visual navaids on aerodrome-lighting systems 机场目视助航-灯光系统
2023-2024学年河北省承德市高中高一下学期期末考试英语试题
2023-2024学年河北省承德市高中高一下学期期末考试英语试题Our broadcasting camp will open on August 1st. This unique opportunity is designed to attract participants to the world of broadcasting and media production.Camp DetailsDuration: 2 weeksCapacity: 50 participantsVenue: National Media Center, New York Training SchedulesOur camp will cover a wide range of topics, including storytelling, audio and video production techniques, live broadcast and studio operations, social media and digital broadcasting. Each day will be a blend (融合) of lectures, hands-on workshops, and interactive sessions with industry professionals.Benefits for ParticipantsGain practical skills in broadcasting and media production.Network with industry experts and fellow enthusiasts.Receive a certificate of completion recognized by leading media institutions.Opportunities to showcase talent through live broadcasts and digital platforms.Why Join Us?Our camp promises to be an enriching experience that not only equips you with the necessary skills but also opens doors to a career in the broadcasting industry. Whether you’re a student looking to explore your passion or a professional seeking to enhance your skills, our camp is the perfect platform for your growth.Don’t miss this chance to inspire your passion for broadcasting. Apply now and let your voice heard! For more information and to register, click here.1. What does the broadcasting camp feature?A．A very low price. B．Many relative topics.C．The process of production. D．The ways to know experts.2. How can you sign up for the broadcasting camp?A．By visiting a website. B．By registering on-site.C．By calling a teacher. D．By writing to the camp.3. What is the purpose of the text?A．To focus on broadcasting. B．To introduce social media.C．To promote the camp. D．To develop students’ hobbies.Some of the classrooms at Taft Elementary in Santa Clara, California, have one disadvantage in common: They don’t have windows. That’s true for Logan Earnest’s fifth grade classroom, and he felt it was affecting his students.“Most of the day, they’re inside,” Earnest told CBS News. “And they don’t really get to see any trees, grass, or the blue sky.” He said the gray walls could be depre ssing to the kids and may affect their attention and even their attendance.This was confirmed by former school psychologist Ernesto Rodriguez, who said the lack of windows does affect kids, because research shows being in and around nature eases anxiety and benefits students. Though no longer a practicing psychologist, perhaps he knows now more than ever the impact nature has on mental health. Rodriguez became a park ranger (公园管理员) on Southern California’s Catalina Island and began focusing on his passion—landscape photography.It was during his training to become a park ranger that he learned a fact that kids who have views out windows to trees do better academically, emotionally and creatively. So an idea to bring nature into rooms occurred to him: Why not bring landscapes in classrooms—via the ceiling (天花板), because teachers don’t typically use them.Rodriguez took 360 degree shots of tree canopies (树冠) using his photography skills, then he printed them and fit them onto the classroom ceiling of Earnest’s fifth grade. “Beautiful,”one student said as she entered the room. Another student said the trees brought him peace, “When you look up, it feels like you’re sitting under a tree.”Earnest said he thought there would be many positive effects on his students. “I think my attendance is going to go up. The kids are going to want to come here more frequently. Overall, I think the kids are going to be happier,” he said.4. What is the common challenge shared by some classrooms at Taft Elementary?A．Lack of fresh air. B．Absence of windows.C．Insufficient lighting. D．Limited access to technology.5. Why did Ernesto Rodriguez bring landscapes into classrooms?A．To connect the students with nature.B．To promote his photography skills.C．To improve the teac hers’ performance.D．To create an exciting environment for the students.6. How did the students react to Rodriguez’s pictures on the classroom ceiling?A．They did not notice the change.B．They failed to concentrate on lessons.C．They preferred the original gray ceiling.D．They were in favour of the new additions.7. What’s Logan Earnest’s attitude towards the change in the classroom?A．Cautious and objective. B．Appreciative and supportive.C．Concerned but doubtful. D．Curious but unsure.Elephan ts’ important role in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”.African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net carbon capture (捕获) capacity of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars.“As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes! . Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2.In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor.But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on.8. How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change?A．They increase the diversity of wildlife species.B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest.C．They take in heat-trapping CO 2 from the atmosphere.D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest.9. What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Consume. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather.10. What are the threats facing African forest elephants?A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss.B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem.C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change.D．Competition for water sources with other animals.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ ContributionB．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate HeroesC．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest ElephantsD．