom toothpaste there will be no more problems in your life.D. Advertisements always provides us with important infromation about products. Passage 2：Although the possibility of living a long and happy life nowadays is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing on the roads. Man versus the motorcar ! It is a never ending battle which man is losing .It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality, which often undoubtedly brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Normally quiet and pleasant people may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear; they areill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving .The surprising thing is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to tolerate his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience . Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; and the mass annual death becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten .It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are extremely loose and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate .Here are a few examples that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is ; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so ; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through annual tests for safety. Present drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in theU.S.A. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned, These measures may sound terribly harsh. But remember: the world is for human beings, not motorcars.6.The main idea of this passage is _____.A. traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB. thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC. the laws of some countries about driving are too looseD. stricter traffic laws should be made to prevent accidents7. What does the author think is society’s attitude toward mot orists ?A. Society laughs at motorists.B. Society tolerates their rude driving.A.Society imposes a lot of restrictions on motorists.D. Society encourages motorists to behave themselves8.What does the author mean when he says “his car becomes the extension of his personality”(Line 1-2 , Para.2 ) ?A. Driving can show his real self.B. Driving can show the best part of his personality.C. Driving can bring out his characters.D. His car only displays the dark side of his temper.9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A. Testing drivers every three years.B. Making stricter driving tests.A.Building more highways.D. Raising age limit and laying down safety specifications.10.The attitude of the author in this passage is ____.A. ironicalB. criticalC. appealingD. indifferent IV. Translations: 30%Section A: English to Chinese: 20%1.The irony is that children start out as natural scientists, instinctivelyeager toinvestigate the world around them.2.Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to them by weavinginformation into a story about how nature probably oprates.3.Studies over the past three decades have shouwn that, after asking a question,adults typically wait only one second or less for a response no time for a child to think.4.Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it giveslocal people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals.5.Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees whichare cut down, as well as investment in replacing them.Section B: Chinsese to English: 10%6.完成这项工作至少需要10人。
工程硕士英语考试试题
工程硕士英语考试试题I. Vocabulary (Unit 12)1.Even if you are driving on an express way, you have to keep in mind there’s a ____ to speed.A. restrictB. timidC. confineD. limit2.Today’s students are citizens of a more real cosmos than those citizens conceptualized by students of a____ ago.A. delicateB. decadeC. dedicateD. delivery3.Causal reasoning is a ____ in which we go from cause to effect or vice versa, that is, we reasonfrom what we know to what we want to find out.A. processB. progressC. processionD. promotion4.She made an ____ trip to Paris before she reached the age of sixty.A. actualB. animateC. annualD. adult5.Today’s advertisements are meant to be att ractive, buttoo many of them make t hings ____.A. unrealB. unappealingC. insensitiveD. incapable6.Television has become an indispensable means of entertainment which many people ____ to whileaway their spare time.A. come up withB. live up toC. count onD. cast light on7.Death is ____ to a man, but its significance varies from person to person.A. integralB. suitableC. inevitableD. compatible8.No one can function properly if they are ____ of adequate sleep.A. deprivedB. rippedC. strippedD. contrived9.His ____ union members declined since his failure to strive higher wages for them.A. determination ofB. description againstC. depression uponD. influence over10.Currently, people’s obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also ____ by health concerns.A. blazedB. fueledC. ignitedD. exploded11.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watchingtelevision, ____ with other people, and so forth.A. interruptingB. interchangingC. interactingD. interfering12.More and more scholars, as well as businessmen, are focusing on the question: why e-books ____p-booksA. beat outB. beat offC. beat downD. beat away13.The CEO and some other company executives are discussing how to ____ the new procedures intothe work outline.A. intrigueB. integrateC. interpretD. enterprise14.Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the current depression stemmed from the American economy's ____flaws.A. underliningB. vulnerableC. vulgarD. underlying15. A recent report by NASA reveals that as the star rotates on its own axis, the beams ____ in spacelike searchlight beams.A. sweep aroundB. sweep alongC. sweep asideD. sweep over16.British scientists are developing a robot to work in toxic environments that can ____ its own powerby eating and digesting flies.A. createB. generateC. emitD. amplify17. The Andersons have not ____ yet and I doubt if they will now.A. shown offB. shown upC. shown roundD. shown in show up18. A. Internet users are increasingly turning to e-government sites to carry out their business withgovernment. But Internet users and non-users alike value having more than one way to ____ with government.A. get along withB. get angry withC. get in touch withD. get tired of19.In practice, it is always the case that the solution to a problem ____ in research.A. layB. liesC. findsD. lays20.The liberal philosophy holds that enduring governments must be accountable to someone besidethemselves; that a government ____ only to its own conscience is not for long tolerable.A. responsibleB. liableC. reliableD. inevitableII. Reading Comprehension (3 passages)Passage 1Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create now jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money ona permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savingsof individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back. he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker (证卷经纪人) to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development of they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.1.Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.A. depend on the population as whole for financeB. rely on their own financial resourcesC. persuade the banks to provide long-term financeD. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know2.The money that enables these companies to make progress with their projects is ______.A. invested in different companies on the Stock ExchangeB. raised by the sellings of shares in the companiesC. repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleD. exchanged for part ownership in the-Stock Exchange3.When the savers want their money back they _______.A. transfer their money to a more successful companyB. look for other people to borrow money fromC. put their shares in the company back on the market.D. ask another company to obtain their money for them4.All the important services which we depend on are _____.A. unable to provide for the needs of the populationB. in constant need for financial support.C. run by the government or our local authoritiesD. financed wholly by rates and taxes.5.The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalizedindustries ________.A. to borrow as much money as they canB. to be certain that everybody lends money to themC. to raise money to finance new developmentsD. to make certain everybody saves money.Have you ever been startled by a loud noise or by someone appearing suddenly behind you on a dark night or by a snake in the grass? Do you remember the sudden, tight feeling in your chest, the way your heart started to pound, the way you seemed to breathe more rapidly? Such reactions occurred because you were frightened. Your brain sent a signal to the special gland (腺) in your body called the adrenal (肾上的) gland. Other parts of your body were involved, too, but the adrenal gland has a very special function.The adrenal gland is located on top of your kidney. Since you have two kidneys, you also have two adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland is divided into two parts: a cortex (外皮) and a medulla (髓质). The cortex forms the outer shell; the medulla forms the central core. Both the cortex and the medulla secrete (分泌) hormones, but they have different functions.The cortex produces more than forty different chemical compounds and hormones. All these things are essential to sustain life. The medulla secretes adrenalin (also called epinephrine, the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.When you are suddenly faced with a dangerous or stressful situation, part of your brain instantly sends a signal to the adrenal gland, and all sorts of things begin to happen in your body. The medulla releases an extra amount of adrenalin into the bloodstream. The adrenalin is carried rapidly throughout the body, stimulating other glands and systems.1.In this passage, the author is mainly discussing the function of _______.A. the human brainB. glands and systems in the bodyC. the cortex of the adrenal glandD. the medulla of the adrenal gland2.