鸡粪堆肥有机物演化对重金属生物有效性影响研究_卜贵军

第35卷第11期2014年11月

环 境 科 学ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Vol.35,No.11Nov.,2014

鸡粪堆肥有机物演化对重金属生物有效性影响研究

卜贵军1,2,于静3,邸慧慧4,罗世家1,2,周大寨1,肖强1,2∗

(1.湖北民族学院生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室,恩施　445000;2.湖北民族学院林学园艺学院,恩施　445000;

3.成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都　610059;

4.湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,恩施　445000)

摘要:采用离子色谱、三维荧光光谱、紫外⁃可见吸收光谱和多元统计分析,研究了鸡粪堆肥水溶性有机物(DOM)和重金属组成与演化特性,探究了有机物演化对重金属生物有效性的影响及其机理.结果显示,堆肥升温期和高温期有机物降解最为剧烈,产生了大量苹果酸、酒石酸、乙酸和草酸,其浓度分别在2097.55~2155.61、39.24~51.58、12.52~12.90及1.68~

2.31mg ·L -1之间;堆肥降温期和二次发酵过程,蛋白类物质降解,腐殖质类物质合成,DOM 的腐殖化率和缩合度增大,稳定性增强.堆肥过程中水溶态重金属中Fe 的浓度(1.069~7.106mg ·L -1)最高,Al、As、Cr、Cu 和Mn 的浓度(0.1~1.008

mg ·L -1)其次,Pb 的浓度(0.003~0.02mg ·L -1)最低,随着堆肥的进行水溶态重金属含量呈下降趋势(Al 除外),相关性分析显示,水溶态重金属主要结合在腐殖质类物质上,生物可利用性低.分析结果表明,堆肥可通过降低水溶态重金属的含量和将水溶态重金属络合在腐殖质类物质上降低产品中重金属的生物有效性.关键词:鸡粪;堆肥;有机物;重金属;生物有效性

中图分类号:X705　文献标识码:A　文章编号:0250⁃3301(2014)11⁃4352⁃07　DOI :10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.11.043

收稿日期:2014⁃03⁃31;修订日期:2014⁃05⁃04

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31260057);湖北省科技厅自然

科学基金项目(B2013077);生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室第四批开放基金项目(PKLHB1322)

作者简介:卜贵军(1981~),男,讲师,主要研究方向为物质微观结

构,E⁃mail:379977049@

∗通讯联系人,E⁃mail:hbmysws@

Influence of Organic Matter Evolution During Composting on the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals

BU Gui⁃jun

1,2

,YU Jing 3,DI Hui⁃hui 4,LUO Shi⁃jia 1,2,ZHOU Da⁃zhai 1,XIAO Qiang 1,2

(1.Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;2.College of Forest and Horticulture,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;3.State Key Laboratory of Geological Hazard Prevention and Geological Environment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;4.Enshi Tobacco

Company of Hubei Province,Enshi 445000,China)

Abstract :Ion chromatography,fluorescence spectroscopy,UV⁃visible absorption spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to study the composition and evolution characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM)and heavy metal extracted from chicken manure during composting,and the influence of organic matter evolution on the bioavailability of these heavy metals was further investigated.The result showed that,a large number of organic acids were generated during the active stage,and their concentrations

were in the range of 2097.55⁃2155.61mg ·L -1,39.24⁃51.58mg

·L -1,12.52⁃12.90mg ·L -1and 1.68⁃2.31mg ·L -1,respectively.During the curing stage,protein⁃like matter was degraded,whereas humic⁃like substances were formed,which increased the humification degree,condensation degree and stability of DOM.The content (1.069⁃7.106mg ·L -1)of dissolved iron ranked first during composting,that of dissolved Al,As,Cr,Cu and Mn (0.1⁃1.008mg ·L -1)ranked second,and the concentration of dissolved lead was the lowest.Concentrations of all heavy metals decreased during composting except aluminum.Furthermore,the result from correlation analysis showed that these dissolved heavy metals were bound with DOM,and their bioavailability was low.It could be concluded that,the bioavailability of the heavy metals in chicken manures became lower through the decrease of dissolved heavy metals and the binding between dissolved heavy metals and humic⁃like substances.

Key words :chicken manure;composting;organic matter;heavy metals;bioavailability

堆肥是畜禽粪便常用的一种处理方式,在堆肥过程中,一部分有机物在微生物作用下降解成二氧化碳、水及氨等物质,导致堆体减容减重;另一部分有机物在微生物的作用下转化为富里酸、胡敏酸及胡敏素类等腐殖质物质,增强了堆肥的稳定度[1~3].堆肥过程中,大部分有机物只有在溶于水

后才能被微生物利用,因此,水溶性有机物(DOM)是研究堆肥物质转化的重要介质,它比固相有机质

更能灵敏反映堆肥过程物质演化特征[4~6].此外,

堆肥DOM 中含有的有机酸和腐殖酸类物质,能够吸附和络合重金属,引起后者存在形态和生物有效

网络出版时间：2014-10-21 13:50

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