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of ExtinctionSpace engineers from the University of Glasgow have published new research showing how reflectors (反射器) placed in orbit around Earth could increase the output of future large-scale solar farms by reflecting additional sunlight toward them even after the sun has set.In their paper, the researchers described how they used advanced computer models to help determine the most effective method of using orbiting solar reflectors to produce additional power. Their models showed that putting 20 thin reflectors into orbit 1,000 kilometers from Earth could reflect sunlight to solar farms for an extra two hours each day on average. The additional sunlight could increase the output of the worl d’s future solar farms, particularly after sunset when electricity demand is high. The output could be scaled up further by adding more reflectors or increasing their size.The team developed an algorithm (算法) to determine how the reflectors could be arranged to catch the sun’s rays most effectively, maximizing the additional sunlight reflected to solar farms around Earth in the early morning and late evening. The researchers suggested that 20 reflectors could produce an extra 728 MWh of electricity per day — equal to adding an additional large solar power farm to Earth without the cost of construction.Dr. Onur Çelik, one author of the paper, said, “Solar power has the potential to speed our race to reach net-zero, helping us to relieve the global impacts of climate change by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.”Moreover, the price of solar panels (太阳能电池板) has dropped quickly in recent years, increasing the pace of their adoption and paving the way for the creation of large solar farms around the world.One of the major limitations of solar power, of course, is that it can only be generated during daylight hours. Putting orbiting solar reflectors in space would help to maximize the effectiveness of solar farms in the years to come. Strategically placing new solar farms in locations which receive the most additional sunlight from the reflectors could make them even more effective.12. What is the purpose of placing reflectors in space?A．To improve communication between Earth and space.B．To bring the effects of climate change under control.C．To produce electricity for agricultural use.D．To increase the production of solar power.13. What may contribute to the application of large-scale solar farms?A．The increased demand for electricity. B．The decrease in the cost of solar panels.C．The development of space technology. D．The requirement to preserve theenvironment.14. What can be inferred about the future of solar farms?A．They’ll replace fossil fuels completely.B．They’ll become the main source of e nergy.C．They’ll be more cost-effective and efficient.D．They’ll rely mainly on orbiting reflectors for sunlight.15. Where is the text most probably taken from?A．A news report. B．A maths website.C．A marketing brochure. D．A policy brief.Adapting to different cultures is an enriching journey that broadens our opinions and improves global understanding. Here are some steps to help you embrace (拥抱) cultural diversity.Admitting cultural differencesAcknowledge and accept that each culture has its own way of life. Admit that no culture is superior or inferior; they are simply different. 16 .Seeking cultural understandingYou should understand the fundamental aspects of the culture you come across. 17 . Engage in conversations with locals to gain insights into their daily lives and values. This approach will not only enrich your knowledge but also deepen your appreciation for the culture.Exploring local food Food is a window into a culture’s soul. Try the local cuisine to experience the diversity of fla vors and cooking styles. 18 , each bite can offer a connection to the culture’s heritage (遗产).Sharing your own cultureRemember, cultural adaptation is reciprocal (相应的). While you’re learning about others, you also have the chance to share stories and aspects of your own culture. 19 .In a word, adapting to different cultures is about embracing the diversity with an open heart and mind. 20 . By doing so, you can enrich your life with new viewpoints and experiences.Ten-year-old Hallee McCoombes was born with spina bifida (脊柱裂), which didn’t stop her becoming a star athlete.As Hallee approached the finish line of the 800-metre run for kids with a _________, the crowd was cheering wildly and calling her _________. With only ten metres to go, Hallee _________ with every strength, without feeling in her waist and knees but _________. When Hallee crossed the finish line and felt _________, her twin, Jada, he ld her up, whispering, “You came in third!”Hallee has set _________ Australian track-and-field records in events for athletes with her type of disability-long-distance running, long jump, discus and javelin. It’s an amazing achievement for someone who was n’t expected to _________. Born with spina bifida, Hallee underwent immediate _________ to repair her spinal cord. After recovery, she tried efforts to walk on her own and_________ upper leg muscle and core support.Her mother, Christine McCoombes, trembled (颤抖) when __________ Hallee’s diagnosis. “The doctors also told us they didn’t know what kind of brain __________ she would have with hydrocephalus (脑积水). We really didn’t know how much she would be able to function physically and __________,” the mothe r said.Every time Hallee’s parents watched their __________ daughter compete, their hearts burst with pride. “I __________ every time, especially when people started cheering for her,” admitted her dad, Gavin. “Hallee has gone against all __________ by becoming a runner despite her spinal condition.”21.A．goal B．hope C．basis D．disability22.A．parents B．twins C．name D．mission23.A．set off B．pushed forward C．broke up D．faded away24.A．fortune B．resource C．energy D．pain25.A．tired B．bored C．confused D．scared26.A．limited B．normal C．several D．flexible27.A．walk B．gather C．grow D．settle28.A．reflection B．option C．permission D．operation29.A．transmit B．maintain C．ignore D．select30.A．spotting B．enjoying C．remembering D．imagining31.A．form B．tension C．range D．function32.A．socially B．mentally C．financially D．environmentally 33.A．weak B．determined C．frightened D．intelligent34.A．cried B．rested C．hesitated D．regretted35.A．intentions B．proposals C．expectations D．arrangements阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
民航英语简答题
cause: deterioration of weather result in the decrease of available ATC capacity malfunction of communication military activities VIP flights Runway closure at the destination airport due emergency Diverted flights form adjacent aerodrome
6、 way of communication
radio, data link, CPDLC, SELCAL
7、 comparison between radio communication and CPDLC
CPDLC means controller pilot data link communication, it offer an alternative, unambiguous communication channel with no risk of misunderstanding, since crews and air traffic controllers can actually read the messages. CPDLC helps increase capacity by reducing voice frequency load.
Solution: In simpler systems, ACCs issue flow control to neighboring area control centers, and publish notices requesting that arriving aircraft are directed towards holding patterns. Holding aircraft would circle at certain holding area until it is their turn to land.
