美国文学史及作品选读 PPT
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◆ John Winthrop: The History of New England, A Model of Christian Charity
◆ Anne Bradstreet: first American woman
poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; her first collection of poems, “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States; her poems mainly about religious experience, family life and early settlers’ lives; her work also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of New England colonial life, and in some way is a testament to plight of the women of the age; her most famous poems—“Contemplations” (P17)
● Representatives
◆ Captain John Smith: the first American Writer, A Description of New England (P16)
◆ William Bradford: The History of Plymouth Plantation (P16-17)
2 Help the students to know about the main literary form, content and theme in Colonial America and the representative writers of this period.
3 Help the students know about the American history of Independence War and the representatives in the period of Reason and Revolution, especially their influence on American Literature.
Influence of American Puritanism on literature
◆ Basis of American literature: the dream of building an Eden of Garden on earth
◆ Being instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism (meaning using symbols in literary works. The symbol means something representing or standing for abstract deep meaning.): lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works
1 Literature of the Colonial America (1607-1765)
2 Literature of Reason and Revolution (1765-End of 18th C)
1.1 Historical Background
In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America. Spanish (the first town on the new continent) Dutch (New York city) French (French: lots of people’s mother tongue in North America); English (first settled in Jamestown of Virginia in 1607) In1620, the famous “May Flower” shipped 102 Puritans to Plymouth.
◆ Roger Williams: one of the greatest Puritan dissenters; begins with the history of religious toleration in America, and the history of the separation of church and state.
◆ American Puritans’ lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them.
◆ As a culture heritage, American Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. It also had an enduring influence on American literature. It was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.
Lecture 1
The Literature of the Colonial America and of Reason and Revolution
Teaching Objectives and Requirements
1 Make the students know clear about American Puritanism and its influence on American Literature.
4 Make the students have a good understanding of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin.
5 Make sure the students understand clearly about Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography and its influence on the latter Americans.
◆ Style: simple, fresh and direct
1.3 Colonial Literature
General features:
◆ Humble origins: diaries, histories, letters etc. ◆ In content: serving either God or colonial expansion or both ◆ In form: imitating English literary traditions
◆ They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. They wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They came to America out of various reasons.
◆ Edward Taylor: the best of the puritan poets; a meditative poet; most of his work treated religious themes, with poems based directly on the Psalms
◆ They were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete “purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical.
1.2 Puritan Thought
Puritanism: the practices and beliefs of the Puritans ◆ Puritans: Calvinists. ◆ Puritans wanted to “purify the church” to its
original state. ◆ To be a Puritan:
religion—the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement
◆ Life style of Puritans: pious austere of taste diligent thrift rigid sense of morality self-reliant
>> back
2 Literature of Reason and Revolution (1765-End of 18th C)
2.1 Historical Background
2.2 Representatives in the period of Reason and Revolution
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
● Enlightenment (启蒙运动): ◆ Originated in Europe in the 17th century (1680) ◆ Resources: Newton’s theory; deism（P28）;
American Puritanism: the practices and beliefs of the American Puritans
◆ American Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I.
◆ Anne Bradstreet: first American woman
poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; her first collection of poems, “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States; her poems mainly about religious experience, family life and early settlers’ lives; her work also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of New England colonial life, and in some way is a testament to plight of the women of the age; her most famous poems—“Contemplations” (P17)
● Representatives
◆ Captain John Smith: the first American Writer, A Description of New England (P16)
◆ William Bradford: The History of Plymouth Plantation (P16-17)
2 Help the students to know about the main literary form, content and theme in Colonial America and the representative writers of this period.
3 Help the students know about the American history of Independence War and the representatives in the period of Reason and Revolution, especially their influence on American Literature.
Influence of American Puritanism on literature
◆ Basis of American literature: the dream of building an Eden of Garden on earth
◆ Being instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism (meaning using symbols in literary works. The symbol means something representing or standing for abstract deep meaning.): lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works
1 Literature of the Colonial America (1607-1765)
2 Literature of Reason and Revolution (1765-End of 18th C)
1.1 Historical Background
In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America. Spanish (the first town on the new continent) Dutch (New York city) French (French: lots of people’s mother tongue in North America); English (first settled in Jamestown of Virginia in 1607) In1620, the famous “May Flower” shipped 102 Puritans to Plymouth.
◆ Roger Williams: one of the greatest Puritan dissenters; begins with the history of religious toleration in America, and the history of the separation of church and state.
◆ American Puritans’ lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them.
◆ As a culture heritage, American Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. It also had an enduring influence on American literature. It was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.
Lecture 1
The Literature of the Colonial America and of Reason and Revolution
Teaching Objectives and Requirements
1 Make the students know clear about American Puritanism and its influence on American Literature.
4 Make the students have a good understanding of Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin.
5 Make sure the students understand clearly about Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography and its influence on the latter Americans.
◆ Style: simple, fresh and direct
1.3 Colonial Literature
General features:
◆ Humble origins: diaries, histories, letters etc. ◆ In content: serving either God or colonial expansion or both ◆ In form: imitating English literary traditions
◆ They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. They wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They came to America out of various reasons.
◆ Edward Taylor: the best of the puritan poets; a meditative poet; most of his work treated religious themes, with poems based directly on the Psalms
◆ They were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete “purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical.
1.2 Puritan Thought
Puritanism: the practices and beliefs of the Puritans ◆ Puritans: Calvinists. ◆ Puritans wanted to “purify the church” to its
original state. ◆ To be a Puritan:
religion—the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement
◆ Life style of Puritans: pious austere of taste diligent thrift rigid sense of morality self-reliant
>> back
2 Literature of Reason and Revolution (1765-End of 18th C)
2.1 Historical Background
2.2 Representatives in the period of Reason and Revolution
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
● Enlightenment (启蒙运动): ◆ Originated in Europe in the 17th century (1680) ◆ Resources: Newton’s theory; deism（P28）;
American Puritanism: the practices and beliefs of the American Puritans
◆ American Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I.