英语句子成分(精华)
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主+谓+间宾+直宾
4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ Oi(间接 宾)+ Od (直接宾) I give you help. 1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N I sent him a book. I bought May a book. 上述句型可以变为:S + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me.
句子成分
(Members of a Sentence)
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中, 词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的 关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句 子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有 六种:主语(subject)、谓语 (predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾 语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语 (adverbial)。
主+谓+间宾+直宾
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本 句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这 五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的 基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V (主+谓) 二: S V P (主+系+表) 三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
主+谓+宾+宾补
4) S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do I wish you to stay. I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有: a)不定式带to的词:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。
主+谓+宾+宾补
2) S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.
主+谓+宾+宾补
b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 6) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
主+谓+宾
4) S + Vt + doing I enjoy living here. 常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
(1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 (2) I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省 略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。 而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时, 就可以省略。如例(1)中,汉语说"小李回家 后立刻就睡觉了",省去了第二个分句的主语, 倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补 出来,说成"小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了"。听 的人反而可能把那个"他"误会成另一个人。
句子的扩展
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重 要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日 报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
主+谓+宾+宾补
5. S (主)+ Vt(谓)+ O(宾) + C(宾补) I make you clear.
1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
主+Leabharlann Baidu+间宾+直宾
• 2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。 • 3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do. 常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
句子的扩展
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通 常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语 (modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单 词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是 各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语 和分词短语)。 We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
主+谓+宾
• 3) S + VT + Wh-Word + to do I don't know what to do. 常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
主+系+表
• 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词) He is a boy. This is mine. • 2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词) She is beautiful. • 3) S + Lv + Adv (副词) Class is over.
主+系+表
• 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. • 5) S + Lv + Participle(分词) He is excited. The film is interesting.
主+谓+宾
• 5) S + Vt + That-从句 I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得), hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看 出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。
主+系+表
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表) We are Chinese. 除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系 动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化 的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3) 表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
主 +谓
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓) Time flies. 1) S + V + adverbial(状语) Birds sing beautifully. 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语) He went on holiday. 3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式) We stopped to have a rest. 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词) I'll go swimming.
主+谓+宾
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾) We like English. 1) S + Vt + N/Pron I like music. I like her. Would you like something to drink?
主+谓+宾
• 2) S + Vt + to do (不定式) I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
主+谓+宾+宾补
• 5) S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle (分词) I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。