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney.B. Each kidney is composed of two adrenal glands.C. The medulla is inside the cortex.D. The cortex and the medulla have different functions.3.It is _______ that mainly helps you respond to a dangerous or stressful situation.A. the special function of the adrenal glandB. a signal sent by your brainC. all stimulated parts of your bodyD. All of these4.What could be said about the adrenalin?A. It is secreted by the kidneys into the bloodstream.B. It is the hormone that prepares the body for emergencies.C. It is the only useful hormone produced in the body.D. It is essential to sustain life.5.What do you suppose the author will go on to discuss in the following paragraphs?A. the brain systemB. functions of the kidneysC. reactions of the body to stress and dangerD. other human organs related to the kidneysThe view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages appointed pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of pretty collection of thatched farm buildings — these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part pf the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles. Although thatch has always been used for cottages and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is solitary craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the oldroofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch, which has done the British way, lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.1.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?A. Narrow streets lined with pink of white houses.B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C. Cottages with thatched roofs.D. Churches with cottages around them.2.What do we know about thatching as a craft?A. It is a collective activity.B. It is practiced on farms all over England.C. It is quite different from what it used to be.D. It is in most cases handed down among family members.3.Thatched houses are still preferred because of ______.A. their style and comfortB. their durabilityC. their easy maintenanceD. their cheap and ready-made materials4.People in developing countries also live under thatch because ______.A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB. thatched roof houses are the cheapest.C. thatch is an effective defense against the heat.D. they like thatched houses better than other buildings.5.We can learn from the passage that ______.A. thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times.B. thatching is a building craft first created by the English people.C. the English people have a special liking for thatched houses.D. most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides.III. 汉译英近年来，由于求职人数增多，有些人建议让需要靠工作谋生的未婚妇女来代替家务繁重的女工。
《工程硕士研究生实用英语教程》听力-参考答案
《⼯程硕⼠研究⽣实⽤英语教程》听⼒-参考答案Unit 11. DictationThroughout history the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. /Members of the family live together / under the same roof. / They share the economic burdens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has considerable influence / in arranging marriages, selecting careers / and determining all the important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions where society or the state / does not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group provides better protection / in times of economic or other emergency.2. Listening ExercisesGifts and CulturesPeople in all countries enjoy gifts. Sometimes the meanings are different in other cultures.A. Pre-listening activity.What kinds of gifts do you give when …1. you go to a friend’s wedding?Money.2. you visit a friend or stay with a family in another country? Food from your country.3. you celebrate a friend’s birthday? A cake.4. you go to a business meeting? A calendar.5. you want to give something to someone you love? Rosed.B. Listen to the narrator. What gifts do people give on the following occasions? And why?1. An Australian girl is celebrating her 21st birthday.Gift: a key-shaped birthday cakeWhy? It means the girl is an adult and can come home at any time.2. An African couple is getting married.Gift: a cowWhy? It can bring good luck to the newly-weds.3. Korean boy is going to take his university entrance tests in a week.Gift: sticky rice candyWhy? It expresses the hope that the students will “stick to” the university.C. Listen to the conversations, which item is not a good gift? Cross it out. And then explain why it is not a good gift.1. China A. a handkerchief B. a big dinnerWhy not?Key: A.A handkerchief means goodbye.2. Argentina A. a tie B. a flower vaseWhy not?Key: A.A tie is too personal.3. Switzerland A. candy B. rosesWhy not?Key: B.Roses mean love and romance.4. Italy A. an even number of flowers B. an odd number of flowersWhy not?Key: A.Even numbers are unlucky.5. Japan A. a pen and pencil set B. a set of four pensWhy not?Key: B.“Four” sounds like the word for “death” in Japanese.Unit 21. DictationChildren learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company’s attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 p.m. / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight.2. Listening ExercisesFrom Television Back to GamesYou are going to hear a small talk in which the speaker compares television with board games.A. Listen carefully. Supply the missing words. For each blank you need to write three words.In a society where every one is so fortunate as to be able to spend a lot of money on entertainment, most of us end up with either in front of a television or spending time with our family and friends playing a game of some kind. While television is probably the most popular form of home entertainment , there is a small group of us who still believe board games offer the most enjoyment . They offer us a variety of ways to learn new information , to test your skills, and most importantly, to bring us together .Instead of watching television all the time, people are finding that board games give us the outlet to test our skills and knowledge against each other. They are putting their remote controls away and giving up their “Executive Couch Potato”, and gath ering around the kitchen table for an exciting game. I would much pretend that I’m a millionaire, playing for the high stakes, rather than watch someone else on a grass tube pretending to be one. It’s more exciting , less expensive, and best of all, I spend the time with real and interesting people.B. Listen again and complete the following chart, which shows the difference between television and board games. Television B oard GamesSources ofinformation Television is one of ourbest sources of information , but for a lot of the time it is not the kind of information that you want or need .Board games are set up to offer a variety of information, such as geography, vocabulary, or financial investment in a way that makes you want to learn and lets you choose what you learn .e.g. Trivial PursuitOutcomeYou are forced to become a passive spectator when watching television.e.g. Game show Board games test your skills and knowledge with a particular outcome ahead, letting you use your ideas and strategies to win the game.e.g. Chess, TrumpInteractionGetting the family together to watch a show on television is nice, but it’s very difficult to find a show on for the whole family. Playing a board game gives you the chance to learn , not only about the subject , but also about each other .e.g. How to Host a MurderUnit 31. DictationMother’s Day is celebrated / on the second Sunday in May. / On this occasion, Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts / from her husband and children. / For most mothers, the rarest and best gift / is a day of rest. / Often, families honor Mother / by taking her out for dinner. / In some households, the husband and children / take over meal preparations / so that Mom can spend a whole day / away from the kitchen. / Serving her breakfast in bed / is another family ritual. / Later in the day, parents may take their children / to visit their grandparents. / Flowers are an important part of the day. / Mothers are often given corsages for the occasion, / particularly if they are elderly.2. Listening ExercisesGreetings Around the WorldThere are many ways to greet people.A. You are going to hear a few examples from some countries. March the greetings with the countries.1. a bow e, g a. Brazilb. Canada2. a hug a, i c. Egyptd. India3. the salaam f, j e. Japanf. Jordan4. the namaste or wai d, k g. Koreah. Mexico5. a strong, short handshake b, l i. Russiaj. Saudi Arabia6. a softer, longer handshake c, h k. Thailandl. the United StatesB. Listen again. Describe the following gestures by completing the following statements.1. People bow to show respect. When you bow in Japan, you don’t look directly at the other person’s eye. When you bow in Korea, it’s important to see the other person's face_.2. A hug is usually between good friends. It doesn’t matter whether they are men or women .3. The salaam is most popular with older and more traditional people. To give a salaam, first touch your heart , then your forehead . Then your hand moves up , away from your head. When people use this greeting, they say, “ Peace be with you.”4. To give a namaste or wai, you put your hands high on the chest, and you bow slightly . It is not only a greeting, it also means “ Thank you ” and “ I'm sorry .”5. Handshakes in the United States and Canada are strong and short . Handshakes in Mexico and Egypt usually last a little longer , but they are softer .Unit 41. DictationOne of the world’s most deadly health problems / is spreadi ng to new places. / The problem is heart disease / and it is affecting more and more people / in developing nations. / For years / heart disease has been the No.1 cause of death / in most industrial nations. / The disease has claimed more lives / than cancer or accidents. / Now the WHO has warned that / heart disease is increasing rapidly / in almost every developing nation. / Why is this happening? / One reason is that / people in developing nations / are living longer. / Another reason is that / many people have changed the way they live. / They now eat more fat and salt / and fewer fruits and vegetables.2. Listening ExercisesTelephone MessagesYou will hear