关于ASP和脚本语言技巧 外文翻译
15种asp使用技巧(中文版)
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15种asp使用技巧(中文版)技巧1:给应用层文件使用GLOBAL.ASA技巧2:从产品源代码中移去HTML注释技巧3:多个Response.write声明技巧4:使用<OBJECT>标志例示对象技巧5:尽可能的使用本地(局部)变量技巧6:避免多维数组技巧7:避免公用(全局)变量技巧8:使用文字路径技巧9:使用"Dictionary"对象技巧10:充分利用浏览器的回退功能技巧11:避免使用服务器端变量技巧12:使用"option explicit"技巧13:将采集到的值拷贝到本地(局部)变量当中技巧14:谨慎使用session对象技巧15:做性能测试*技巧1:给应用层文件使用GLOBAL.ASA将文件载入GLOBAL.ASA中的一个应用层数组中,而不是通过使用ASP文件系统对象在页面上读取文件。
GLOBAL.ASA可用于指定事件脚本,也可用于声明拥有session或应用程序范围的对象。
它不直接显示给用户,而是存储应用层事件的信息和对象。
然后通过页面就可以指向存有数据的应用层数组。
这就意味着每有一个服务器端请求就读一次文件,不是每个用户每页读一次。
你可以运行一个独立的ASP文件去刷新应用层数组的内容,同时你也可以考虑使用dictionary对象(见技巧9)。
这个技巧可以大大加快你的系统速度。
那么将如何实现该技巧呢?如果你是一个脚本编写人员,必须使用文件系统对象读取文件放入一个数组或一个dictionary对象中。
然后在GLOBAL.ASA中读取文件并且把数组(放有你读取的文件内容)或dictionary对象放到应用层声明中。
这样就可让用户在数组或dictionary对象中存取信息,而不必每次通过一个ASP请求去提交信息。
但也许你会想“如果缓存中的内容需要更新又该怎么办呢?我敢打赌不会用到。
”其实不然。
如果缓存中的内容需要更新,你可以调用一个包含有可执行应用程序锁定命令脚本的仅管理员可存取的ASP文件,在数组或dictionary对象中更新缓存信息,最后执行应用程序锁定命令。
asp名词解释
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asp名词解释ASP(Active Server Pages),又称为动态网页,是一种基于服务器端的网页技术,用于动态生成网页内容。
ASP可以让网站在用户请求页面时,动态地生成网页内容并发送给用户,使网站能够根据用户需求和数据变化实时更新网页内容。
ASP是一种脚本语言,它使用VBScript或JScript来编写脚本代码,通过与服务器交互,生成可响应用户请求的HTML网页。
ASP的工作原理是通过在服务器上安装ASP引擎,将ASP页面中的脚本代码解释和执行,然后将生成的HTML页面发送给请求页面的浏览器,浏览器再将页面显示给用户。
ASP脚本代码可以嵌入在HTML页面中,使用尖括号(<% 和 %>)将其包围起来。
脚本代码可以执行各种操作,如查询数据库、处理用户输入、生成动态内容等。
ASP的特点是灵活、可扩展和易于维护。
由于ASP使用脚本语言编写,使得开发人员可以方便地修改和调试程序,从而实现灵活的网页内容生成。
ASP还支持与其他技术的集成,如数据库、XML、COM组件等,使得开发人员能够轻松地获取和处理数据,实现更复杂的功能。
与静态网页相比,ASP生成的网页内容可以根据用户的请求和数据的变化进行实时更新,使得网站具有更强的交互性和动态性。
此外,ASP还提供了丰富的内置对象和方法,用于处理用户请求、操作数据库、验证用户输入等,方便了开发人员的工作。
ASP在Web开发中的应用非常广泛。
它可以用于创建各种类型的网站,如电子商务网站、社交媒体网站、论坛、博客等。
ASP的应用范围也涵盖了企业内部的应用开发,如办公系统、人力资源管理系统、客户关系管理系统等。
另外,ASP还可以与其他技术和平台集成,如、PHP、Java等,实现更复杂的应用。
总之,ASP是一种服务器端的网页技术,通过动态生成网页内容,实现了网页的实时更新和动态交互。
它具有灵活、可扩展和易于维护的特点,广泛应用于网站开发和企业应用开发中。
ASP相关外文翻译
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原文:The first. Origin of ASPThe research to ASP mode and ASP enterprise's origin can proceed with two respects , one to in terms of business and technology , is it carry on research to come from ASP developing history that business commit; Another one is studies the origins of ASP enterprises and evolution course at present in terms of organization's development.Whether stand up synthetically above-mentioned developing stage, to put it briefly, present ASP history and development path of provider can simple to describe as:The first, developed from the past ISP, rounded the infrastructure and communication function, cooperate with software manufacturer, increase the business scope, develop into the present IDC (the data centre of Internet);The second,the past ISV (independent software provider ) and V AR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulation way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now, through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP;The third ,IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large-scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet , depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacity of system integration trader.The second. The developing history and classification of ASPSeen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And untilfrom the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause people's extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet age. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present.The third. The development foundation of ASP modeASP as one brand-new concept, proposition and it takes shape to be just time for more than half a year of it, but in U.S.A. and other fast-developing countries of IT industry, ASP is becoming a kind of new developing business mode of leading e-commerce in the future, main maturity based on following IT technology of precondition that ASP produces and develops: Popularization of Internet: Internet deepens people's life progressively , a large number of solutions based on Web are emerging constantly, all these make long-range application scheme based on host computer become possible; The bandwidth is increasing and dropping with the price constantly constantly: Communication performance and bandwidth expenses reduced continuously increased, make the application program at the host computer able to visit through Internet and tight client; Whether client / server can use by sharing under the environment. The remote access in ASP concept , users have already been accustomed to under the enviroment of client / the server, this make remote access and is it is it become acceptable first business mode to use to share; The browser becomes figure interface application program accepting extensively: The wide application and development of the technology of the browser have gathered enough technology and human resources for the calculation based on the calculation of Web and thin client, and good user' s foundation; Potentiality of e-commerce solution: Advanced e-commerce solution, has shared a lot of thorny business and technological question together with concept of ASP, such as systematic security and dependability. So, the enormous motive force of e-commerce is promoting the advancing of ASP.THE forth. China ASP market's overviewIn 2000, the total sales amount of China ASP market was 33 million dollars, accounted for 0.3% of global total sales amount. IDC is expected, the annual average rate of increase of the large China district ASP market will be 64% from 2000 to 2004, by 2004, the capacity of the large China district ASP market will reach 243 million dollars. China ASP market began to sprout when the beginning of 2000, remains the market for an unripe initial stage now, it show as the market store medium and small-scale specializing in using and serving Company that comes up to a large number in, it is mainly those traditional independent software developers , system integration trader and .com Company. But company these possess heavy competitiveness too at ability and Company scale that itself provide service.Internet of our country develops after going through fanatically, begins to tend towards reason and norm this year. It is exactly while summarizing and adjusting website's industry's development path now, we need to think and know Internet's own characteristic and advantage again for this. Its characteristics, such as high-efficient, simple and direct, individualized, resource-sharing, crossing over space-time and relatively cheap cost, etc., it is the motive power that it must use high-speed development. At the present, those companies specializing in offering service of using still face the challenge. First of all, in among being IT trade, is it is it serve these kind of mode far accept by masses even to use to sell, because most traditional trades have not realized yet that ASP way can bring the interests to them; Secondly, how to sell the application program in a kind of way which is similar to the whole solution, it is all important problems that ASP manufacturers face how to make pricing system; Finally, how be through offer application program service and traditional software sell mode participate in the competition, it is a question that China ASP should be pondered deeply too. And at present, the operation principles of most websites are remote from above-mentioned advantage and characteristic in Internet, the trains of thought of operation of websites seem that still stays in management mode and management theory in old era. But at the same time, the current situation of the Chinese market is that the competition is being aggravated constantly amongenterprises, e-commerce is developed rapidly and ten millions of small and medium enterprises all generally lack the fund and well-trained job IT personnel, these reasons will promote the development in China of this kind of mode of ASP too. The scale of website of this kind of mode is like large-scale enterprises or large-scale company too, we can say although the sparrow is small, the five internal organs are available. A key job of believing that in the near future , the content will be made and the customer service will become websites. Even make the respect in the content, needn't make personnel totally regular and centralized either. The most emerging technology has already made us able to finish the organization, exchange of the webpage, format and transplanting in the twinkling of an eye on Internet directly, the huge administration in website's company and personnel management organization will have passed out of existence; With the progress of the society, human life will be closely linked with Internet , website company is it invest a large amount of manpower and huge fund is it cover the sky and the earth , promote get households of propaganda of type to go on to need; And Chinese enterprise choose factor that ASP consider especially at the manufacturer concentrate on data security guarantee , professional IT quality respect of personnel too. Meanwhile, because such new service form confidence insufficient to ASP, reliance of degree one quite general phenomenon too to ASP manufacturer prestige. Rank choice factor after the factor these include the price , implement speed and expansibility of application program ,etc. also. But we are looking forward to, ASP service business that will be developed soon, will offer sectional system integration of the module service for website's construction. It can make individual set up homepage with perfect function need to set foot in any technological development even. So website operation can get rid of huge technological development and maintain organization from then on, this is the developing direction of ASP and trend of the market in the future. If we call it as making the undertaking totally all living key of websites to the future, that will not exaggerate at all. IDC thinks that in two years in the future, ASP market of China will move to maturity progressively, certainly will eliminate a batch of commercial modes in the unclear or company that one's own ability is worse too, by 2003, China ASP market will demonstrate the trendof steady growth. And in coordination with the applied software market, vertical trade ASP market, SCM applied software market, CRM applied software market will be that China's development will be very fast in the following two years, field of having more commercial opportunities.译文:1.ASP的起源对于ASP模式和ASP企业起源的研究,我们可以从两个方面入手,第一个是从技术和业务的角度分析,主要是从ASP业务构成的发展历史来进行研究;另一个是从ASP企业起源的组织机构发展的角度分析,从而来研究目前ASP企业的由来、发展和演化的一个过程。