光损伤视网膜细胞的机制研究
国际眼科纵览2021 年 2 月第 45 卷第1期Int Rev Ophthalmol，Feb. 2021，Vol. 45，No. 1•57 •• *光损伤视网膜细胞的机制研究许泽华金子兵首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心北京市眼科研究所眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室通信作者：金子兵，E m a il:jin z b502@ c c m u.e d u.c n【摘要】人类通过阳光和人工光源的照明实现“看得见”的基本功能。
外界光穿过眼前部透明屈光介质后进人视网膜，通过视循环完成光电转化，将光信号转化为神经信号传递至大脑视觉中枢。
随着平均寿命的延长和人工光源的增加，光辐射对视网膜的损伤受到越来越多的关注，但其机制仍未完全阐明。
本文就视网膜光损伤机制的最新研究进展进行综述，讨论了光损伤视网膜感光细胞、色素上皮细胞以及胶质细胞后导致的活性氧增加、脂褐素累积、炎症激活等病理变化，以期为未来预防及延缓视网膜光损伤提供理论依据和基础。
（国际眼科纵览，2027, 45:57-60)【关键词】光损伤;视网膜;感光细胞;视网膜色素上皮;胶质细胞基金项目：“光健康”国家重点研发计划（2017YFB0403700)D0I：10. 3760/ cma. j. issn. 1673-5803. 2021. 01. 011Mechanisms of light damage to retinal cellsXu Zeh.ua，Jin ZibingBeijing Institute o f Ophthalmology，Beijing Tongren Eye Center，Beijing Tongren Hospital，Capital MedicalUniversity •，Beijing Key Laboratory o f Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences，Beijing 100005，ChinaCorresponding author：Jin Zibing^ Em ail：jinzb502@ccmu. edu. cn【A b stract】“Seeing” is the basic function of the human eye and the light is everywhere for the eyes.The light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina. After absorbing the photons, the outer segment ofthe photoreceptors completes the photoelectric transformation through the visual cycle, and transmitting theexternal visual information to the visual center in the brain. With the increased longevity and artificial lightsources, light radiation has an increasing impact on our retinal health, but the mechanisms are not yet clear.We reviewed the studies on light-induced damage in the retina and discussed the pathological changes suchas increased reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin accumulation, and inflammatory activation in the retina：photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and glial cells after light damage. Knowledge of mechanisms of light damage can improve our understanding of some disease processes that may be associated withlight damage, and aid in the development of new therapies. (Int Rev Ophthalmol，202J , 45: 57-60)【Key words】light damage; retina; photoreceptor; retinal pigment epithelium; glia cellFund program：National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFB0403700)DOI：10.3760/ cma. j. issn. 1673-5803.2021.01.011视网膜是眼球壁内层的半透明薄膜，由视网膜 色素上皮层和神经视网膜层构成。
机场规划和候机楼设计说明书
November 2018
(RGS WG/5)
12
Airport Master Planning Process Cont.
• Physical Planning
– Airspace and air traffic control provisions. – Airfield configuration (including approach zones). – Terminal complex. – Circulation, utility and communications networks. – Support and service facilities. – Ground access systems. – Over‐all land use patterns.
budgets. – Prepare and evaluation and decision format. – Establish coordination and monitoring procedures. – Establish data management and public
information system.
needs among aerodrome authority, businesses
5
and community.
November 2018
(RGS WG/5)
Changi Airport Master Plan
November 2018
(RGS WG/5)
Lesson 4 Visual Navigation Aids
2
Visual Navigation Aids
Aid to Navigation (nav aid) - Any device external to a vessel or aircraft intended to assist a navigator in determining position and safe course, or to warn of dangers or obstructions. –Aids to navigation must be positively identified to be of use: » Daytime: The location, shape, color scheme, auxiliary features and markings of a nav aid are used to identify its purpose.
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Visual Navigation Aids
Light Phase Characteristics: –Fixed (F.) - Shines with steady, unblinking intensity. –Flashing (Fl.) - Appears as a single flash at regular intervals; the duration of the light is always less than the duration of darkness. Flashing lights will not flash more than 30 times per minute.
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Байду номын сангаас
Visual Navigation Aids
选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration-2024-2025学年高考英语大一轮
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．merchant n．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队3．behold v t.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spice n．(调味)香料5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船11．underwater ad v.在水下adj.水下的12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱13．coral n．珊瑚14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居15．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录16．exploit v t.开发；利用；剥削17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升) 18．log v t.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木19．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．tale n．故事；叙述2．negotiate v t.商定；达成(协议) v i.谈判；磋商；协商3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdraw v t.& v i.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道7．bond n．纽带；关系v t.& v i.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．tax v t.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhile ad v.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止v t.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．extend v t.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客3．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员4．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix v t.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover v t.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖6．applaud v t.& v i.鼓掌v t.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩7．murder v t.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess v t.控制；具有；拥有10．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose v t.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的1．tiptoe /'t I ptəʊ/n．脚尖v i.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走2．for sth’s sake 为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值3．disorder /d I s'ɔːdə(r)/n．紊乱；混乱；骚乱4．excessive /I k'ses I v/adj.过度的；过多的5．all-round /ˌɔːl'raʊnd/adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的6．obstacle /'ɒbstəkl/n．障碍；障碍物7．accumulation /əˌkjuːmjə'le Iʃn/n．积累；聚积物8．devil /'devl/n．魔鬼；恶魔9．compliment /'kɒmpl I mənt/n．称赞；问候；致意v t.赞美；钦佩10．bolster /'bəʊlstə(r)/v t.改善；加强Ⅳ.背核心短语1．set sail 起航；开航2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚3．withdraw from 退出；撤回4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．search for寻找6．under the command of在……的指挥下7．in return for作为对……的回报8．for the benefit of为了……的好处/利益9．take action采取行动10．as well as也；又；还Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
太空对视力的影响英语作文
太空对视力的影响英语作文The Impact of Space on Vision。