telephone conversations between a doctor’s receptionist and different patients. Complete the information sheet that the receptionist keeps for the doctor.Patient 1NAME Robert WalliserADDRESS Flat 6 ,208Rosecroft Terrace, ShenleyTEL. NO. 226071PROBLEM High temperature and largespotsACTION TAKEN Doctor to phone backPatient 2NAME Harry JamesADDRESS Holly Trees,17London Road , HastingsTEL. NO. 8595249(sister’s)PROBLEM Broken armACTION TAKEN Doctor to phone patient at sister’sPatient 3NAME May JonesADDRESS 16HamiltonDrive , ShenleyTEL. NO. No phonePROBLEM HeartattackACTION TAKEN Told him to phone for anambulanceUnit 51. DictationIn order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out. /It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well. /If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will usea thousand.2. Listening ExercisesBosses or WorkersA. Listen carefully. Complete the following chart with information about Caroline and George.Caroline GeorgePosition in the firm Personnel Manager Sales ManagerDeal with People Facts and figuresProblemEverything she deals with is secondhand. He just sits there in his comfortable office with three telephones, but he can make or break a man just by looking at a sales chart.SolutionBe one of the workers. Go out on the road and try to get orders from people.B. Listen again and answer the following questions.1. According to Caroline, what is the trouble with the firm?There are too many bosses and too few workers.2. According to George, what is the key to a prosperous firm?So long as there's a good relationship between the managers and the workers the firm will prosper.3. What does Caroline think every boss should do?She thinks every boss should spend at least three months every year working on the factory floor, subject to the same rules and discipline as all the other workers.4. What does Caroline have to admit at last?In practice, she'd be of no use because she hasn't got any practical skills.Unit 61. DictationAbout this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.2. Listening ExercisesTitles Other than "Mother"A. While “housewife” can be an occupation, why can’t “mother” be? Listen to a speech made by a young mother of four girls. What high-sounding titles has she created for the following?1. Herself (mother): Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations2. Her three elder daughters: lab assistants3. Her youngest daughter: new experimental model in the child-development program4. Grandmothers: Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human R elations5. Great grandmothers: Executive Senior Research Associates6. Aunts: Associate Research Assistants in the field of Child Development and Human RelationsB. When the speaker desc ribes her job as a “mother,” she uses quite a few big words. What do they refer to? Listen again. Explain in your own words the real meaning of the following paragraph.I have a continuing program of research, in the laboratory and in the field. I’m workin g for myMasters, and already have four credits. Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, and I often work 14 hours a day.I have a list of endless things to do, both indoors and outdoors. I’m working for my whole family, and already have four daughters. Of course, every mother would agree that being a mother is one of the most time-consuming thing in the world, and I often have to work 14 hours a day.Unit 71. DictationOur boat floated on, / between walls of forest. / Nowhere did we find a place / where we could have landed. / In any case, / what would we have got by landing? / The country was full of snakes / and other dangerous animals, / and the forest was so thick / that one would be able to advance only slowly, / cutting one’s way with knives the whole day. / We live on fish, / caught with a homemade net of string, / and any fruit and nuts / we could pick up out of the water. / As we had no fire, / we had to eat everything uncooked, / including the fish. / As for water, / there was a choice: / we could drink the muddy river water, / or die of thirst.2. Listening ExercisesFlying Your Own PlaneYou are going to hear a woman tell how her husband learned to fly and how the family had lots of interesting trips in their own plane.A. Listen to the following names of places that will appear in the passage.California Phoenix St. Louis Lexington PrincetonArkansas San Bernardino Edwards Air force Base SeattleB. Listen to the passage. Give brief information of the interesting/worrying trips they have.1. The trip to visit their daughter:Route: California (starting point) –Phoenix (for lunch and oxygen) –St. Louis (spend the night) – Lexington (for lunch) –Princeton (visit daughter)2. The first trip to their house in Arkansas:Landing spot: Between a lake and a mountainProblem: The windsock was worn out.3. A trip back home:Problem: They got caught up in snow.Solution: They called on Edwards Airforce Base for help.4. A trip to Seattle:Problem: The landing gear light lit up to indicate that it had failed to work.When: A Sunday nightC. Listen again. Answer the following questions.1. Why did they get him lessons to learn how to fly? As a present for Father’s Day.2. Why did they stop on the journey across the United States?The plane didn’t need to stop, but they needed a break.3. What does she mean when she says “But Arkansas is interesting that way”?She is suggesting that things don’t always work properly, or as you expect.4. What was she worried about in the snowstorm near San Bernardino?She was worried about the possibility of hitting the mountains, as the visibility was poor.5. How did she feel about the danger?She was not too worried about it, and she seemed to accept it as normal.Unit 81. DictationI believe my father is a talented man. / He is decisive and efficient in doing things. / By his own talents and efforts, / he has secured for the family a good social position / and a comparatively rich life. / People of all fields come to my house, / and from them I have gained lots of valuable social experience / and seen a lot of joys and sorrows of the world. / But at home he is a harsh parent. / He has high expectations of me. / When I am idling away my time, / I can see that it hurts him deeply. / When I am doing something great, / such as writing a book, / he is more than excited. / With such a father, / I always remind myself that I must go on and on, never give up.2. Listening ExercisesValentine’s DayYou are going to hear a short passage abo ut the origin of Valentine’s Day and how people celebrate it.A. Listen to Part A first, and supply the missing information.Date of observance: February 14th“Valentines”:a romantic card decorated with hearts, flowers or birdsa heart-shaped box of chocolate candiesa bouquet of flowers tied with red ribbonMessages:Be My ValentineBe My SweetheartBe My LoverWill you be my valentine?Signatures:anonymousGuess whoSymbols:Cupid – Roman God of Lovearrow of loveheartB. Now listen to Part B, and fill in the blanks with what you hear.It is from the Christians that we get the stories about Valentine’s Day that most people have come to believe. One story is about a Christian priest whose name was “Valentine.” He lived around 250 AD. At that time the Roman Emperor Claudius refused to allow any Roman soldiers to get married for any reason whatsoever. So many Roman soldiers turned to Christianity. Together with their girls, they came to Valentine to be married secretly__ in a Christian way. Later Valentine was discovered and put in prison by the Roman Emperor. One tradition says that hewrote notes to his friends by marking on leaves and then throwing them out the window of his prison. The leaves were shaped like a heart.Unit 91. DictationIt’s that t ime of the year again, / when the entertainment world gets excited about the Oscars / and the madness that surrounds Hollywood’s biggest night of the year. / Everybody has an opinion / on which film should take home the Best Picture Prize / and who should walk away with the statuette for Best Actor and Best Actress. / But it’s only after the ceremony is over / that the real analysis begins. / People commented on the acceptance speeches, / rate the host on his or her performance, / and examine all attendee closely, / from their hairstyle right down to their socks.2. Listening ExercisesGrace Kelly – The Most Beautiful Tale of HollywoodYou are going to hear a story about Grace Kelly, the most beautiful tale of Hollywood.A. Listen carefully, and complete the following Grace Kelly Profile.Grace Kelly ProfileBirth date: November 12, 1929Birthplace: PhiladelphiaFamily: father Jack Kelly, mother Margaret, and three siblingsEducation: the American Academy of Dramatic ArtsOccupation: model and film actressMarital status: married Prince Rainier Gerard of Monaco in 1956Achievement: received the Best Actress Oscar for her performance in The Country Girl in 1954Famous movies:1951: Fourteen Hours1952: High Noon1954: The Country Girl1954: Rear Window1954: Dial M for Murder1955: To Catch a ThiefB. Listen again and supply the missing words according to what you hear.Grace Kelly. Too good to be true. The epiphany of cool, blond, refined, intelligent, everything she touched turned to gold. She was the model with the face of someone who didn’t need the job . She was for six years the glamorous queen of Hollywood, the leading lady leading men fell in love with. And she was the only queen to ever become a princess. Just too good to be true.Grace Kelly: The thrill of this moment keeps me from saying what I really feel. I can only say thank you with all my heart to all who made this possible for me. Thank you.Grace Kelly was a tough woman who gave the illusion of being a frail lady. An international icon who symbolized perfection.Grace Kelly: I don’t see this, though I achieved enough in my career to stand up more than many other people. I was very lucky in my career and I loved it. But I don’t think I was accomplished enough as an actor to be remembered for that particularly. I would like to be remembered as trying to do my job well, of being understanding and kind. I’d like to be remembered as a decent human being.Unit 101. DictationIt is simple enough to say / that since books have classes / -fiction, biography, poetry / -we should separate them / and take from each what it is right / that each should give us. / Yet few people ask from books / what books can give us. / Most commonly we come to books / with blurred and divided minds, / asking of fiction that it shall be true, / of poetry that it shall be false, / of biography that it shall be flattering, / of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. / If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, / that would be an admirable beginning. / Do not dictate to your author: / try to become him. / Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.2. Listening ExercisesAttraction of a BookshopListen to the following passage and supply the missing information.Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings.The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book.You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment– without buying a book, of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting, “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything if you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing.Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.Unit 111. DictationAfter the war our church was in a very bad condition. / So we decided to build a modern one / at the top of a hill outside our town. / We raised a lot of money and bought all the necessary materials. / We built the walls of stone and glass, / and the heavy doors of wood and metal. / It was one of the most attractive buildings in town / when it was completed. / From the top of the church there is a wonderful view. / You can see the entire town and countryside / for miles around. / People from all parts of the country / come and visit the church every day.2. Listening ExercisesOur SingingYou are going to hear an American woman talking about how her mother taught her music, how she used to sing with her family, and how that became a service to the community.A. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.1. Where did she live?She lived out in the country, somewhere in the Midwest.2. What does she think about the musical education she received?She seems to think that her mother provided her with a very good musical education.3. How did their singing develop into a community service?They used to sing at funerals for people in their community.B. Listen again, then complete the following outline.OutlineI. Background of my parentsA. Musical background1. Mothera. played the piano and organb. majored in music in college2. Fathera. played the violin and mandolinb. had a beautiful bass voicec. sang in men’s glee clubB. Religious background1. Mother –was a minister’s daughter2. Father – had studied to be a minister before he went into educationII. My education in musicA. Mother – teaching1. gave us a good education in all kinds of music from classical to pop2. explained to us what the music was all about while playing3. was very patientB. We – practicingsang alto or sopranoIII. Church serviceA. put on special musical programs in churchB. harmonized on hymn-singingIV. Community servicesang music for funeralsUnit 121. DictationA major topic of sociolinguistics / is the connection, if any, / between the structures, vocabularies, / and ways of using particular languages / and the social roles of the men and women / who speak these languages. / Do the men and women who speak a particular language / use it in different ways? / If they do, / do these differences arise from the structure of that language, / or alternately, / do any differences that exist / simply reflect the ways / in which the sexes relate to each other in that society, / whatever the reason? / These issues have generated / a considerable amount of thought and discussion / in the last decades of the twentieth century.2. Listening ExercisesDifferences Between Boys and GirlsListen to a scientific report on differences between boys and girls. Complete the following chart.Girls BoysPhysical and mentaldevelopment at theearly stage bones, muscles, and nerves developing faster;talking at an earlier age;being more ready to remember facts, to spell, and to read developing aggression;having more courage and energy;feeling strong and independentPerformance atschool showing superior ability in tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, and memory;performing better school tasks, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeyingcommands, and accepting the teacher’s ideas;good at remembering what the teacher has told them scoring higher on tests measuring mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills;refusing to accept other people’s solutions;insisting upon solving problems for themselves;learning to think in more independent waysPerformance in theadult society A. so few becoming great scientists B. doing the most important thinking;getting the big salary, the great responsibility, and the powerful job; being chosen for key positionsUnit 131. DictationFor a lot of people, / the word “failure” carries with it / a feeling of coming to an end, / but for th e successful leader, / failure is a beginning, / a seed of hope. / Leaders don’t allow themselves / to be held prisoner by the fear of failure. / They don’t even use the word ”failure,”. / instead they rely on words like “false start, / never failure.”/The lesson understood by captains of industry / is that failure equals learning. / While we can’t say that they exactly welcome failure, / they are uniform in their ability to profit from it. / They use the healthy energy coming from failure / to reach highe r goals. / Almost every “false step” is regarded as an opportunity / and not as the end of the world.2. Listening ExercisesSimply to RelaxA. Listen to a radio program called Faith Radio Online – Simply to Relax. Do as the speaker suggests while listening. And then answer the following two questions1. Why do we need to relax?We are spending too much time on our jobs and extra tasks in life.We need to slow down and reassess what we’re doing and why.2. What are the benefits of relaxation?Relaxation brings us:peace of mind;a calm emotional state of being;improved health;increased energy;far less stress held within the body.B. Listen again. Focus on Faith’s instructions. Supply the missing words.1. Take a deep, slow breath , taking in as much air as you can, as slowly as you can.2. Feel your lungs fill, and then hold the breath for five to ten seconds.3. Let your breath out slowly, feeling the stress leave your body as you exhale.4. Allow your mind to focus on the breathing.5. Take in another deep breath, slowly and surely.6. Hold it for five to ten seconds, and then exhale slowly … slowly … slowly.7. Take another deep breath, very slowly, and hold it in.8. Release it slowly and feel the tension leave your body with the air.9. Do this ten to fifteen times.。
【基础英语】工程硕士研究生期末考试试题A (闭卷考试)
工程硕士研究生期末考试试题A (闭卷考试)课程名称: 基础英语 学号 姓名Section A (10 points)Directions: In this section there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. She had supposed human ingenuity would find ways to overcome food shortages and overpopulation.A. findingsB. clevernessC. curiosityD. inventions2. The powers of the atom are about to be harnessed for ever-greater production.A. hardenedB. convertedC. changedD. utilized3. He had a distinct feeling that something was wrong.A. differentB. clearC. plainD. vague4. Benchmarking deserves credit for inspiring some legendary corporate turnarounds.A. beliefB. honorC. praiseD. money5 Xe rox CEO David Kearns initially launched the successful “Leadership through Quality” program to boost product quality.A. aidB. promoteC. improveD. encourage6. Xerox has been able to reclaim the market leadership position that had one been threatened.A. cry outB. draw backC. call backD. demand back7. Fellow workers on campus have set up a few committees to unite all of them.A. nativeB. guyC. partnerD. colleagues8. The speaker spent several days polishing his speech.A. writingB. readingC. improvingD. editing9. The knocking at the window startled me.A. frightenedB. movedC. objectedD. excited10. She was obliged to abandon her original idea..A. observeB. give upC. changeD. modifySection B (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET .11. We _________ red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.A. substitutedB. changedC. replacedD. transformed12. He worked so well that he was soon __________ to the position of manager.A. advancedB. reversedC. increasedD. raised13. A commission was set up to _____________ historical houses in the city.A. involveB. preserveC. surviveD. verify14. You can see the house _____________ for years.A. isn’t paintedB. hasn’t paintedC. hadn’t been paintedD. hasn’t been painted15. By 2008, the university__________-20000 postgraduates.A. will be trainedB. had trainedC. will have trainedD. will be training16. He ordered the work ____________.A. starting at onceB. to be started at onceC. to start at onceD. at once to tart17. This room is ___________ hat one.A. three times big thanB. three times as big asC. three times biggerD. bigger three times than18. She found a place in the building ________ she used as her first laboratory.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. when19. It is the best film________ I’ve ever seen.A. itB. whichC. thatD. what20. He insured his car ___________ he had an accident.A. unlessB. ifC. in caseD. sinceII. Reading comprehension. (1.5 points x 20=30 points)Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.The black robin is one of the world’s rarest birds .It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds ,of course ,of different kinds ,large and small; these seem to multiply very happily.Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin-to guard those remaining and to increase their number. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home , a “reserve”, for threatened wild life ,including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked with the robin’s food-it eats only one kind of seed-and so renewed for it .Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear from the earth in our time at least.Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earth’s long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success-and died out .In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to m eet the challenges will disappear early. That is Nature’s proven method of operation.The rule of selection-“the survival of the fittest”-is the one by which man has himself arrived on the scene .He ,being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced ,may last longer than most. Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast man, for they seemeven more adaptable. You may take it as another rule that when ,at last ,man shows signs of dying out ,on other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure .On the contrary ,he will be hurried out; for Nature ,though fair ,is a hardhearted mistress. She has no favorites.Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.21. The black robin is dying out mainly because________.A. people have been very careless about its survival.B. Its only food is becoming exhausted on Little Mangere.C. The other birds on the island have destroyed it.D. The appeal of money has come on the wrong time.22. As regards selection and survival ,the decisive factor seems to be _________.A. the ability to adapt to the changed or changing condition.B. The number of wild life revere that are available.C. The concern and generosity of the public.D. The size of the home, or the amount of space one has to live in.23. “What the earth offers” here means _____________.A. food, drink and air.B. Rivers, forests and hills.B. All conditions that affect life D. Things that are necessary for survival.24.In the last paragraph but one ,the writer says ,“…no other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure.” It means that ___________.A. man’s friends on earth won’t persuade him to stay on.B. Ot her animals won’t do anything to help man survive.C. Small animals and birds will all come to say good bye.D. Man’s fellow creatures won’t attack him with their paws.25. The essay seems to suggest that ___________.A. man alone is to blame when such a thing happens.B. All creatures are concerned about the survival of others.C. It is a disaster for everyone when one kind of bird dies,D. Nature expects and accepts the dying out of weaker breeds.Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Drunken driving—sometimes called America s socially accepted form of murder –has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well—publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18—20 –year—old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine- year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the l3 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.26. Drunken driving has become major problem in America because _______.A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. accidents attract so much publicityD. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America27. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A. Detailed statistics are now available.B. The news media have highlighted the problem.C. Judges are giving more severe sentences.D. Drivers are more conscious of their image.28. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ________.A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young drivers were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised29. Laws recently introduced in some states have _______.A. reduced the number of convictionsB. resulted in fewer serious accidentsC. prevented bare from serving drunken customersD. Specified the amount drivers can drink30. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A. Alcohol is easily obtainedB. Drinking is linked to organized crimeC. Legal prohibition has already failedD. Legislation alone is not sufficientQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage.Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indianscommunicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. There are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backwards in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.31In the second paragraph the author thinks that_____A. some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own.B. some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth can communicate without language.32. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have______ languages.A. complicatedB. uncivilizedC. primitive B. well-known33. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_______A. just as cold as some well-known languages.B.just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex than some well-known languages.34. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than other languages.35. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in _______A.grammar.B. pronunciation.C. vocabulary.D. intonation.Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably ,some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth ,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died ,and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was l25, twenty-fivepoints higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities ,the twins ,having identical brains , would have been tested at roughly the same level.36. This selection can be titled _____.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. Pitfalls for the I. Q. Test37. The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that ____.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence38 According to the passage, the average I.Q.is ______.A.85B.110C.100D.12539. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____.A. individuals with identical brains are seldom tested at the same levelB. an individual's intelligence is determined solely by his environmentC. children reared under average conditions possess average intelligenceD. lack of opportunity hinders the growth of intelligence40. This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q._______.A. can be predicted at birthB. is inherited from his parentsC. stays the same through his lifeD. can be increased by educationIII. Cloze (1×1=10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.Which hand do you use more? Of course, you do many things 41 riding a bicycle with both. Often you use only one hand. For example, when you play table-tennis, the 42 are that you use your right hand. Most people are right-handed, but " there are 43 of "lefties" in the world; there are over 25 million in North America 44 .Psychologists who study these things tell us that children use both hands 45 well until they are around three. Then they 46 begin to prefer one hand to another. .47 suggest that left-handed people are more creative and more 48 than right-handed people. Not all the news 49 good, though: lefties are also more stubborn and more 50 than right-handed people. They are more likely to suffer from stuttering or to have difficulty learning to read. This is especially true if they were forced to use their right hand as a child.In the past, left-handed people were often cursed and regarded with suspicion or fear. Those days' are gone. Nowadays, in large cities you can usually find special stores selling all kinds of things for left-handed people, such as scissors, golf clubs, guitars and cameras.41. A namely B. when C. such as D. same as42. A answers B. chances C. tendencies D. trends43. A millions B. billions C. thousands D. tens of thousands44. A oneself B. lone C. lonely D. alone45. A equally B. quite C. the same D. surely46. A slowly B. gradually C. steadily D. suddenly47.A Proof B. Fact . C. Evidence D. Story48. A athlete B. athletic C. sportsman D. sportsmanship49. A is B. are C. was D. were50. A angry B. hot-headed C. impulsive D. urgent2.All buildings had been __________ hospitals.3.Though it looked like rain this morning, it has ___________ a fine day.4.The truck was carrying a ________ of bananas.5.The design is worthless for all __________purposes.6.In this competitive world, it is better for any firms to gain technological_________.7.The organization works to _____________ friendship between nations.8. A political dispute ___________six nations may be settled by an agreement between them.9.All this occurred in an already ___________ poor country.10.Why don’t you do something__________ in your spare time?V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)Water is very important to living things. Without water there can be no life on Earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. We need water to drink, to cook our food and to clean ourselves. Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. Where else is water needed? Water covers about seventy percent of the Earth's surface. There is water in seas, rivers, lakes, springs(泉) and wells. Water is found almost everywhere, Even in the driest part of the world there is some water in the air. You cannot see it or feel it when it is part of the air. The water in oceans and lakes and streams is a liquid. The water in the air is not a liquid but a gas. We call it water vapor. Clouds are made of water. They may be made of tiny drops of water. They may also be made of snow crystals. Snow crystals are tiny crystals of ice. Ice is frozen water or water that has become solid.VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. 现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。
工程硕士(GCT)英语-84_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
工程硕士(GCT)英语-84(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and StructureDirections:In this part there are ten incomplete sentences, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.1.However much he______his expenses, he cannot make both ends meet.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cuts downB cuts inC cuts outD cuts off该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A[注释] 本题需弄清以cut为中心的四个短语动词的意思。
A项cut down意为“减少，削减”，B项cut in意为“插嘴，干预”，C项cut out意为“删去，割去”， D项cut off意为“砍掉，打断(通话)”。
根据题意，A为正确答案。
2.The bill is______at any time up to next Friday.SSS_SINGLE_SELA payableB commercialC luxuriousD enormous该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A[注释] 本题为词义辨析。