ASP的名词解释
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ASP的名词解释ASP(Active Server Pages)是一种用于动态构建和交互网页的技术。
它是一种服务器端脚本语言,常用于开发Web应用程序,尤其是在动态内容处理方面。
本文将对ASP的名词进行解释,介绍ASP的相关概念和功能。
1. ASPASP指的是Active Server Pages,它是一种基于服务器端脚本的技术。
与传统的静态网页不同,ASP网页可以根据用户请求动态生成内容。
其基本原理是将ASP代码嵌入到HTML页面中,当访问ASP页面时,服务器会对ASP代码进行解析和执行,最后将生成的HTML代码发送给用户的浏览器。
2. IISIIS(Internet Information Services)是微软开发的Web服务器软件,用于托管和管理ASP网页。
IIS提供了对ASP的全面支持,能够解析和执行ASP代码。
它还提供了一套功能强大的管理工具,用于配置和维护Web服务器。
3. ASP对象模型ASP对象模型是ASP技术的一个重要概念。
它定义了一系列对象和属性,用于实现ASP页面的功能。
常用的ASP对象包括Request对象、Response对象、Server对象等。
这些对象可以通过ASP代码进行操作,实现与用户交互、数据处理、文件操作等功能。
4. ASP脚本语言ASP脚本语言指的是在ASP页面中使用的脚本语言。
ASP最初采用VBScript作为默认的脚本语言,后来也逐渐支持JScript等其他脚本语言。
脚本语言用于编写ASP页面中的逻辑代码,与HTML代码相互嵌入,实现动态内容的生成和处理。
5. 数据库连接ASP可以方便地与数据库进行连接和操作。
通过使用数据库连接对象和查询语言,ASP可以从数据库中读取数据,并将其展示在网页上。
常用的数据库连接方式包括ADO(ActiveX Data Objects)和ODBC(Open Database Connectivity)等。
6. Session和CookieASP提供了Session和Cookie这两个机制,用于实现用户状态的存储和传递。
外文翻译ASP简介
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附件1:外文资料翻译译文ASP简介服务器端的方案设计曾经相当的困难。
如果想要通过CGI书写代码就必须要求掌握一些编程语言,例如Perl或是C语言,然后导入,这样的工作效率是非常低的。
之后有人改进了CGI技术,一种新的运用于服务器端的程序产生了。
如果你的源程序是用Perl等解释程序编写的,服务器程序就需要运行一个Perl的解释程序,这样会占据处理器许多的时间和内存空间。
这种情况如果在那些每天采集一千多数据的站点后果是十分严重的。
同样,你也不可能给程序划分出一个完美的分界面,就象VB、VC++、或者其他一些程序。
你可以通过观察它们的运行时所产生的错误,去检验该程序的运行代码。
这是一种对于枯燥乏味的寻找语法错误的很有趣的实践体验,然而,在此之前必须通过学习认识到在生命中有更好的事情需要做,例如阅读WiredNew.微软努力尝试去通过他们所开发的ASP技术去改变以上的那些情况。
ASP技术是由服务器产生的页面去指导其他程序执行一些操作,例如access databases(按日计工资存取),提供不同页面给不同的基础浏览器,现在我们已经很少使用以前的服务器程序CGI,ASP就如同是一个高效率的提供给服务器直接运行编码的解释程序,并且ASP的工作效率要比CGI高的多,因为ASP主要运行于服务性工作,并且使用多线程体系结构保持优势。
这里是来自Microsoft site的一段解释:“ASP是一个公开的、编译快捷的应用程序环境,在这里你可以结合HTML、源程序、并且可以再度使用ActiveX服务构造来创建动态的,强有力的基于Web的商业解决方案。
ASP能够提供服务器端程序通过自带的IIS,并且支持VBScript和Jscript两种脚本语言。
”听起来很棒,是吗?但是,要紧记的是ASP并不是治疗癌症的完美的药方。
的确,他可以治愈你的烦恼如果你是一个拥有老资质的微软开发者,舒适的伫立在垄断地位。
IMNSHO,ASP的提出以致于世界上所有的VB程序将再次被需要。
ASP NET 概述中英文对照外文翻译文献
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中英文资料对照外文翻译 概述 是一个统一的 Web 开发模型,它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。
作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。
当您编写 应用程序的代码时,可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。
您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码,这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、C#、JScript .NET 和 J#。
使用这些语言,可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 应用程序。
包括:∙页和控件框架∙ 编译器∙安全基础结构∙状态管理功能∙应用程序配置∙运行状况监视和性能功能∙调试支持∙XML Web services 框架∙可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理∙可扩展的设计器环境 页和控件框架是一种编程框架,它在 Web 服务器上运行,可以动态地生成和呈现 网页。
可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 网页, 会向请求浏览器呈现标记(例如 HTML)。
通常,您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页,因为 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。
但是,您可以针对诸如 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 的特定浏览器设计 网页,并利用该浏览器的功能。
支持基于 Web 的设备(如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理 (PDA))的移动控件。
网页是完全面向对象的。
在 网页中,可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。
页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型,从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。
该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。
使用 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。
控件只需编写一次,即可用于许多页并集成到 网页中。
ASP程序设计基础第3章 ASP脚本语言——VBScript
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变量的作用域与生命周期 变量的作用域指程序中哪些代码能引用这些 变量,它由声明它的位置决定。 在过程内部声明变量,则只有该过程中的代 码可以访问或修改变量值,此时变量具有局 部作用域并被称为过程级变量。如果在过程 之外声明变量,则该变量可以被脚本中所有 过程所访问,称为脚本级变量。
数据类型与变量—常数
嵌套条件控制语句
If 条件表达式1 Then [语句体1] [Else If条件表达式2 Then [语句体2]] … [Else [语句体n]] End If
多分支结构
Select Case 测试表达式 [Case 表达式1 [语句体1]] [Case 表达式2 [语句体2]] … [Case Else [语句体n]] End Select
描 述 False,两个表达式的值均为真,结 果才为真,否则为假。 True,两个表达式中只要有一个值 为真,结果就为真。 False,由真变假或由假变真,即取 “反”
Xor
Equ
逻辑异或
逻辑等价
2 > 1 Xor 3 > 2
2 > 1 Equ 3 > 2
False,两个表达式的值均为真或假, 整个表达式为假,否则为真。
Lcase(sring)
Len(string)
Left(string,length)
Mid(string,start,length Right(string,length) StrComp(string1,string2)
从string字符串的最左边取得length长度的字符串后返回
从string字符串中start开始处取得length长度的字符串后返回 从string字符串的最右边取得length长度的字符串后返回 返回string和string2的比较结果,返回0,表示两者相等,英文字 母大小写视为不同
asp.net外文文献+翻译
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技术1.构建 页面 和结构 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类,满足各种编程需要。
在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 页面中使用语言。
.NET类库假想你是微软。
假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如Visual Basic 、C# 和C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。
举例来说,对于每一种语言,你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。
此外,这些语言包含相似的编程构造。
每种语言,举例来说,都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。
即使用Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。
最后,大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。
以大多数的语言,你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。
举例来说,整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类,但是基本的数据类型是相同的。
对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。
为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次,然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。
.NET类库不完全是那样。
它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。
举例来说,.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作,操作文本和生成图像。
除此之外,它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。
.NET framework,此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类,比如:字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。
最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 页面的类。
然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。
理解命名空间正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。
它包含数以千计的类(超过3,400) 。
幸运地,类不是简单的堆在一起。
.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。
asp介绍 外文翻译
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毕业论文外文翻译ASP from A to ZNancy Winnick ClutsDeveloper Technology EngineerMicrosoft CorporationOctober 22, 1998ContentsIntroductionWhat ASP IsHow ASP WorksASP from A to ZBibliographyIntroductionThere's lots of helpful information about Active Server Pages (ASP) available on this site and other sites. If you have plenty of time to search for the information, you can find answers to most of your questions. But if you want to find out what tools you can use to debug ASP or how to handle errors, you need to do some digging. This article provides an easy way to find information that pertains to ASP, including a short definition of what ASP is, how ASP works, and an alphabetical list of terms and tips that relate to ASP. In the A-to-Z list, you will see a brief description as well as pertinent links to more detailed information (when that information is available). This article is meant to be a "living" document. That means that I plan on updating it with new tips and removing tips that no longer apply. If you are an ASP developer and have a "juicy" tip, send it to me. If I publish it here, you'll get credit and the everlasting gratitude of throngs of other ASP developers.What ASP IsActive Server Pages is a programming environment that provides the ability to combine HTML, scripting, and components to create powerful Internet applications that run on your server. If you are already creating Web sites that combine HTML, scripting, and some reusable components, you can use ASP to glue these items together. You can create an HTML interface for your application by adding script commands to your HTML pages and you can encapsulate your business logic into reusable components. These components can be called from script or other components.How ASP WorksWhen you incorporate ASP into your Web site, here's what happens:1.The user brings up a Web site (like MSDN Library) where the default page has the extension .asp.2.The browser requests the ASP file from the Web server.3.The server-side script begins to run with ASP.4.ASP processes the requested file sequentially (top-down), executes any script commands contained in thefile, and produces an HTML Web page.5.The Web page is sent to the browser.Because your script runs on the server, the Web server does all of the processing and standard HTML pages can be generated and sent to the browser. This means that your Web pages are limited only by what your Web server supports. Another benefit of having your script reside on the server is that the user cannot "view source" on the original script and code. Instead, the user sees only the generated HTML as well as non-HTML content, such as XML, on the pages that are being viewed.ASP from A to ZThis section contains a list of terms and tips to help you understand ASP. They are listed in