Space travel has always been a topic of fascination for humanity. The idea of exploring the unknown, venturing into the vastness of space, and discovering new worlds has captured the imagination of people for centuries. However, one aspect of space travel that is often overlooked is its impact on the human body, specifically on vision.When astronauts travel to space, they are exposed to a variety of factors that can affect their vision. The most well-known of these factors is the lack of gravity. In space, the lack of gravity causes fluids in the body to shift upwards, including the fluids in the eyes. This can lead to an increase in pressure within the eyes, which can cause changes in vision.Another factor that can affect vision in space is radiation. Astronauts are exposed to higher levels ofradiation in space than they are on Earth, which can damage the eyes and lead to vision problems.In addition to these factors, the long duration of space travel can also have an impact on vision. Studies have shown that astronauts who spend extended periods of time in space can experience changes in their vision, including a decrease in visual acuity and an increase in the risk of developing cataracts.To combat these issues, researchers are working on developing new technologies and techniques to protect astronauts' vision during space travel. These include special glasses that filter out harmful radiation, exercises to help maintain eye health, and even potential treatments for vision problems that may arise.In conclusion, while space travel holds great promise for the future of humanity, it is important to consider the potential impact it can have on the human body, including vision. By understanding these risks and developing ways to mitigate them, we can ensure that astronauts can safelyexplore the wonders of space without compromising their health.。
高三英语未来科技单选题70题(答案解析)
高三英语未来科技单选题70题(答案解析)1.In the future, we may use ______ to travel long distances in a short time.A.hoverboardsB.warp drivesC.maglev trainsD.teleporters答案：D。
本题主要考查未来科技相关名词辨析。
选项A“hoverboards”是悬浮滑板，通常用于短距离出行；选项B“warp drives”是曲速引擎，主要用于太空旅行；选项C“maglev trains”是磁悬浮列车，虽然速度较快，但仍不能在短时间内进行长距离旅行；选项D“teleporters”是传送器，可以在短时间内实现长距离传送。
2.Future robots may be equipped with ______ to perform complex tasks.A.artificial intelligence chipsB.nanobotsC.quantum computersD.bionic limbs答案：A。
选项A“artificial intelligence chips”是人工智能芯片，可以让机器人具备学习和执行复杂任务的能力；选项B“nanobots”是纳米机器人，通常用于医疗等领域；选项C“quantum computers”是量子计算机，主要用于数据处理等；选项D“bionic limbs”是仿生肢体，与机器人执行复杂任务关系不大。
3.The development of future technology may rely on ______.A.solar panelsB.wind turbinesC.fusion reactorsD.batteries答案：C。
选项A“solar panels”是太阳能电池板；选项B“wind turbines”是风力涡轮机；选项C“fusion reactors”是核聚变反应堆，未来科技的发展可能依赖于强大的能源供应，核聚变反应堆有潜力提供大量清洁能源；选项D“batteries”是电池。
苍蝇复眼和航空照相机英语作文
苍蝇复眼和航空照相机英语作文The Compound Eyes of Flies and Aerial Cameras.In the realm of nature and technology, the compound eyes of flies and aerial cameras share remarkable similarities, showcasing the adaptability and ingenuity found in both the organic and mechanical worlds.Compound Eye Structure.A fly's compound eye, a marvel of nature's design, consists of thousands of individual ommatidia, each acting as a miniature lens. These ommatidia are packed densely together, forming a mosaic-like pattern that captures a wide field of view. Each ommatidium has its own light-sensitive cells, enabling the fly to detect movement, shapes, and colors in almost every direction.Aerial Camera Architecture.Aerial cameras, designed to capture aerial imagery from above, typically employ an array of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS)as their imaging sensors. These sensors are composed of millions of individual pixels, which are arranged in agrid-like pattern to capture a large field of view. Each pixel, like the ommatidia in a fly's eye, responds to light, allowing the camera to collect images with high resolution and clarity.Field of View and Visual Acuity.Both flies and aerial cameras possess wide fields of view due to their multiple-lens architecture. This panoramic vision allows them to scan their surroundings rapidly, detect potential threats or targets, and navigate their environment effectively. However, despite having a broader field of view, flies generally have poor visual acuity compared to humans. The multifaceted nature of their eyes creates a mosaic-like image, resulting in lower resolution compared to the single-lens camera systems found in aerial cameras.Image Formation and Processing.In a fly's compound eye, the individual ommatidia collect light rays from different angles, forming a composite image in the fly's brain. The fly's visual system processes this image, extracting essential information about the surrounding environment. Similarly, in an aerial camera, the array of CCDs or CMOS sensors captures light rays from the scene below, converting them into electrical signals. These signals are then processed by the camera's electronics to create a digital image that can be stored, transmitted, or analyzed.Motion Detection and Tracking.Flies rely heavily on their compound eyes for detecting and tracking motion. The temporal offset between the signals received by adjacent ommatidia allows them to determine the direction and speed of moving objects. This motion-detection capability is crucial for avoiding predators, finding food, and navigating their surroundings.Aerial cameras, on the other hand, often incorporate advanced algorithms and software to enhance their motion-tracking abilities. They can track specific objects or areas of interest, providing valuable information for surveillance, aerial surveys, and target identification.Night Vision and Color Perception.While flies have limited night vision capabilities, aerial cameras can be equipped with specialized sensorsthat enable them to capture images in low-light conditions. Aerial cameras can also be fitted with filters or multi-spectral sensors to capture images in different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, providing valuable information for specific applications such as agriculture, forestry, and environmental monitoring.Evolution and Adaptation.The compound eyes of flies are a testament to the extraordinary adaptations that have evolved over millions of years. Through natural selection, these eyes have beenoptimized for a fly's specific ecological niche. Aerial cameras, on the other hand, are the result of human ingenuity and technological advancements. They have been designed to meet specific operational requirements for aerial photography, surveillance, and mapping.Conclusion.The compound eyes of flies and aerial cameras exhibit remarkable parallels in their structure, function, and applications. Both systems leverage the principles of multiple-lens architecture to achieve wide fields of view and capture imagery from their respective vantage points. While flies have evolved these structures through natural selection, aerial cameras have been developed by humans through engineering and innovation. The study of these systems not only provides insights into the incredible diversity of nature but also highlights the ingenuity and problem-solving capabilities of human technology.。
江苏省扬州中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考试题英语
江苏省扬州中学2023~2024学年高二第一学期检测英语试卷 2024.10（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is the man probably talking to?A. A shop assistant.B. His wife.C. His coworker.2. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. The woman's photo.B. A scenic spot.C. A TV drama.3. What does the man mean?A. Emerce is a doubleedged sword.B. Local specialties should be exported.C. mercials are of no use.4. What will the man do next?A. Close a window.B. Catch a mouse.C. Leave the room.5. When does the conversation take place?A. On Friday.B. On Saturday.C. On Sunday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
OBJECTIVES Certification of Aerodromes – Principles and …认证的机场–原则与目标…
abatement procedures, flight restrictions over certain areas etc.