A项payable意为“应(支)付的”，B项commercial 意为“商业的，商品化的”，C项luxurious意为“奢侈的，大量的”，D项enormous意为“巨大的，庞大的”。
2006级硕士研究生(B类)英语期末考试试题
2006级硕士研究生(B类)英语期末考试试题Part II Translation from English to Chinese 20%Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.In that tradition, when dad needs something, he goes and gets it. So when it‟s time to buy him a gift, all that‟s left is stuff he didn‟t really want. The question becomes, what do you get for the guy who has everything? Choosing the right gift can be a minefield. It‟s not the gift that matters. It‟s not really the thought that counts, either. Y ou have to find a gift that says, “Hey, dad, I really understand who you are and this is a symbol of our relationship.”Moreover, some dads have trouble switching roles from giver to receiver. “I tell my kids, …you don‟t have to get me anything,‟”says Rick Flynn. His philosophy is, “Let me take care of you.”“But at the same time,”he admits, “I‟m thinking, …Gee, I hope I get that drill.”Part III. Translation from Chinese to English 20%加强企业间的合作是当今世界企业发展的重要方向。
工程硕士研究生英语
T EST P APERPart I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 20 points, 1 for each) Section ADirections: You will hear a conversation. A customer is checking in at a hotel. Listen to the recording and fill out the table below with the information you’ve heard forquestions 1~10. Write no more than 5 words in each numbered box. You will hearthe recording twice.Information about checking in at a hotelSingle room or double one? 1Length of staying 2Which floor? 3 Customer’s problem at night 4 Condition of the room 5Rate of the room per night 6Service a color television, a telephone and 7 Discount for one week 8 Discount for two weeks 9Number of restaurants 10 Section BDirections:In this section you will hear a passage or a talk twice. The passage or talk is incomplete with some words or phrases missing. Before you listen to therecording, you should try to guess the missing words or phrases. When thepassage or talk is read for the first time, you should listen carefully and fill in theblanks numbered from 11 to 20 with the exact words or phrases you have justheard. When the passage is read for the second time, you should check your answers.TEST 12The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would 11 an invention, both in writing and with drawings, and submit the description with a model to the government office. This was a big improvement from the past when patents were submitted 12 to the secretary of state! Now, if the invention was judged to be new and useful, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years, later changed to 13 years, the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could14 their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not15 any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could sue anyone who used thepatented idea without 16 the owner of the patent for permission to use it! A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. 17 this governmental protection, the government 18 the patent specifications, which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general 19 technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for free. The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money 20 new ideas; and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might otherwise be kept as trade secrets.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, half for each)Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences. Each of the sentences has an underlined part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part. Mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21. He refused to acknowledge that he was defeated.A. acquaintB. acquireC. admitD. accumulate22. That book is the authentic story of a doctor’s life.A. joyfulB. genuineC. authorizedD. fearless23. The pilot really knows how to handle an airplane.A. steerB. holdC. treatD. deal withTEST 1 324. He was in town to promote his new book.A. raiseB. sellC. elevateD. publicize25. The police pursued the bank robber.A. caughtB. freedC. chargedD. chased26. Bridges over railroad tracks eliminate danger in crossing.A. get rid ofB. increaseC. bring aboutD. reduce27. The hospital is supported by voluntary contributors.A. generousB. volunteeredC. kind-heartedD. different28. You are wasting your potential on this job.A. moneyB. timeC. capabilityD. energy29. He has a substantial understanding of economics.A. a largeB. a solidC. an abundantD. a massive30. The Chamber of Commerce boosts local business.A. restrainsB. controlsC. advancesD. overseesSection BDirections: In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through thecenter.31. He is so clever, and he makes me feel _____.A. superiorB. inferiorC. subordinateD. subjective32. The king was so much under the influence of his wife that she was the rulerof the country.A. virtualB. vigorousC. verbalD. versatile33. The decision was made in _____ with the local police.A. consultationB. commissionC. consumptionD. constitution34. The _____ owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.A. offensiveB. orientC. overwhelmingD. original35. He views everything from a political _____.A. potentialB. perspectiveC. previewD. priority36. Your work is ________ all praise.A. out ofB. aboveC. beyondD. overTEST 1437. After being defeated they ________ to the enemy.A. fellB. submittedC. tookD. kept38. They traveled from London to Paris ________ Dover.A. viaB. throughC. acrossD. by39. They have ________ to the files.A. wayB. meansC. pathD. access40. Don’t waste energy ________ over such a minor matter.A. fussingB. lookingC. runningD. handingPart III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each) Directions: In this section there are 6 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with asingle line through the center.Passage 1Did you know that you could be sitting on a fortune without even realizing it? If you’re like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.That’s exactly why Tony Hyman, Ed. D., one of America’s top authorities on collectibles and the host of the #1 radio antiques and collectibles call-in Q & A show, wrote his book Trash(废物) or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to make money for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,” says Anita Gold, one of the country’s foremost columnists on collectibles. “It’s better than buying a lottery ticket (彩票，奖券) — you can’t lose with this book.”Elsie Gordon, from Florida, made $250 by going through the trash after her husband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts and oily manuals she’d rescued might be worth $10.There’s only one way to know if what you have is trash or treasure. You have to aska qualified expert. That’s why Dr. Hyman’s book is invaluable: It leads you straight to1 200 specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.TEST 1 5Trash or Treasure, which has sold nearly 250 000 copies, is the only book of its kind. For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where they’re located, and how to handle the transaction. All you have to do is fill out the Sell-A-Gram included with the book.Trash or Treasure gives you all the information you need to trade in your trash for cash. Let’s face it. You can’t afford to pass up that opportunity.41. What does “authored” (Par. 2, last sentence) mean?Written.A.Authorized. B.C. Given up the right to.D. Been an authority on.42. From what Anita Gold said we can infer that ________.A. you may lose a lottery ticket but you won’t lose this bookB. you may not do as well as others when you buy a lottery ticket but you will be asgood as anybody else when you buy this bookC. you may spend money and get nothing back when you buy a lottery ticket butyou can always get something back when you buy this bookD. you may be late for getting money from a lottery ticket but you can’t when youbuy this book43. What does “dust-gatherers” (Par. 5, last sentence) mean?A. Things one collects when gathering up trash.B. People employed to empty the dustbin.C. Things on which dust gathers.D. People hired to help clear away the trash.44. Which of the following is NOT included in the book?A. What might be of value.B. Who would buy valuable collectibles.C. Where the specialty buyers are located.D. When the specialty buyers handle transactions.45. This text is likely to be ________.A. a book reviewB. an advertisementC. advice provided by the social servicesD. a preface to a bookTEST 16Passage 2As anyone who uses them knows, there is a Way of Palms, those hand-held organizers favored by the digitally intelligent. Laugh if you want, but compared with big, complicated PCs (and with Palm’s bulky competitors, Windows CE devices), the Palm has always been disarmingly clear. It does just a few things—managing contacts, dates, and to-do lists—but does them well. But those minimalist days are over now: Palm is going color.That could make things more complicated. The recently announced Palm IIIc ($450) is the company’s first color-screen Palm, and not only is it slightly longer than its predecessors (前身) but it promises many more functions. With the help of add-on modules (模块) made by other companies, the Palm IIIc supposedly will transform into a color digital camera or a global positioning device, capable of showing you where you are in the world via color-coded maps. Indeed, it seems all hand-held digital organizers are becoming colorful and complicated. Handspring, a rival company run by former Palm executives, is expected to announce a color version of its Visor, a device that runs on Palm’s operating system. The selling point of that device will be add-ons modules such as cameras, cell phones, and games. And makers of Windows CE organizers, several of which introduced expensive color models early last year, are doing it again.This time, though, the WinCE machines have been renamed “Pocket PCs” and for good reason: They’re almost as feature loaded as a typical PC.Though there are no wireless services available for it now, the Pocket PC is the clear winner for people who are particular about readability, because its resolution (分辨率) is much sharper than the Palm IIIc’s. And for electronic books and some publications, Pocket PC uses the new Clear Type technology, which makes digital words look almost printed. Barnes & Noble will be porting selected bestsellers into Clear Type for Pocket PC readers. Does that rule out the Palm? Not at all. The IIIc is far from unreadable, and, moreover, it will be offering electronic books and other publications in Adobe’s PDF format. This is not only admirably lively but also already very popular on the Web. And that means Palm will be able to offer a wider range of content.46. The word “disarmingly” (Par. 1, sentence 2) is closest in meaning to “________.”A. convenientlyB. extremelyC. unbelievablyD. irresistiblyTEST 1 747. Compared with its predecessors, Palm IIIc has all of the following features EXCEPT________.A. it is less expensiveB. it is slightly longerC. it is colorfulD. it is more functional48. How many brands of colorful hand-held organizers are mentioned in the passage?