alphabetical order. Scroll down to the topic that interests you or click the letter in the alphabet below to jump down to the section containing the topic. I cribbed, er, I mean, compiled these tips and definitions from a number of sources, including technical articles (listed in the bibliography below), Knowledge Base articles, and a beta version of the Microsoft® Internet Information Server (IIS) 5.0 documentation (I'm so lucky!).A B C D E F G I J L M O P Q R S T V W X ADOActive Data Objects (ADO) provides a programming model for an OLE-DB data source. It is the database model that ASP uses; however, ASP can use other database access mechanisms. ADO supports the following installable objects, which are often used in ASP files: Command, Connection, Recordset, Field, and Error. Refer to the ADO Web site at /data/ado/ for more information than you can shake a stick at.ApplicationsASP is not just for prototyping. When using ASP as a solution, design your solution as an application instead of designing stand-alone ASP pages. As far as objects are concerned, it's best to take a look at what you need to accomplish and decide what you need, then whether you can buy the objects or will need to create the objects yourself. Take into consideration caching, scalability, reusability, security, and consistency.BottlenecksIdentify your bottlenecks (that is, the database, network card, or network connection) using the tools available: WCAT, NetMon, and performance counters. To improve server performance, take a look at all parts of the system for potential bottlenecks, including hardware configuration and software settings. This way, if you are ever asked to scale the project larger, you will know where the work needs to be done.Browser ConnectionIn IIS 4.0, use the Response.IsClientConnected property to determine if the browser is still connected. If the browser is not connected, you can conserve CPU cycles by ceasing the processing of the ASP page. Refer to the Knowledge Base article Use IsClientConnected to Check if Browser is Connected.BufferingTurn buffering ON. By default it is OFF in IIS 4.0; in IIS 5.0, buffering is ON by default. You should buffer your ASP files so that you can abort sending a Web page. This might happen if the script being processed runs into a problem or if a user does not have appropriate security credentials. If this happens, and if you are using IIS 5.0, you can transfer the user to another page using Server.Transfer, or clear the buffer (using the Clear method of the Response object) to send different content to the user.C++If you are creating page-level components, you can use server scriptlets, Visual Basic®, V isual J++™, and VisualC++®. If you are writing components that will be in application or session state, we recommend that you write them in C++ or Java so you can create them as both-threaded. Visual Basic is apartment-threaded. See the section below on threading for more details.CachingIf your application sends pages to the client via a proxy server, the proxy server may cache pages to return them more quickly to the client. This reduces the load on the network and the Web server. To prevent a browser from caching ASP pages, set Response.Expires to some negative number. This will force the cached pages to expire immediately. If you set Response.Expires to 0, and if your browser clock is behind by a few minutes, the page won't expire immediately. If your Web site contains objects that do not expire often, such as images, set the expiration to some time in the future. This will greatly increase the speed at which a page is refreshed or downloaded. Proxy caching via pragma:nocache is already done for you by IIS, so you don't have to set this in your headers. More information about caching can be found in Got Any Cache?Client-Side ScriptsDistribute the work on your Web site by providing script on both the client and the server. See Client-Side and Server-Side Objects.COM Object DebuggingIf you create a COM object and use it through ASP with Server.CreateObject, you cannot go back into your development environment and recompile the COM DLL without restarting the IIS Admin and W3SVC (Web server) service. Otherwise, the COM DLL will be locked. To restart these services, do the following:1.At a command prompt, type net stop iisadmin /y. Please note that this will shut down IIS' parent service,IIS Admin. This will also shut down FTP and other services that are children of IIS Admin. If you type only net stop w3svc, inetinfo.exe will not be unloaded.2.At a command prompt, type net start w3svc. This will restart IIS Admin and the W3SVC service (Webserver).3.You may recompile at any point after Step 1. Once you refer to an object that loads your DLL, you must repeatStep 1 before building the component successfully.ComponentsUse components to encapsulate the business logic in your ASP applications. You can create your own components or buy them "off the shelf." Once you have a component, you can reuse it wherever you need it. Develop your components using C++ or Java. Because Visual Basic is not marked as both-threaded, you cannot use Visual Basic components within application scope. If you design your own components, be sure to design components that are stateless (that is, the methods you define take parameters, rather than having a script set properties then call the method without the parameters).Stateless components are far more flexible and reusable. In addition, if you have areas in your script where you have more than 100 lines of contiguous script, consider turning that script into a server scriptlet. More information about creating components can be found in the Active Server Components section of the Server area of the MSDN Library.A comprehensive list of third-party components available for ASP can be found in the ASP Component Catalog. ConnectionsPool your connections for optimal performance. By pooling your connections, your resources are allocated more efficiently. For support of multiple logons, provide one connection for read-only access and one connection forread/write access. In general, avoid putting ADO connections in session state. ODBC (version 3.0 and later) automatically does connection pooling for you, and OLE-DB provides session pooling.Cookie MungerASP uses cookies to store the session identifier (ASP SessionID). For machines that have cookies turned off, the Cookie Munger tool can be used to strip out cookies and put the information in a URL. This enables the use of "cookies" without actually sending out cookies. For more information, see Simulating Cookies with the Cookie Munger.CPUDesign for scalability. Stress your ASP applications at 100% CPU to determine how to best allocate your resources. Use WCAT or a third-party tool such as Mercury's LoadRunner to tune your performance.Data Access ComponentsRead Improving the Performance of Data Access Components in IIS 4.0 for a detailed explanation of the techniques that you can use to improve performance.DatabaseUse ADO for adding database access to your Web pages via components. ADO can be used to create small components that connect to any OLE-DB compliant data source, whether it's relational or non-relational. This includes spreadsheets, databases, or e-mail directories.DebuggingThere are many tools available for debugging, including the Microsoft Script Debugger. The Script Debugger lets you run your server-side scripts one line at a time, monitor the value of variables, properties, or array elements during execution, and trace procedures.Important:Once you have finished debugging your Web site, don't forget to turn off debuggingon your live servers. This will increase performance.Dictionary ObjectThe Dictionary object enables you to look up and store arbitrary key-data pairs rapidly. The Dictionary object gives you access to items in the array by key, so it is faster to find things that aren't stored contiguously in memory. Instead, you use a key rather than having to know where in the array the object is stored.Disconnected RecordsetsDisconnecting a Recordset means you can view the Recordset's data after severing the connection to the data store that generated the Recordset. You can create a disconnected ADO Recordset in-process with a Recordset whose CursorLocation property is adUseClient and whose ActiveConnection property is set to NULL/Nothing. You can then put the Recordset into ASP application state and use the Recordset Clone method to share and access the Recordset in your ASP files. You can then pass this Recordset to a remote client using either RDS or DCOM (or both together). Read the Knowledge Base articles HOWTO: Getting ADO Disconnected Recordsets in VBA/C++/Java and INFO: Disconnected Recordsets with ADO or RDS for detailed information.Error HandlingYou can use the ASPError object to obtain information about an IIS 5.0 error condition that has occurred in an ASP file. The ASPError object is returned by the Server.GetLastError method. If the error condition generates an exception and you are using VBScript, use OnErr. In JScript™, use the try…catch method. Detailed information about error handling can be found in the article Microsoft JScript Version 5.0 Adds Exception Handling, by Michael Edwards.Flow ControlFlow control is the ability to set the flow of your ASP application. Flow is controlled through Response methods and two new Server methods (for IIS 5.0). Using Response.Redirect causes posted data to be lost. The Response.End