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ACAC/ACI Seminar on Aerodrome Certification, Marrakech, Morocco
safety measures 6. Safety Management systems
8
1
ACAC/ACI Seminar on Aerodrome Certification, Marrakech, Morocco
5 & 6 September 2019
Administrative details to include:
2. Organisational infrastructure; 3. Well-trained and qualified staff for evaluation of
application, inspection of airport infrastructure, safety procedures and checks.
Visual aids available at the aerodrome including wind direction indicators, airfield marking and lighting;
Obstacles limitation surfaces; Non-visual Navaids.
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ACAC/ACI Seminar on Aerodrome Certification, Marrakech, Morocco
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2024—2025学年高二上学期10月考试英语试卷
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学 2024—2025学年高二上学期10月考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Here is a selection of the world’s most unusual buildings that define a place through inventive ways of adapting to local environments.The floating (流动的) homes of Lake TiticacaMore than 500 years ago, the growing Inca Empire began to occupy the Uros’ mainland villages. To resist this threat, the Uros began to build the floating islands with the water- resistant plant called totora, which grows in the lake and is the lifeblood of the Uros community.The perfect desert town: GhadamesGhadames is an impressive example of environmental planning. Thick walls delay the sun’s heat entering a building during the day, and radiate that heat back to the sky at night. By morning, the walls have cooled again. Skilful use of available building materials achieves the maximum comfort with minimal means.Spain’s fairy-tale housesKnown as pallozas, the round houses are built from just a handful of materials: stone, wood and dry grass. Thick stone walls depending on what was available in the area block the cold and conserve internal heat. Inside, the palloza’s fireplaces are essential for maintaining a constant temperature, making it energy-efficient.The Himalayas’ ancient designThe structures in Himachal Pradesh were built by an ancient technique known as kath kuni. Wood and stones create a fantastic balance. The wooden frames (框架) lessen the stress on the openings during an earthquake. Thick stones hold the whole building firmly in place. Above all, pieces of wood interlock together, which makes the structures remarkably flexible, allowing walls to move in case of an earthquake.1．Which structure was built for defending residents against attackers?A．The kath kuni structure.B．The floating structure.C．The Ghadames structure.D．The palloza’s structure.2．What do the houses in Ghadames and pallozas have in common?A．They are sustainable.B．They maximize internal heat.C．They are built for luxury living.D．They’re made of special materials. 3．What makes Kath kuni structures earthquake-resistant?A．The stone frames.B．The narrow openings.C．The flexible wood.D．An interlocking system.“It was written in some sense,” Sophie Blake, a physics professor, would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized telescopes. “I’m not going to lie. My father was a physicist. My mother’s an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously.Blake always enjoyed building things like a child engineer. It wasn’t unusual for her to experiment with her father’s research equipment. She thanks, in part, her short attention period for her inquisitiveness, “I am always looking for something.”For the last few years, Blake has been searching for signs of the universe’s early existence — from the birth of the first stars to the “cosmic (宇宙的) dark ages” — and she’s building her own equipment to explore beyond the known universe, focusing on its distant past with novel radio technology. Since 2017, Blake and her team have been engineering and planting radio telescopes in two of the Earth’s most remote (and quietest) locations for the best shot at hearing the earliest voice of the universe.Initially, Blake planned a PhD in particle (粒子) physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab with messy equipment and tools everywhere at the California Institute of Technology. “I didn’t know about observational cosmology then but thought, ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”She spent a year at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, after conducting experiments of a balloon-borne microwave telescope launched from McMurdo. “That really inspired my love for remote places,” she said.Eventually, she wanted to engineer her own instruments. After her year at the South Pole, she joined the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. At that time, the site decision was made for the largest radio telescope group on Earth.“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before.” Blake recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’”4．What can we infer from Blake’s joke in paragraph 1?A．She follows in her parents’ footsteps.B．She develops an interest in telescopes.C．She lies about her parents’ professions.D．She lives up to her parents’ expectations. 5．What does the underlined word “inquisitiveness” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Talent.B．Courage.C．Curiosity.D．Intelligence. 6．What stimulated Blake’s passion for distant places?A．Her visit to a lab in a university.B．Her wish to build her own equipment.C．Her faith in hearing the cosmic sound.D．Her experience at a South Pole Station. 7．Which of the following best describes Blake?A．Confident and caring.B．Generous and optimistic.C．Modest and open-minded.D．