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.49. All of the following features EXCEPT ________ can be used to promote the sale ofVisor.A. it can be used as a color digital cameraB. it can be used as a cell phoneC. it can be used for global positioningD. it can be used for playing games50. Which of the following gives Palm IIIc advantages over Pocket PC?A. It has more features.B. It is far from unreadable.C. The new technology it uses for publications is superior.D. The format in which it offers publications is popular.Passage 3Since publishing his first novel in 1989, John Grisham has established himself as one of the top novelists of the late 20th century. In fact, it was Grisham’s second novel, The Firm (1991), that launched his rise to stardom. In The Firm, a brilliant Harvard Law School graduate named Mitch McDeere accepts a job with a Memphis-based law firm, where he discovers mystery, deceit, and murder. The novel is truly worthy of the oft-used critical phrases “gripping” and “compelling, ” as evidenced by its long-time status as a New York Times bestseller. Grisham keenly keeps the reader one jump ahead of the main character, but a few steps behind the generally unpredictable plot that gradually swallows him up. The Firm showcases Grisham’s talent for quickly developing fascinating, though uncomplicated, characters, and for spinning a fast-unfolding, exciting tale. Those skills make up for what Bill Brashler, in his review in the Chicago Tribune, refers to as a “delicious diet of coincidence (巧合)” that dilutes the novel’s believability.The marvelous success of The Firm sparked interest in Grisham’s first novel,A Time to Kill (1989), which was soon cheered by critics as exciting and thought provoking.In the novel, Grisham explores the uncomfortable relationship between whites andTEST 18blacks in the rural south. Noted for deeper character development, the book provides insight into Mississippi’s backwoods culture.Grisham excels at the basic task of charming his readers. Much of his success, though, can be attributed to his ability to weave into his novels parts of his past that make his sensational plots seem more believable. He grew up in the southern United States, earned his law degree at the University of Mississippi, worked as a defense attorney, and was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. Elements of the legal profession and the southern lifestyle form the foundation upon which he builds the plot in his books.Most criticism of Grisham’s work centers around shallow character development and simplistic plots. Grisham isn’t swayed by such commentary: “I write to grab readers.This isn’t serious literature,” he has said.51. Which of the following is true according to the passage?The Firm made Grisham one of the top novelists of the late 20th century.A.A Time to Kill was a New York Times bestseller for a long time.B.C. Readers know more than the main character about what will happen.D. The main character know more than readers about what will happen.52. What is “dilute” (Par. 1, last sentence) most likely to mean?A. Spoil.B. Increase.C. Question.D. Decrease.53. All of the following EXCEPT ________ is true of Grisham.A. he was familiar with Mississippi’s backwoods cultureB. he was a brilliant Harvard Law School graduateC. he was once a lawyerD. he was once a congressman54. All of the following EXCEPT ________ are used to describe plots in Grisham’snovels.A. fascinatingB. unpredictableC. sensationalD. simplistic55. What is Grisham’s attitude toward most criticism?A. Unconcerned.B. Interested.C. Unhappy.D. Disappointed. Passage 4Close upon the hour of noon the whole village was suddenly electrified with the horrible news. No need of the as yet undreamed-of telegraph; the tale flew from man toTEST 1 9man, from group to group, from house to house with little less than telegraphic speed. Of course the schoolmaster gave holiday for that afternoon; the town would have thought strangely of him if he had not. A bloody knife had been found close to the murdered man, and it had been recognized by somebody as belonging to Muff Potter—so the story ran. And it was said that a citizen had come upon Potter washing himself in the “branch” about one or two o’clock in the morning, and that Potter had at once slipped off—suspicious circumstances, especially the washing, which was not a habit with Potter. It was also said that the town had been thoroughly searched for this “murderer” (the public are not slow in the matter of studying evidence and arriving at a judgement), but that he could not be found. Horsemen had departed down all the roads in every direction, and the Sheriff (郡警察局长) was confident that he would be captured before night.All the town was drifting towards the graveyard. Tom’s heartbreak vanished, and he joined the procession, not because he would not a thousand times rather go anywhere else, but because an awful, unaccountable fascination drew him on. After arriving at the frightful place, he wormed his small body through the crowd and saw the miserable spectacle. It seemed to him an age since he was there before. Somebody pinched his arm. He turned, and his eyes met Huckleberry’s. Then both looked elsewhere at once, and wondered if anybody had noticed anything in their mutual glance. But everybody was talking, and fixed upon the shocking sight before them.56. Why does the author mention “telegraph” (Par. 1, sentence 2)?A. To show why the news could spread so quickly.B. To show that people at the time liked to use telegraph.C. To tell how fast the news spread.D. To tell that the telegraph was a dream of the time.57. What did people think of the schoolmaster’s decision to give holiday for thatafternoon?A. They thought it was strange.B. They thought he was strange.C. They had strange opinions of him.D. They thought it was the right thing to do.58. All of the following EXCEPT ________ were against Muff Potter.A. that his knife was found close to the murdered manB. that he would be captured before nightTEST 110C. that he was found washing himself early in the morningD. that he suddenly disappeared59. Why did Tom go to the graveyard?A. He was drawn by an irresistible force.B. He had nowhere else to go.C. All the town was drifting there.D. He did not want to miss the spectacular scene.60. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. Tom knew something about the murder.B. Muff Potter liked washing himself.C. People knew that Potter was the murderer.D. The Sheriff would capture Potter before night.Passage 5Princeton, America’s richest university, with over $750 000 in donation for every student, started it earlier this year. It was concerned that its prices were keeping out clever, poorer, kids, so it decided to offer full scholarships for students with family incomes below $40 000, and more aid for those below $90 000. Shortly afterwards, Yale’s president, Richard Levin, announced more aid for middle-income families.Stanford and MIT (not strictly Ivy League (常春藤联盟), but competitors nevertheless) soon announced similar plans. Harvard considered matters and then increased its financial aid budget by 20%. Next came Dartmouth. And in October Cornell announced plans to raise $200m of new donation to finance greater financial aid.The other Ivy Leaguers may not have the resources to compete. Brown has already weakened the policy, still practised by rivals, of admitting students regardless of ability to pay and then guaranteeing them the aid they need to attend.Now there are stories of students faxing aid offers to competing schools and asking them to be matched. The Harvard University Gazette (公报) reported that Harvard sent a letter this spring to all newly admitted students saying: “We expect that some of our students will have particularly attractive offers from the institutions with new aid programmes, and those students should not assume that we will not respond.” The most striking thing about this sentence is not its clumsy double negative. It is that Harvard sounds just like an appliance salesman crying, “We will meet or beat any price!”In the past, the Ivy League universities have not merely avoided coarse price。