method causes ASP to stop when an error is found. You do not need to call this method after callingResponse.Redirect. The Server.Transfer method is the same as Response.Redirect, except that the work is done on the server and posted data is not lost. The Server.Execute method will flow into a nested ASP call and return execution to where you were before the error occurred.FileSystem ObjectThe FileSystem object blocks on files. If you are running a high-volume Web site, don't use the FileSystem object because the performance of accessing a single file will degrade. If you are using multiple files that are not being accessed at the same time, use of the FileSystem object will not result in a performance hit.Global.asaThe Global.asa file is an optional file in which you can specify event procedures and declare objects that have session or application scope. It is not a content file displayed to the users; it stores event information and objects used globally by the application. This file must be named Global.asa and must be stored in the root directory of the application. An application can have only one Global.asa file. Instead of using the ASP FileSystem object to read files on a page, load the file(s) into an Application level array in Global.asa.GlueUse ASP for the glue and components for the business logic. If you have 100 or more lines of consecutive script, turn it into a component using server scriptlets (bearing in mind that server scriptlets have the same limitations as Visual Basic components).InetLoadThe InetLoad tool can be used to tune your Web site. This tool generates customizable loads on various Internet services, over a broad range of Internet protocols, including HTTP, SMTP, POP3, and LDAP. You can use this tool to simulate traffic on your Web site. InetLoad is available at /software/internet/IN00470.htm. See also WCATW and Mercury LoadRunner for tuning tools.InternationalizationIf you are providing a Web site that will be viewed in countries other than the United States, you can use the CODEPAGE tag within the <% %> delimiters to specify the proper code page. Alternatively, you can use the Session.CodePage property. Read all about it at /library/en-us/dnasp/html/nextgen.asp. In addition to CODEPAGE, you can also use the Local Language Identifier (LCID) to determine the language that the user has set as her preference. Detailed information about LCID can be found in the IMultiLanguage Reference.IsolationYou can separate IIS, ASP, and components into different processes for better performance. The drawback to putting these in different processes is the cross-process communication performance hit. You can put IIS, ASP, and your components in one process. This is the fastest method, but if your component goes down, it can bring down ASP and IIS. You can put IIS in one process and ASP with your components in another so that IIS will not crash if your component or ASP crashes. You can put IIS and ASP in one process and your component in another process. This is slower than the previous option due to all of the cross-process communication; however, it does insulate IIS and ASP from a buggy component. The slowest but "safest" option is to put IIS, ASP, and your components all in separate processes. If one crashes, nothing else will, but the performance will be very, very slow. It's a better idea to test your components really well.Component Configuration Protection SpeedIIS, ASP, and components in one process 1 4IIS in one process, ASP and components in another process 2 3IIS and ASP in one process, components in another process 3 2IIS in one process, ASP in one process, components in one process 4 1Legend: 1 = Least, 4 = MostJavaUse Java (or C++) to write components. Java is a powerful language that you can use to create components that are both-threaded.LoggingYou can turn on URI_Query extended logging to log ASP failures. This is not turned on by default. Turning it on is tricky, so here are the steps:1.Select a Web or FTP site and open its property sheets.2.Enable logging if it is disabled and select the W3C Extended log file format.3.Click Properties.4.On the Extended Properties property sheet, select the fields you want to log (in this instance, URI_Query).By default, Time, Client IP Address, Method, URI Stem, and HTTP Status are enabled.5.Click Apply.You can also log to the Windows NT® Server Event Log; however, logging to the Windows NT Server Event Log is not a good idea if you've got lots of errors or are in debugging mode because you can fill up the log quickly. Using the Windows NT Performance Monitor, you can log a variety of error conditions, including how many ASP requests have failed and how many errors occurred during the script run-time.MailUse Collaboration Data Objects (CDO) to send mail for Windows NT Server. CDO is a lightweight version of CDO for Exchange. It works on SMTP or Exchange. If you are using another e-mail protocol, use a third-party component. A comprehensive list is at /workshop/server/components/catalog.asp.<OBJECT> tagIf you need to refer to objects that may not be used, instantiate them by using the <OBJECT> tag rather than using Server.CreateObject. Using Server.CreateObject causes the object to be created immediately. If you don't use that object later, you end up wasting resources.译文内容介绍什么是ASPASP怎样工作图书目录介绍ASP有很多有用的信息被用在这个网站或者其它网站。
ASP和net技术及数据库管理外文原文+中文翻译
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服务器上运行。将程序在服务器端首次运行时进行编译,比 ASP 即时解释程序速 度上要快很多.而且是可以用任何与 . net 兼容的语言(包括 Visual Basic . net、 C# 和 JScript . net.)创作应用程序。另外,任何 ASP. net 应用程序都可以使用 整个 . net Framework。开发人员可以方便地获得这些技术的优点,其中包括托管 的 公 共 语 言 运 行 库 环 境 、 类 型 安 全 、 继 承 等 等 。 ASP. net 可 以 无 缝 地 与 WYSIWYG HTML 编辑器和其他编程工具(包括 Microsoft Visual Studio . net) 一起工作。这不仅使得 Web 开发更加方便,而且还能提供这些工具必须提供的 所有优点, 包括开发人员可以用来将服务器控件拖放到 Web 页的 GUI 和完全集 成的调试支持。 当创建 ASP. net 应用程序时,开发人员可以使用 Web 窗体或 XML Web services,或以他们认为合适的任何方式进行组合。每个功能都能得到 同一结构的支持,使您能够使用身份验证方案,缓存经常使用的数据,或者对应 用程序的配置进行自定义. 如果你从来没有开发过网站程序,那么这不适合你,你 应该至少掌握一些 HTML 语言和简单的 Web 开发术语(不过我相信如果有兴趣的 话是可以很快的掌握的)。你不需要先前的 ASP 开发经验(当然有经验更好) ,但 是你必须了解交互式 Web 程序开发的概念, 包含窗体, 脚本, 和数据接口的概念, 如果你具备了这些条件的话,那么你就可以在 的世界开始展翅高飞了。 不仅仅是 Active Server Page (ASP) 的下一个版本,而且是一种建立 在通用语言上的程序构架,能被用于一台 Web 服务器来建立强大的 Web 应用程 序。 提供许多比现在的 Web 开发模式强大的优势。 ASP. net 运行的架构分为几个阶段: 在 IIS 与 Web 服务器中的消息流动阶段。 在 ASP. net 网页中的消息分 派。 在 ASP. net 网页中的消息处理。 ASP. net 的原始设计构想,就是要让开发人员能够像 VB 开发工具那样,可 以使用事件驱动式程序开发模式 (Event-Driven Programming Model) 的方法来 开发网页与应用程序,若要以 ASP 技术来做到这件事的话,用必须要使用大量的 辅助信息,像是查询字符串或是窗体字段数据来识别与判断对象的来源、事件流 向以及调用的函数等等,需要撰写的代码量相当的多,但 ASP. net 很巧妙利用窗 体字段和 JavaScript 脚本把事件的传递模型隐藏起来了。 在 ASP. net 运行的时候, 经常会有网页的来回动作 (round-trip), 在 ASP. net 中称为 PostBack,在传统的 ASP 技术上,判断网页的来回是需要由开发人员自 行撰写,到了 ASP. net 时,开发人员可以用 Page.IsPostBack 机能来判断是否 为第一次运行 (当 发现 HTTP POST 要求的数据是空值时), 它可以保 证 ASP. net 的控件事件只会运行一次,但是它有个缺点(基于 HTTP POST 本 身的缺陷) ,就是若用户使用浏览器的刷新功能 (按 F5 或刷新的按钮) 刷新网页 时,最后一次运行的事件会再被运行一次,若要避免这个状况,必须要强迫浏览 器清空高速缓存才可以。
英文翻译ASP
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动态服务器页面(ASP)ASP是Active Server Page的缩写,意为“动态服务器页面”。
ASP是微软公司开发的代替CGI脚本程序的一种应用,它可以与数据库和其它程序进行交互,是一种简单、方便的编程工具。
ASP的网页文件的格式是。
asp,现在常用于各种动态网站中。
另外阿斯匹林、天门冬氨酸、阿里软件销售合作伙伴、美国武装系统暨程序公司等的缩写也都为ASP。
ASP的发展史从1996年ASP诞生到现在已经过去了15年。
在这短短的15年中,ASP发生了重大的变化,直到现在的ASP。
asp的第一版是0.9测试版,自从1996年ASP1.0诞生,它给Web开发界带来了福音。
早期的Web程序开发是十分繁琐的,以至于要制作一个简单的动态页面需要编写大量的C代码才能完成,这对于普通的程序员来说有点太难了。
而ASP却允许使用VBScript这种的简单脚本语言,编写嵌入在HTML网页中的代码。
在进行程序设计的时候可以使用它的内部组件来实现一些高级功能(例如Cookie)。
它的最大的贡献在于它的ADO(ActiveX Data Object),这个组件使得程序对数据库的操作十分简单,所以进行动态网页设计也变成一件轻松的事情。
因此一夜之间,Web程序设计不再是想像中的艰巨任务,仿佛很多人都可以一显身手。
到了1998年,微软发布了ASP 2.0。
它是Windows NT4 Option Pack的一部分,作为IIS 4.0的外接式附件。
它与ASP 1.0的主要区别在于它的外部组件是可以初始化的,这样,在ASP程序内部的所有组件都有了独立的内存空间,并可以进行事务处理。
到了2000年,随着Windows 2000的成功发布,这个操作系统的IIS 5.0所附带的ASP 3.0也开始流行。
与ASP 2.0相比,ASP 3.0的优势在于它使用了COM+,因而其效率会比它前面的版本要好,并且更稳定。
2001年,ASP出现了。
探究ASP.NET MVC 毕业论文 外文翻译中英文对照
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MVC In-Depth: The Life of an MVC RequestThe purpose of this blog entry is to describe, in painful detail, each step in the life of an MVC request from birth to death. I want to understand everything that happens when you type a URL in a browser and hit the enter key when requesting a page from an MVC website. Why do I care? There are two reasons. First, one of the promises of MVC is that it will be a very extensible framework. For example, you’ll be able to plug in different view engines to control how your website content is rendered. You also will be able to manipulate how controllers get generated and assigned to particular requests. I want to walk through the steps involved in an MVC page request because I want to discover any and all of these extensibility points. Second, I’m interested in Test-Driven Development. In order to write unit tests for controllers, I need to understand all of the controller dependencies. When writing my tests, I need to mockce rtain objects using a mocking framework such as Typemock Isolator or Rhino Mocks. If I don’t understand the page request lifecycle, I won’t be able to effectively mock it.Two WarningsBut first, two warnings.Here's the first warning: I’m writing this blo g entry a week after the MVC Preview 2 was publicly released. The MVC framework is still very much in Beta. Therefore, anything that I describe in this blog entry might be outdated and, therefore, wrong in a couple of months. So, if you are reading this blog entry after May 2008, don’t believe everything you read. Second, this blog entry is not meant as an overview of