Adventurous and determined.Children who were behind in their development at age 4-5were almost three times as likely to have been out of education, employment, or training at age 16-17, analysis of pupil data has found.4-5-ycar-olds in England are assessed by the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile, and those who reach the boundary of a “good level of development” are considered “school ready”.The new study in the journal BMC Public Health has found a significant gap in Not in Education, Employment or Training（NEET）outcomes between those who were ready and unready for primary school. The research drew on data from more than 8,000 Bradford young people whose records are linked as part of the Connected Bradford project. The research found that 11%of children who were not school ready went on to be NEET at 16-17, compared to just 4%of children who were school ready.Lead author Dr Matthew Warburton, Research Officer at Leeds’School of Psychology, said: “These findings tell us that there are clear, early indicators for children and young people being at risk of disadvantage in late adolescence. As schools routinely collect this data, the research could be used to kickstart early intervention in schools based on primary school readiness.”The research team, which also included academics from Lancaster University and the Bradford Institute for Health Research, say this shows a clear need for early intervention by schools to reduce disadvantage in later life.This echoes the message from a series of N8 Child of the North and Centre for Young Lives reports on the need to put children and young people first. Senior author Dr Amy Atkinson, Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at Lancaster University said: “Data from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile is readily available for millions of children and young people in England. This information could, and should, be used to identify pupils at increased risk of becoming NEET.”8．What does the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile probably do?A．Record employment status.B．Monitor teenagers’progress.C．Evaluate primary school students.D．Assess 4-5-year-olds’development. 9．What does Dr Matthew imply about the current situation of schools?A．They lack data for early intervention.B．They lack data to identify at-risk students.C．Early intervention is required.D．Early intervention have been done. 10．What do we know about the data according to the last paragraph?A．It is rarely used in England.B．It is not enough for identifying NEET youth.C．It is used effectively for the NEET issue.D．It can solve the issue of NEET youth. 11．The passage is structured in the following way.A．Introducing a topic-Describing related studies -Making suggestionsB．Making a claim -Providing evidence-Drawing a conclusionC．Presenting a problem -Analyzing the causes -Offering solutionsD．Raising a question-Discussing different opinions -Reaching an agreementLord Rees and Neil deGrasse Tyson pour cold water on Elon Musk’s plans to transfer a large human population to Mars at a World Government Summit panel in Dubai. The billionaire’s plans to send humans to Mars are a “dangerous vision”, according to Britain’s chief astrophysicist Lord Martin Rees.Back in 2016, Musk outlined his vision of building a colony on Mars “in our lifetimes” — with the first rocket sending humans to the Red Planet by 2025. For many years the company usedan image of the Martian surface being terraformed (地球化) in its promotional material . However, a NASA-sponsored study published in 2018 dismissed these plans as impossible with today’s technology. Recently Musk has tweeted that he believed it was “possible to make a self-sustaining city on Mars by 2050, if we start in five years”.Lord Rees said, “The only reason for humans to go to space would be for adventure. To live on Mars is not going to be easy. Mars has an unpleasant environment.” “The idea of Elon Musk to have a million people settle on Mars is a dangerous idea. Living on Mars is no better than living on the South Pole or the tip of Mount Everest. If you want to call Mars home, you need to terraform Mars, turn it into Earth.” American astrophysicist and science educator Neil de Grasse Tyson added. However, the size of this task was much larger than actively attempting to prevent the initial catastrophe on Earth, Dr. Tyson explained: “It is so much easier to make Earth return to Earth again rather than terraforming Mars.”“There is no force on Earth as powerful as the exploration of space that impacts our thoughts and ambitions. Thinking about the future is half of what drives the future. Space will always remain as an inspiration for young people and it is an area we need to support,” Lord Rees said.12．What was Musk’s attitude to the vision of building a colony on Mars by 2050?A．Skeptical.B．Optimistic.C．Dismissive.D．Cautious. 13．What makes terraforming Mars a difficult task, according to Dr. Tyson?A．Unpleasant environment in Mars.B．Conflict with NASA’s plan.C．Lack of advanced technology.D．Extreme weather in the South Pole. 14．What is the main message conveyed by Lord Rees in the last paragraph?A．Human development relies on thinking about the future of the earth.B．Mars colonization should be a top priority for young people.C．Space exploration has a huge impact on human development.D．Young people should be more supportive of space exploration.15．What is the best title of this passage?A．Elon Musk Thinks Big About Colonizing Mars.B．Experts Dismiss Elon Musk’s Mars Colonization Plans.C．The Fruitless Exploration of Human Settlement on Mars.D．The Challenges of Establishing Human Habitats on Mars.Adaptations are currently popular in the movie industry. We’re all familiar with film adaptations of books. 16 Book adaptations of films aren’t that common, but it’s a medium that certainly takes skills to master.The most well-known version of a film being adapted to books is via the novelisation (小说化). Movie novelisations went through a boom period before the internet era. Fans wanted to know more about the fictional worlds and experience the story again in a new way. 17 Thus, the novelisation was a great solution.Meanwhile, the screen to page process has also opened up the possibility of sequels (续篇). Perhaps there simply wasn’t financial investment to create a follow-up to a film. Maybe a sequel idea simply felt more appropriate for a novel. 18 In recent years for example, the film Heat, released in 1995 has received its own novel. ET: The Book of the Green Planet continued the extra-terrestrial’s journey after the completion of the film’s narrative.But what are the benefits of reading a novel instead of waiting for the big screen version? Well, a novel can take its reader deeper into the mind of the characters that the film had to represent in a more visual way. 19 Although a film might characterize a fantastic scene or a specific costume choice, it doesn’t always tell why those things are important. Novelisations and sequels can take that extra step and shine a light on some of those movie-making choices.Book adaptations of films obviously won’t ever replace cinema, and there’s no need to choose one or the other. 20A．But what about book adaptations of films?B．Besides, descriptions can be more detailed too.C．For a time, they were everything for cinema lovers.D．