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B卷Part I Paragraph Writing (20%)Directions:Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:The Popularity of Blog.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.近年来“博客”越来越流行，许多人利用“博客”来表达心声、交流想法；2.博客流行的原因；3.目前的博客中可能存在的问题。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%)Directions: In this part, you will have to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 6-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The RescueThomas and Diana Stewart, out for an afternoon drive, stopped at a stop sign in a quiet suburban neighborhood. Thomas watched a little girl, perhaps two years old, as she played in her yard. Moments later he gasped when he realized she was playing with a cigarette lighter. “How utterly awful it is to let a small child play with a cigarette lighter,” Thomas exclaimed to his wife. His wife nodded her head in agreement.As he prepared to pull away, he watched the little girl head into the back yard. As the car began to move, Thomas spotted a large red gasoline can, with no lid on it. If the girl flicked the cigarette lighter, the spark or resulting flame could ignite(引燃)the fumes escaping from the open gas can, creating a high potential for disaster.Thomas trained in safety and rescue operations while in the army, trained in the martial arts while in college, a marathon runner, weight lifter, and Olympic swimmer, sprang into action. He kicked his car door open, and instructed his wife to take the fire extinguisher in the car. She nodded her head and followed him with the equipment he needed. He removed the tab(拉环), activating(使……工作)the extinguisher and directed her to spray the small child as if she were in flames. Dianne aimed the nozzel（喷头）at the baby and pulled the trigger. Mushrooming foam covered the little girl from her head to her toes, protecting her from the flames, in the event of an explosion. The little girl began crying, not aware that these two people were risking their very livesfor her.From the side of the house, Thomas and Diana heard the child’s mother yell, “Jessica, do you need more candy in your Pez dispenser(售货机)?”The couple looked again at the object in the little girl’s hand, and then rushed to their car and hightailed(赶紧逃离) out of the neighborhood.Chose the best answers to the following questions:1.Why did Thomas rush out of his car and into the yard?A.He tried to give a hand to the baby girl in danger.B.He realized that there was a fire risk at hand.C.He wanted to make sure what the girl had in her hand.D.He found a little girl playing with a fire extinguisher.2.What was the baby holding in her hand?A.A toy machine.B. A cigarette lighter.C.Some candies.D.An open gas can.3.Which of the following statements is not true about Thomas?A.He was a marathon runner.B.He was an Olympic champion in the martial arts.C.He was an Olympic swimmer.D.He was a weight lifter.4.Why did the couple spray the baby with foam?A The baby’s life was at risk.B The baby was in flames.C They tried to stop the baby from getting close to the open gas can.D They meant to save her from an explosion.5.The little girl’s mother _______when she yelled from inside the house.A.witnessed what was going on outside the houseB.saw the couple rush into the back yardC.wanted to give the baby more sweetsD.realized the potential danger and tried to give her a warningComplete the following sentences with the information given in the passage.6. When Thomas prepared to drive his car away, he watched the little girl make her wayinto_____________________.7. Dianna aimed the nozzle of the _______at the small child to spray her as if she were in flames.8. Thomas was trained in________while in the army.9. If the small child flicked the cigarette lighter, it was very likely to have created a ___________.10 The couple rushed away from the neighborhood because they__________________________.Part III Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (30%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body, and you are better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers or fellow students, who just may be passing the viruses around. If you feel a chill when you’re coming down with a cold, you’re already sick. A chill is an early symptom: It’s the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around.While the virus can spread through droplets(飞沫)propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes. Surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact. A cold sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. “Don’t kiss me,” she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye, and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child’s discarded(丢弃的)tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward.Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects—telephones, towels, plates and remain infectious for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing— on the part of the cold sufferer as well as other members of the household—will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.11. According to the author, we are most likely to catch a cold if we______________.A. stay long hours in the street on a snowy dayB. attend a party with a lot of peopleC. go skiing or skating in the open airD. go out on an extremely cold and windy day12. From what the author says, we can infer that “Exposure to severe weather causes colds.”is___________________.A. still the view held by many peopleB. only a supposition of doctorsC. a fact already proven by doctorsD. an out-of-date view of people in the past13. To prevent viruses from spreading, we should_________________.A. never touch the telephones, towels or platesB. shake hands with our friends instead of kissing themC. often rub our noses and eyesD. often wash our hands14. Man is most likely to be stricken with a cold if_____________.A. he visits his friend in a warm roomB. he often rubs his eyes or noseC. he shakes hands with a cold-suffererD. he fails to expose the cold viruses to air15. The best title for this passage might be_______________.A. Ways to Avoid ColdsB. Colds and VirusesC. Hand Contact and Transmission of VirusesD. The Spread of VirusesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.. Time spent in a bookstore can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merelythere to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment—without buying a book, of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?”You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing—something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to bur it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Book-sellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent.16. You may spend too much time in a bookshop because_______________.A. you start reading one of the booksB. the dust-jackets are very attractiveC. you have to make sure you can’t buy a dull book as a presentD. it is raining outside17. In a good bookshop___________________.A. the assistant greets you in a friendly wayB. nobody takes any notice of youC. you feel that you are in a music shopD. your heart is contented18. An assistant should help you________________.A. just before you finish browsingB. as soon as you have entered a shopC. when he leads you to a particular sectionD. only when you have finished browsing19. It is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy___________________.A. a best-selling novel on brass-rubbingB. a book on ancient coinsC. a book that unexpectedly interests youD. a book that only vaguely interests you20. This passage is mainly about______________________.A. how to select books in a bookshopB. some advice on entering a bookshopC. attractions of books in a bookshopD. assistants’ service in a bookshopPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The consequences are sobering. Students in the U.S. now enter the job market with inferior skills. Once the unquestioned champion in industrial research, America is watching its lead dwindle. Some experts go so far as to suggest that failings in education put the nation in danger of becoming a second-class economic power. Whether or not that’s the case is a key element in a bubbling debate over international competitiveness. Consider just these few examples of how American students are falling behind:When Japanese teenagers finish the 12th grade, they have the equivalent of three to four more years of school than U.S. high-school graduates. Stanford’s Thomas Rohlen, a leading expert on Japan, says half of them know as much as the average U.S. college graduate.Nine of 10 Japanese get high-school diplomas. But nearly a quarter of America’s teenagers drop out, sending one million untrained youngsters into the job market every year. The problem would beworse, some experts say with a straight face, if so many teenagers didn’t stay in school so they could take driver’s education and get a driver’s license.For years, foreigners have outclassed young Americans in academic knowledge, and this week sees still another indictment of U.S. education: New details on how thousands of 12th graders in selected countries did on a 1982 algebra test given by the International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Hong Kong ranked first, barely ahead of Japan. The U.S. finished 14th among the 15 countries, just ahead of Thailand, just behind Hungary. In a United Nations survey of what students in nine countries know about foreign cultures, the U.S. comes in next to last. One test of American 12-year-olds shows 20 percent unable to locate even their own nation on a world map. “Our students lag behind, and it doesn’t bode well for our country,”says Herbert Walberg, a comparative-education expert for the University of Illinois in Chicago. “Fifty-five percent of America’s jobs involve information processing. If we don’t have good, solid skills in language, geography, math and science, we’ll be at a severe disadvantage.”21. American newspapers have carried the sad news about American education that_________.A. many American students can’t find jobB. Jonny can’t read or writeC. many American young people are illiterateD. American youngsters do not work hard22.Which of the following sentences if NOT true according to the passage?A. Japanese high-school students know much more than their American peersB. The United States was once considered the best in industrial researchC. One out of four American teenagers choose to work before they finish high school educationD. Only in these years have American students fallen behind foreigners in academic knowledge23. “With a straight face” in Paragraph 4 most probably means________________.A. with a clean faceB. with a long faceC. with an honest expressionD. with a serious expression24.A 1982 algebra test given by the IAEEA showed that________________.A. American students were better than Thai studentsB. Thai students were better than AmericansC. Hungarian students ranked the 15thD. Japanese students were the best25. According to Herbert Walberg, American students will be at a serious disadvantage because______________________.A. they lack the skills needed for their future jobsB. there will not be sufficient jobs for themC. almost all the jobs require information processingD. more foreigners will seek jobs in the U.S.。