MVC. I describe the lifecycle of an MVC request in excruciating and difficult to read detail. Okay, you have been warned.Overview of the Lifecycle StepsThere are five main steps that happen when you make a request from an MVC website: 1. Step 1 – The RouteTable is CreatedThis first step happens only once when an application first starts. The RouteTable maps URLs to handlers.2. Step 2 – The UrlRoutingModule Intercepts the RequestThis second step happens whenever you make a request. The UrlRoutingModule intercepts every request and creates and executes the right handler.3. Step 3 – The MvcHandler ExecutesThe MvcHandler creates a controller, passes the controller a ControllerContext, and executes the controller.4. Step 4 – The Controller ExecutesThe controller determines which controller method to execute, builds a list of parameters, and executes the method.5. Step 5 – The RenderView Method is CalledTypically, a controller method calls RenderView() to render content back to the browser. The Controller.RenderView() method delegates its work to a particular ViewEngine.Let’s examine each of th ese steps in detail.Step 1 : The RouteTable is CreatedWhen you request a page from a normal application, there is a page on disk that corresponds to each page request. For example, if you request a page named SomePage.aspx thenthere better be a page named SomePage.aspx sitting on your web server. If not, you receive an error.Technically, an page represents a class. And, not just any class. An page is a handler. In other words, an page implements the IHttpHandler interface and has a ProcessRequest() method that gets called when you request the page. The ProcessRequest() method is responsible for generating the content that gets sent back to the browser.So, the way that a normal application works is simple and intuitive. You request a page, the page request corresponds to a page on disk, the page executes its ProcessRequest() method and content gets sent back to the browser.An MVC application does not work like this. When you request a page from an MVC application, there is no page on disk that corresponds to the request. Instead, the request is routed to a special class called a controller. The controller is responsible for generating the content that gets sent back to the browser.When you write a normal application, you build a bunch of pages. There is always a one-to-one mapping between URLs and pages. Corresponding to each page request, there better be a page.When you build an MVC application, in contrast, you build a bunch of controllers. The advantage of using controllers is that you can have a many-to-one mapping between URLs and pages. For example, all of the following URLs can be mapped to the same controller:The single controller mapped to these URLs can display product information for the right product by extracting the product Id from the URL. The controller approach is more flexible than the classic approach. The controller approach also results in more readable and intuitive URLs.So, how does a particular page request get routed to a particular controller? An MVC application has something called a Route Table. The Route Table maps particular URLs to particular controllers.An application has one and only one Route Table. This Route Table is setup in the Global.asax file. Listing 1 contains the default Global.asax file that you get when you create a new MVC Web Application project by using Visual Studio.An application’s Route Table is represented by the static RouteTable.Routes property. This property represents a collection of Route objects. In the Global.asax file in Listing 1, two Route objects are added to the Route Table when the application first starts (The Application_Start() method is called only once when the very first page is requested from a website).A Route object is responsible for mapping URLs to handlers. In Listing 1, two Route objects are created. Both Route objects map URLs to the MvcRouteHandler. The first Route maps any URL that follows the pattern {controller}/{action}/{id} to the MvcRouteHandler. The second Route maps the particular URL Default.aspx to the MvcRouteHandler.By the way, this new routing infrastructure can be used independently of an MVC application. The Global.asax file maps URLs to the MvcRouteHandler. However, you have the option of routing URLs to a different type of handler. The routing infrastructure described in this section is contained in a distinct assembly named System.Web.Routing.dll. You can use the routing without using the MVC.Step 2 : The UrlRoutingModule Intercepts the RequestWhenever you make a request against an MVC application, the request is interceptedby the UrlRoutingModule HTTP Module. An HTTP Module is a special type of class that participates in each and every page request. For example, classic includes a FormsAuthenticationModule HTTP Module that is used to implement page access security using Forms Authentication.When the UrlRoutingModule intercepts a request, the first thing the module does is to wrap up the current HttpContext in an HttpContextWrapper2 object. The HttpContextWrapper2 class, unlike the normal HttpContext class, derives from the HttpContextBase class. Creating a wrapper for HttpContext makes it easier to mock the class when you are using a Mock Object Framework such as Typemock Isolator or Rhino Mocks.Next, the module passes the wrapped HttpContext to the RouteTable that was setup in the previous step. The HttpContext includes the URL, form parameters, query string parameters, and cookies associated with the current request. If a match can be made between the current request and one of the Route objects in the Route Table, then a RouteData object is returned.If the UrlRoutingModule successfully retrieves a RouteData object then the module next creates a RouteContext object that represents the current HttpContext and RouteData. The module then instantiates a new HttpHandler based on the RouteTable and passes the RouteContext to the new handler’s constructor.In the case of an MVC application, the handler returned from the RouteTable will always be an MvcHandler (The MvcRouteHandler returns an MvcHandler). Whenever the UrlRoutingModule can match the current request against a Route in the Route Table, an MvcHandler is instantiated with the current RouteContext.The last step that the module performs is setting the MvcHandler as the current HTTP Handler.An application calls the ProcessRequest() method automatically on the current HTTP Handler which leads us to the next step.Step 3 : The MvcHandler ExecutesIn the previous step, an MvcHandler that represents a particular RouteContext was set as the current HTTP Handler. An application always fires off a certain series of events including Start, BeginRequest, PostResolveRequestCache, PostMapRequestHandler, PreRequestHandlerExecute, and EndRequest events (there are a lot of application events – for a complete list, lookup the HttpApplication class in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Documentation).Everything described in the previous section happens during the PostResolveRequestCache and PostMapRequestHandler events. The ProcessRequest() method is called on the current HTTP Handler right after the PreRequestHandlerExecute event.When ProcessRequest() is called on the MvcHandler object created in the previous section, a new controller is created. The controller is created from a ControllerFactory. This is an extensibility point since you can create your own ControllerFactory. The default ControllerFactory is named, appropriately enough, DefaultControllerFactory.The RequestContext and the name of the controller are passed to theControllerFactory.CreateController() method to get a particular controller. Next, a ControllerContext object is constructed from the RequestContext and the controller. Finally, the Execute() method is called on the controller class. The ControllerContext is passed to the Execute() method when the Execute() method is called.Step 4 : The Controller ExecutesThe Execute() method starts by creating the TempData object (called the Flash object in the Ruby on Rails world). The TempData can be used to store temporary data that must be used with the very next request (TempData is like Session State with no long-term memory).Next, the Execute() method builds a list of parameters from the request. These parameters, extracted from the request parameters, will act as method parameters. The parameters will be passed to whatever controller method gets executed.The Execute() method finds a method of the controller to execute by using reflection on the controller class (.NET reflection and not navel gazing reflection). The controller class is something that you wrote. So the Execute() method finds one of the methods that you wrote for your controller class and executes it. The Execute() method will not execute any controller methods that are decorated with the NonAction attribute.At this point in the lifecycle, we’ve entered your application code.Step 5 : The RenderView Method is CalledNormally, your controller methods end with a call to either the RenderView() or RedirectToAction() method. The RenderView() method is responsible for rendering a view (a page) to the browser.When you call a controller’s RenderView() method, the call is delegated to the current ViewEngine’s RenderView() method. The ViewEngine is another extensibility point. The default ViewEngine is the WebFormViewEngine. However, you can