Films being adapted to books has been talked repeatedly.E．But they couldn’t simply google it, or immediately purchase the production on tape. F．Regardless, some terrific films have been expanded upon thanks to this medium. G．Actually, these two mediums are considerably interdependent and complementary.二、完形填空I was first going into this final day, the Junior Sled Dog Championship. We’d trained two years and wanted to beat Blake. I knelt down to pat Kenai and my hands 21 from nerves and excitement. Kenai tipped up his face to lick my chin “You are 22 , aren’t you?”Just before the countdown started, Blake shot me a 23 smile, hands trembling too. Then I heard, “Go!” 24 I could yell “Hike!”, Kenai leaped forward. The rest of the dogs 25 after. We started last. We flew down the long hill. Then we 26 a corner. I leaned to keep the sled steady. Kenai saw Blake’s team before I did . His tail flew up, and he 27 . Seeing his tongue still flopping forward, I let him go all out. We closed the 28 . A bridge later, we inched closer. On the next hill, Kenai drew even with Blake’s sled and then we passed it.29 our sled hit a branch. The runners caught. I lost my 30 and fell off the sled. Witnessing the sled come to a stop, I struggled through the deep s now to Kenai. I 31 . His shoulder was bleeding.“Kenai ! No!” My voice came out a howl. Kenai 32 to stand. He looked at me, his blue eyes 33 to keep on He would do it, too. For one frozen moment I saw myself on the winner’s stand with the trophy (奖杯). But no. I bent and gently 34 Kenai in a blanket.The race vet examining Kenai, I watched Blake accept the trophy. Kenai squirming in my lap, I leaned over upon him. Just at that moment, I felt a warm tongue on my wet cheek. I smiled and realized that I had the 35 that really counted.21．A．softened B．shook C．withdrew D．extended 22．A．clever B．thirsty C．helpful D．ready 23．A．broad B．satisfied C．tight D．slight24．A．As B．Beyond C．Before D．After 25．A．pulled B．charged C．jumped D．barked 26．A．cut B．missed C．kept D．rounded 27．A．took off B．backed off C．turned around D．bent forward 28．A．race B．difference C．gap D．goal 29．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Gradually D．Occasionally 30．A．way B．hold C．temper D．sight31．A．quitted B．insisted C．sighed D．froze 32．A．struggled B．decided C．refused D．pretended 33．A．forcing B．begging C．ordering D．persuading 34．A．took up B．put up C．brought up D．wrapped up 35．A．prayer B．praise C．prize D．price三、单项选择36．It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A．as B．whereC．that D．which37．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.A．where B．which C．when D．who38．I think that, _____the cost, we have to address this problem. We have to bring justice and compassion to the victims.A．whichever B．whatever C．however D．wherever39．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A．that B．whichC．what D．how40．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A．which B．its C．whose D．whom 41．Evidence has been found through years of study________children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A．when B．how C．whether D．that 42．Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century.A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 43．Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A．that B．why C．where D．which44．The children were all interested in ________ they had seen in the exhibition.A．which B．that all C．all what D．all that45．As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ______ it takes to start a business here.A．how B．what C．when D．which46．The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.”A．before B．afterC．since D．while47．Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi _______ the bus had dropped her.A．until B．when C．although D．where48．______ regular exercise is very important, it is not a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．Although B．As C．Considering D．Assuming49．I'll be out for some time. ______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A．In case B．As ifC．Even though D．Now that50．It was _____ he came back from Africa that year _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.A．when; then B．not; until C．not until; that D．only; when四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
关于2024航天英语作文
关于2024航天英语作文英文回答：In the realm of space exploration, the year 2024 holds great promise and anticipation. As we venture deeper into the cosmos, several key developments and missions are poised to shape the future of space travel and our understanding of the universe.Human Spaceflight and Lunar Exploration:2024 marks a pivotal year for human spaceflight to the Moon. NASA's Artemis program aims to return humans to the lunar surface for the first time since the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s. The Artemis III mission, scheduled for late 2024 or early 2025, will send the first woman and the next man to walk on the Moon. This mission will establish a sustainable presence on the lunar surface, paving the way for future scientific research and potential lunar colonization.International Space Station Operations:The International Space Station (ISS), a collaborative endeavor among multiple international space agencies, continues to serve as a hub for scientific research and human spaceflight. In 2024, the ISS will celebrate its 25th anniversary. The station has hosted over 250 astronauts and cosmonauts from 19 countries, demonstrating the power of international cooperation in space exploration. Continued research on the ISS will provide valuable insights into the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body and mind, while also advancing our understanding of Earth's environment and climate.Space Telescopes and Deep Space Exploration:The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021 marked a major milestone in space astronomy. The JWST, a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, is designed to peer deeper into space and time than any previous telescope. In 2024,the JWST is expected to release its first full-color images, providing a window into the early universe and unlocking mysteries about the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies.Furthermore, NASA's Lucy mission, launched in 2021,will continue its journey to explore the Trojan asteroids,a group of primitive bodies orbiting the Sun in thevicinity of Jupiter. The mission aims to shed light on the formation and evolution of the solar system.Commercial Spaceflight and Space Tourism:Commercial spaceflight companies such as SpaceX andBlue Origin have made significant strides in recent years, offering suborbital and orbital space tourism experiences.In 2024, we can expect continued growth in the commercial spaceflight industry, with more companies and individuals venturing into space. These endeavors not only promotespace exploration as an accessible experience but also contribute to technological advancements and innovation in the industry.Education and Outreach:Space exploration captures the imagination of people worldwide, particularly young students. In 2024, various educational programs and initiatives will continue to inspire and educate the next generation of space explorers. NASA's STEM outreach programs, for instance, aim to foster interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, while also promoting diversity and inclusion in the field.中文回答：2024 年航天英语作文。