use another ViewEngine such as the NHaml ViewEngine.The WebFormViewEngine.RenderView() method uses a class named the ViewLocator class to find the view. Next, it uses a BuildManager to create an instance of a ViewPage class from its path. Next, if the page has a master page, the location of the master page is set (again, using the ViewLocator class). If the page has ViewData, the ViewData is set. Finally, the RenderView() method is called on the ViewPage.The ViewPage class derives from the base System.Web.UI.Page class. This is the same class that is used for pages in classic . The final action that RenderView() method performs is to call ProcessRequest() on the page class. Calling ProcessRequest() generates content from the view in the same way that content is generated from a normal page.Extensibility PointsThe MVC lifecycle was designed to include a number of extensibility points. These are points where you can customize the behavior of the framework by plugging in a custom class or overriding an existing class. Here’s a summary of these extensibility points:1. Route objects – When you build the Route Table, you call the RouteCollection.Add() method to add new Route objects. The Add() method accepts a RouteBase object. You can implement your own Route objects that inherit from the base RouteBase class.2. MvcRouteHandler – When building an MVC application, you map URLs to MvcRouteHandler objects. However, you can map a URL to any class that implements the IRouteHandler interface. The constructor for the Route class accepts any object that implements the IRouteHandler interface.3. MvcRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler() – The GetHttpHandler() method of the MvcRouteHandler class is a virtual method. By default, an MvcRouteHandler returns an MvcHandler. If you prefer, you can return a different handler by overriding the GetHttpHandler() method.4. ControllerFactory – You can assign a custom class by calling theSystem.Web.MVC.ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory() method to create a custom controller factory. The controller factory is responsible for returning controllers for a given controller name and RequestContext.5. Controller – You can implement a custom controller by implementing the IController interface. This interface has a single method: Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext).6. ViewEngine – You can assign a custom ViewEngine to a controller. You assign a ViewEngine to a controller by assigning a ViewEngine to the public Controller.ViewEngine property. A ViewEngine must implement the IViewEngine interface which has a single method: RenderView(ViewContext viewContext).7. ViewLocator – The ViewLocator maps view names to the actual view files. You can assign a custom ViewLocator to the default WebFormViewEngine.ViewLocator property.If you can think of any other extensibility points that I overlooked, please add a comment to this blog post and I will update this entry.SummaryThe goal of this blog entry was to describe the entire life of an MVC request from birth to death. I examined the five steps involved in processing an MVC request: Creating the RouteTable, Intercepting the request with the UrlRoutingModule, Generating a Controller, Executing an Action, and Rendering a View. Finally, I talked about the points at which the MVC Framework can be extended.探究 MVC: MVC请求的生命周期本书详细描述了 MVC请求从开始到结束的整个过程,当你在浏览器上输入URL地址并且在网站请求页面敲击回车时,这个过程就产生了。
Asp net技术 毕业论文外文翻译
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技术的前身ASP技术,是在IIS 2.0上首次推出(Windows NT 3.51),当时与 ADO 1.0 一起推出,在IIS 3.0 (Windows NT 4.0)发扬光大,成为服务器端应用程序的热门开发工具,微软还特别为它量身打造了Visual 标识InterDev开发工具,在1994年到2000年之间,ASP技术已经成为微软推展Windows NT 4.0平台的关键技术之一,数以万计的ASP网站也是这个时候开始如雨后春笋般的出现在网络上。
它的简单以及高度可定制化的能力,也是它能迅速崛起的原因之一。
不过ASP的缺点也逐渐的浮现出来:意大利面型的程序开发方法,让维护的难度提高很多,尤其是大型的ASP应用程序。
直译式的VBScript或JScript语言,让效能有些许的受限。
延展性因为其基础架构扩充性不足而受限,虽然有COM元件可用,但开发一些特殊功能(像文件上传)时,没有来自内置的支持,需要寻求第三方软件商开发的元件。
1997年时,微软开始针对ASP的缺点(尤其是意大利面型的程序开发方法)准备开始一个新项目来开发,当时的主要领导人Scott Guthrie刚从杜克大学毕业,他和IIS团队的Mark Anders经理一起合作两个月,开发出了下一代ASP 技术的原型,这个原型在1997年的圣诞节时被发展出来,并给予一个名称:XSP,这个原型产品使用的是Java语言。
不过它马上就被纳入当时还在开发中的CLR平台,Scott Guthrie事后也认为将这个技术移植到当时的CLR平台,确实有很大的风险(huge risk),但当时的XSP团队却是以CLR开发应用的第一个团队。
为了将XSP移植到CLR中,XSP团队将XSP的内核程序全部以C#语言重新撰写,并且改名为ASP+,作为ASP技术的后继者,并且也会提供一个简单的移转方法给ASP开发人员。
ASP+首次的Beta版本以及应用在PDC 2000中亮相,由Bill Gates 主讲Keynote(即关键技术的概览),由富士通公司展示使用COBOL语言撰写ASP+应用程序,并且宣布它可以使用Visual 、C#、Perl与Python语言(后两者由ActiveState公司开发的互通工具支持)来开发。
ASP脚本语言的19个基本技巧使用
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ASP脚本语言的19个基本技巧使用ASP(英文全称Active Server Pages)是一个编程环境,在其中,可以混合使用HTML、脚本语言以及组件来创建服务器端功能强大的Internet应用程序。
如果您以前创建过一个站点,其中混合了HTML、脚本语言以及组件,您就可以在其中加入ASP程序代码。
并且,还可以通过使用组件包含一些商业逻辑规则。
组件可以被脚本程序调用,也可以由其他的组件调用。
下面列举了十九个ASP脚本语言的个基本技巧使用:1. 显示当前时间以下是引用片段:<%=now%>each item request.From("input"))repomse.write item &"<br>"next%>显示星期:<%=weekdayname(weekday(date))%>2.ASP取得表格(from)数据输入的方法使用一个内置的对象(object)—Requect,它以get,post而异。
3.若要自己用VB或其它语言编写.dll文件供ASP使用需将DLL文件注册方可:DOS下输入regsbr32 *.dll。
4.for..循环以下是引用片段:<% for i=1 to 5 %><font size=<% =i %> color=#00ffff>快速ASP</font><br><% next %>5.传送字符串到用户端response.write string以下是引用片段:如:<% response.write "Welcome" %>6.链接到指定的URL地址response.redirect url以下是引用片段:如:<% response.redirect "homepage.asp">*但是如果此.ASP的文件内容已经传送到用户断,则再用redirect时会发生错误。
ASP NET 技术中英文对照外文翻译文献
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中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料对照外文翻译 Technique1. Building Pages and the .NET Framework is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your pages.The .NET Framework Class LibraryImagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your pages.Understanding NamespacesAs you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.ASP Classic NoteIn previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). , in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:System.IO.FileSystem.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class.NOTEYou can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework.Standard NamespacesThe classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your applications:System— Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.System.Collections— Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.System.Collections.Specialized— Contains classes that represent specializedcollections such as linked lists and string collections.System.Configuration— Contains classes for working with configuration files(Web.config files).System.Text— Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.System.Text.RegularExpressions— Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations.System.Web— Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.System.Web.Caching— Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.System.Web.Security— Contains classes for implementing authentication andauthorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.System.Web.SessionState— Contains classes for implementing session state.System.Web.UI— Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of pages.System.Web.UI.HTMLControls— Contains the classes for the HTML controls.System.Web.UI.WebControls— Contains the classes for the Web controls..NET Framework-Compatible LanguagesFor purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create pages by using any language that supports the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, , and the Managed Extensions to C++.NOTEThe CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write pages using COBOL.Regardless of the language that you use to develop your pages, you need to understand that pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that pages can execute very quickly.The first time you request an page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary Files. For each and every page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary Files directory. Whenever you request the same page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.When an page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.An page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.ASP CLASSIC NOTEWhat about VBScript? Before , VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages. does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.NOTEMicrosoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) withthe .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the classes in the Temporary Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.This tool also works with all the controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).Introducing Controls controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with controls.The best way to understand how controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.Adding Application Logic to an PageThe second building block of an page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.2. Building Forms with Web Server ControlsBuilding Smart FormsYou use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.Controlling Page NavigationIn the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.Applying Formatting to ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.3. Performing Form Validation with Validation ControlsUsing Client-side ValidationTraditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required formfield, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator ControlYou use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList. Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator ControlYou can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.Comparing Values: The CompareValidator ControlThe CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary ControlImagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want.4. Advanced Control ProgrammingWorking with View StateBy default, almost all controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.Displaying and Hiding ContentImagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.Using the Visible and Enabled PropertiesEvery control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for eitherpre-rendering or rendering.Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.Disabling View StateIn certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.Using Rich ControlsIn the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads.5 ConclusionThe advantages of using Struts to realize the website construction: It adopts JSPmarked mechanism to get the reusing codes and abstract codes. This method contributed to improve the reusability and flexibility of codes. When the technology space or the problem space varied, users have much more chances to reuse codes. Using open source, everybody in the user’s ro om could check up codes. Struts make the designers and developers pay their attention to their own favorite aspects. Adopting separately control ideology to manage the problem space. The websites based on this pattern had perfectly robustness. The layer structures were clear. As to huge scale of system, Struts conducted to manage complicated system. The disadvantages of using Struts to realize the website construction: The applicable scope of Struts is limited. Struts are MVC solution based on web. So it must be achieved by HTML, JSP document and Servlet and use J2EE application program to support Struts. Struts need to support JSP1.1 and Servlet 2.2 standard Servlet container. Of course, isolating the problem scope, but strengthening the complicacy, so one must accept some training before they adopt Struts development.References1. Selfa, D.M., Carrillo, M., Del Rocío Boone, M.: A database and web application based onMVC architecture. In: International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers, pp. 48–49 (2006)2. Lin, Y.-L., Hu, J.-P.: Design and implementation of the internet service platform for rural house building technique criteria and management based on .NET MVC. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 1727–1731 (2011)3. Wang, L.-H., Xi, M., Li, D.-X.: A network-friendly architecture for Multi-view VideoCoding (MVC). Advanced Materials Research, 678–681 (2010)4. Li, J.-M., Ma, G.-S., Feng, G., Ma, Y.-Q.: Research on Web Application of Struts Framework Based on MVC Pattern. In: Shen, H.T., Li, J., Li, M., Ni, J., Wang, W. (eds.) APWeb Workshops 2006. LNCS, vol. 3842, pp. 1029–1032. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) 技术摘要:页面的构建,验证以及编程。
ASP 3.0 高级编程-中英文对照文献
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1.外文资料翻译译文ASP 3.0 高级编程万维网( World Wide Web,WWW )起源于设在瑞士的CERN实验室。
Tim Berners-Lee及其开发小组,花费大量的时间,研究建立了一种以一定格式传输信息的方法,这就是众所周知的超文本传输协议(简称为HTTP)。
该协议使用了超文本标记语言 (HTML)。
HTML设计简单,结构灵活,允许在Web浏览器及其他兼容的应用程序中显示文本及图像。
文档的某些部分可以成为超链接,即当其被选择时,可以显示不同的页面或同一页面的不同部分。
标记语言是由特定字符分隔的基本元素,指定基本元素中所包含的文本或其他条目如何显示。
例如<EM>This is some Emphasized text</EM>。
HTML是一种广泛基于标准通用标记语言(Standard Generalized Makeup Language,SGML)的标记语言。
SGM L是描述语言的一种方法,其本身并不是用来创建网页的语言。
HTML语言从简单开始,不断增加一些附加的功能,直至形成了今天所用的HTML 4.0版本。
这些新增的特性提供了更灵活的文本字体风格 (例如< FONT >元素),以及对输出页面布局的更多控制(如窗体和帧的使用)。
早期的网页所缺乏的是动态的内容。
刚一开始时,这还不是一个问题,因为 HTML的开发是为了在计算机、网络及操作系统之间显示和传送信息 (特别是技术和科学信息)。
这种标准化的文档仅是一种简单的文本和标记,其中的图像和其他非文本的内容以单独文件形式存放,它们可以在各种网络上自由传送。
另外,由于信息的格式是固定的,其组成元素的含义也是在HTM L中定义好的。
对于一个“阅读器”或浏览器应用程序,用任何程序语言在任何平台或操作系统中相对来说是比较容易实现的。
只要建立这些信息网页,文本文件和图像可通过 Web服务器应用程序传送给用户,Web服务器应用程序简单地从磁盘中读取它们并且把输出转换成能够在网络中传送的正确 HTTP协议。
关于ASP的英文文献及其翻译
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ASP OverviewIIS 6.0You can use Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) to create dynamic and interactive Web pages. An ASP page is a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page that contains script commands that are processed by the Web server before being sent to the client's browser. This explains how the term "server-side script" originated.HTML Compared to ASPHTML is the simplest language for writing Web pages, but it allows you to create only static Web pages. When a Web client requests a static HTML file from a Web server, the Web server sends the HTML file directly to the client without any computation being done. The client's browser then processes the HTML code in the file and displays the content.The following illustration shows the transmission of a static file where the displayed date will never change.VBScript is the simplest language for writing ASP pages. All the code samples in the Creating ASP Pages section are written in VBScript except for samples that are duplicated in JScript for comparison. When a Web client requests an ASP file from a Web server, the Web server sends the ASP file through its ASP engine, where all the server-side script code is executed or converted into HTML code. The converted code is then sent to the Web client.The following illustration shows the transmission of dynamically generated content where the displayed date reflects the date at the time of the request.If you are an HTML author, you will find that server-side scripts written in ASP are an easy way to begin creating more complex, real-world Web applications. If you have ever wanted to store HTML form information in a database, personalize Web sites according to visitor preferences, or use different HTML features based on the browser, you will find that ASP provides a compelling solution. For example, previously, to process user input on the Web server you would have had to learn a language such as Perl or C to build a conventional Common Gateway Interface (CGI) application. With ASP, however, you can collect HTML form information and pass it to a database using simple server-side scripts embedded directly in your HTML documents. If you are already familiar with scripting languages such as VBScript or JScript (JScript is the Microsoft implementation of the ECMA 262 language specification), you will have little trouble learning ASP.ASP ProcessingAn ASP page is requested the same way that an HTML page is requested. A request can optionally contain a querystring after a question mark (?), using the following syntax:Copyhttp://Server_name/MyASPFile.asp?var1=12&var2=BrownWhen the server receives a request for an ASP file, it processes server-side script code contained in the file to build the HTML Web page that is sent to the browser. In addition to server-side script code, ASP files can contain HTML (including related client-side scripts) as well as calls to COM components that perform a variety of tasks, such as connecting to a database or processing business logic.IIS processes an ASP file in the following order when a request is received from a client:1.If an ISAPI filter is installed on the Web site, the ISAPI filters is processed first. This is truefor all applications.2.If the ASP application contains a Global.asa file in the root directory, the Global.asa isprocessed. Global.asa files specify event scripts and declare objects that have session orapplication scope. They donot display content; instead they stores event information andobjects used globally by the ASP application.3.In the requested ASP file, IIS separates the script blocks from the static HTML code blocks,reserving the static code in the response body.4.IIS processes the script blocks. The script blocks might include transaction processing,database access calls, or calls to COM components in which case COM+ handles some ofthe processing.5.After the ASP page script blocks are processed, their output is injected into the responsebody with the static HTML code.6.The response is sent to the client.Caution:ASP and COM ComponentsWith ASP, you can combine HTML pages, script commands, and COM components to create interactive Web pages or powerful Web-based applications, which are easy to develop and modify.COM components dramatically extend the power of ASP. COM components are pieces of compiled code that can be called from ASP pages. COM components are secure, compact, and reusable objects that are compiled as DLLs. They can be written in Visual C++, Visual Basic, or other languages that support COM.翻译你可以使用微软动态服务器页面(ASP)创建动态的、交互的网页。
aspnet外文翻译--常见的ASPNET代码技术
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外文翻译译文:常见的代码技术:技巧,教程,代码——Scott Mitchell利用集合大多数现代编程语言提供支持某种类型的对象,可以容纳一个可变数目的元素。
这些对象被称为集合,他们可以轻易地添加和删除元素,而不必担心适当的内存分配。
如果你使用经典ASP编程之前,你就可能已经熟悉了脚本,字典对象,采集对象的每个元素包含一个参考文本的关键。
这种方式存储对象的集合被称为一个哈希表。
有许多类型的集合,除了哈希表。
每一种类型的集合是相似的目的:它作为一种手段来存储不同数量的元素,提供一种简单的方法,在最小程度上添加和删除元素。
每一个不同类型的集合是唯一的方法储存、检索并借鉴它的各种因素,而.NET框架提供了很多的集合类型为开发人员使用。
事实上,整个的命名空间系统集合是专门从事集合类型和辅助课程。
这些类型的集合都可以存储对象类型的元素。
因为在.NET中所有的原始数据类型的字符串,整数,日期/时间,阵列,都是从目标类派生的,这些集合可以从字面上存储任何东西。
例如,你可以使用一个单一的收集,存储一个整数,一个典型的COM组件,字符串,日期/时间,和自定义编写的.NET组件的两个实例,一个实例的组合。
大多数的例子在本节中使用集合来容纳原始数据类型(字符串,整数,双打)。
然而,集合表明集合类型存储为它的每个元素的整个集合。
在本节中,我们将研究5个集合的.NET框架为开发人员提供数组列表,哈希表,可排序列表,队列,堆栈。
当你学习这些集合时,就会意识到他们有许多相似之处。
例如,每一个类型的集合可以通过元素与元素的迭代使用每个在VB中的下一个循环(或在C#中的每一个循环)。
每个集合类型都有一定数量的同样的函数名执行同样的任务。
例如,每个集合类型都有一个明确的方法,从集合中移除所有元素集和属性来返回集合中的元素的数量。
事实上,过去的”相似性的集合类型”的共同特点就是来考察所发现的集合类型。
使用数组列表第一种收集我们要看的是数组列表。
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本科毕业论文外文翻译附录A 英文原文The Active Server Pages( ASP) is a server to carry the script plait writes the environment, using it can create to set up with circulate the development, alternant Web server application procedure. Using the ASP cans combine the page of HTML, script order to create to set up the alternant the page of Web with the module of ActiveX with the mighty and applied procedure in function that according to Web. The applied procedure in ASP develops very easily with modify.The HTML plait writes the personnel if you are a simple method that a HTML plait writes the personnel, you will discover the script of ASP providing to create to have diplomatic relation with each other page. If you once want that collect the data from the form of HTML, or use the name personalization HTML document of the customer, or according to the different characteristic in different usage of the browser, you will discover ASP providing an outstanding solution. Before, to think that collect the data from the form of HTML, have to study a plait distance language to create to set up a CGI application procedure. Now, you only some simple instruction into arrive in your HTML document, can collect from the form the data combine proceeding analysis. You need not study the complete plait distance language again or edit and translate the procedure to create to have diplomatic relation alone with each other page.Along with control to use the ASP continuously with the phonetic technique in script, you can create to set up the more complicated script. For the ASP, you can then conveniently usage ActiveX module to carry out the complicated mission, link the database for example with saving with inspectional information.If you have controlled a script language, such as VBScript, JavaScript or PERL, and you have understood the method that use the ASP.As long as installed to match the standard cowgirl in the script of ActiveX script engine, can use in the page of ASP an any a script language. Does the ASP take the Microsoft? Visual Basic? Scripting Edition ( VBScript) with Microsoft? Script? Of script engine, like this you can start the editor script immediately. PERL, REXX with Python ActiveX script engine canfrom the third square develops the personnel acquires. The Web develops the personnel if you have controlled a plait distance language, such as Visual Basic, you will discover the ASP creates a very vivid method that set up the Web application procedure quickly. Pass to face to increase in the HTML the script order any, you can create the HTML that set up the applied procedure connects. Pass to create to set up own the module of ActiveX, can will apply the business in the procedure logic seal to pack and can adjust from the script, other module or from the other procedure the mold piece that use.The usage ASP proceeds the calculating Web can convert into the visible benefits, it can make the supplier of Web provide the alternant business application but not only is to announce the contents. For example, the travel agency can compare the announcement aviation schedule makes out more; Using the script of ASP can let the customer inspect the current service, comparison expenses and prepare to book seats.Include too can lower in the Windows NT Option Microsoft in the pack Transaction Server ( MTS) on the server complexity of constructing the procedure with expenses. The MTS can resolve to develop those confidentialities strong, can ratings of and the dependable Web applies the complexity problem of the procedure. Active Server Pages modelThe browser requests from the server of Web. Hour of asp document, the script of ASP starts circulating. Then the server of Web adjusts to use the ASP, the ASP reads completely the document of the claim, carry out all scripts order any, combining to deliver the page of Web to browser.Because script is on the server but is not at the customer to carry the movement, deliver the page of Web on the browser is on the Web server born. Combining to deliver the standard HTML to browser. Because only the result that there is script returns the browser, so the server carries the not easy replication in script. The customer cans not see to create to set up them at script order that the page that view.We introduce the Basic form of the database language known as SQL, a language that allows us to query and manipulate data on computerized relational database systems. SQL has been the lingua franca for RDBMS since the early 1980s, and it isof fundamental importance for many of the concepts presented in this text. The SQL language is currently in transition from the relational form (the ANSI SQL –92 standard) to a newer object-relational form (ANSI SQL -99, which was released in 1999). SQL-99 should be thought of as extending SQL-92, not changing any of the earlier valid language. Usually, the basic SQL we define matches most closely the ANSI SQL standards basic subsets, called Entry SQL -92 and core SQL-99 that are commonly implemented; our touchstone in defining basic SQL is to provide a syntax that is fully available on most of the major RDBMS products[7].We begin with an overview of SQL capabilities, and then we explain something about the multiple SQL standards and dialects and how we will deal with these in our presentation.We will learn how to pose comparable queries in SQL, using a form known as the Select statement. As we will see, the SQL select statement offers more flexibility in a number of ways than relational algebra for posing queries. However, there is no fundamental improvement in power, nothing that could not be achieved in relational algebra , given a few well-considered extensions. For this reason, experience with relational algebra gives us a good idea of what can be accomplished in SQL. At the same time, SQL and relational algebra have quite different conceptual models in a number of respects, and the insight drawn from familiarity with the relational algebra approach may enhance your understanding of SQL capabilities.The most important new feature you will encounter with SQL is the ability to pose queries interactively in a computerized environment. The SQL select statement is more complicated and difficult to master than the relatively simple relational algebra, but you should never feel list or uncertain as long as you have access to computer facilities where a few experiments can clear up uncertainties about SQL use. The interactive SQL environment discussed in the current chapter allows you to type a query on a monitor screen and get an immediate answer. Such interactive queries are sometimes called ad box queries. This term refers to the fact that an SQL select statement is meant to be composed all at once in a few type written lines and not be dependent on any prior interaction in a user session. The feature of not being dependent on prior interaction is also down as non-procedurality. SQL differs in thisway even from relational algebra, where a prior alias statement might be needed in order to represent a product of a table with itself. The difference between SQL and procedural languages such as java or c is profound: you do not need to write a program to try out an SQL query, you just have to type the relatively short, self-contained text of the query and submit it .Of course, an SQL query can be rather complex . A limited part of this full form, know as a sub-query, is defined recursively, and the full select statement form has one added clause. You should not feel intimidated by the complexity of the select statement, however. The fact that a select statement is non-procedural means that it has a lot in common with a menu driven application, where a user is expected to fill in some set of choices from a menu and then press the enter key to execute the menu choices all at once. The various clauses of the select statement correspond to menu choices: you will occasionally need all these clauses, but on not expect to use all of them every time you pose a query.Observed reliability depends on the context in which the system s used. As discussed already, the system environment cannot be specified in advance nor can the system designers place restrictions on that environment for operational systems. Different systems in an environment may react to problems in unpredictable ways, thus affecting the reliability of all of these systems. There for, even when the system has been integrated, it may be difficult to make accurate measurements of its reliability.Visual Basic Database Access prospectsWith the recent Web application software and the rapid development of the existing data stored in diverse forms, Visual Basic Database Access Solutions faces such as rapid extraction enterprises located in the internal and external business information with the multiple challenges. To this end Microsoft, a new database access strategy "unified data access" (UniversalDataAccess) strategy. "Unified data access" to provide high-performance access, including relational and non-relational data in a variety of sources, provide independent in the development of language development tools and the simple programming interface, these technologies makes enterprise integration of multiple data sources, better choice of development tools,application software, operating platforms, and will establish a maintenance easy solution possible.Form:Jilin normal university,07th issue in 2007 附录B 汉语翻译Active Server Pages(ASP)是服务器端脚本编写环境,使用它可以创建和运行动态、交互的Web 服务器应用程序。