卫星控制无人机英语作文
卫星控制无人机英语作文Controlling a satellite is like playing a high-tech video game. You sit in front of a computer screen and use a joystick to maneuver the satellite through space. It's a real adrenaline rush, knowing that one wrong move could send the satellite off course.The key to controlling a satellite is precision. Every movement has to be calculated down to the millisecond. One tiny mistake could have disastrous consequences. It's a high-pressure job, but the satisfaction of successfully controlling a satellite makes it all worth it.One of the most challenging aspects of satellitecontrol is dealing with unexpected obstacles. Space is a chaotic and unpredictable environment, and you never know what might come your way. It requires quick thinking and problem-solving skills to navigate through these obstacles and keep the satellite on track.Communication is crucial when controlling a satellite. You have to constantly stay in touch with ground control to receive updates and instructions. It's a fast-paced and dynamic environment, and you have to be able to think on your feet and adapt to changing circumstances.In the end, controlling a satellite is a thrilling and rewarding experience. It requires a unique combination of skill, precision, and quick thinking. It's not for thefaint of heart, but for those who are up to the challenge, it's an incredibly fulfilling career.。
高考英语二轮复习优选精练(新高考九省适用)：专题 03 阅读理解：说明文 (解析版)
专题03 优选精炼说明文养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
1.（2024·江西鹰潭·高三贵溪市实验中学校考期末）Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.Chahl’s team used a special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation missions.Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that can right themselves.Of course, not all attempts to build dragonfly-like drones are successful. TechJet’s air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera, observation and security drone, but it failed before production got underway. Similarly, Insectothopter, an American dragonfly spy drone built in the 1970 s was deserted.Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact, NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan in 2034. NASA’s project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature’s most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.1．Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonfly’s flight?A．To build 3D models from digital images.B．To make winged drones modelled after it.C．To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.D．To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.2．The special skill of dragonflies is their ability to_________.A．glide to safety B．avoid tricky situationsC．perform observation tasks D．adjust themselves to stay stable 3．What is the author’s attitude towards winged drones?A．Skeptical.B．Uncertain.C．Supportive.D．Conservative. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．Winged Drones: Still a Long Way to GoB．Javaan Chahl: An Innovative Leader of AeronauticsC．A Dragonfly’s Flying Technique: Perfect for DronesD．The Code of Nature: A Solution to NASA’s Space Exploration【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。
简化自动化Anywhere虚拟交流开关（四路石）说明书
Add to Anywhere 3-Way Virtual Switch Kits for 4-Way remote lighting control. Or use for virtual remote lighting and appliance control of Anywhere Virtual Remote Lighting Control Accessories: Anywhere Switches (US1-V0), controlled receptacle (URD-V0), plug-in (UMA-V0) and wire-in (UFR-V0) relay modules.•ON/OFF control of local circuit, and virtual remote control of one or more Anywhere Virtual Switches and Accessories•Replaces existing mechanical switch – hot and neutral connections required•4-rocker switch’s top-left rocker controls local circuit and devices set on channel 2. Top-right,bottom-left & bottom-right rockers control remoteswitches and devices set on channel 3, 1 and 4. •Compatible with LED, incandescent, Halogen, fluorescent, low-voltage lighting and motors -pump/fan (900 W / 7.5 Amps max., 1 W min.) •Vapor (Sodium/Mercury) or metal-halide lights may require isolation (model ZNF10A-W) filters.•DO NOT WIRE HOT! Permanentdamage may result. Improperinstallation voids the warranty. Ifnecessary pull out LED indictorlight-pipe (1/4 inch) to disconnectpower and avoid damage.Anywhere Virtual Accessory Switch is shown with detachable, white-rocker faceplate. Color/rockerchange kits sold separately (see model ZS22, ZS23and ZS24).FUNCTIONModel US2-V04 The Anywhere Virtual Accessory Switchfor remote lighting and appliance control replaces an existing mechanical switch and use the existing switch wires (white neutral wire required) to provide virtual 3-way remote control - no traveler wires or batteries needed. The Anywhere Virtual Remote Lighting and Appliance Control Switch and Accessories offer a cost effective alternative for the professional electrician – versus running costly new wiring or using wireless 3-way consumer DIY options that do not always work. The US2-V04 remotely controls lighting and loads connected to any number of the accessories, including other Anywhere Switches (US1-V0, US2-V0 orV3WAY-A or -B), controlled receptacles (URD-V0), plug-in (UMA-V0) and wire-in (UFR-V0) relay modules. And, use Anywhere Scheduler-Timer (UCS-V0) for automatic control and expanded functionality.The switch has a (900 Watt maximum, 1 Watt minimum) output circuit wire that can be connected to control a local light/load circuit. If only a remote light circuit needs to be controlled, simply use a wire nut (included) to cap the unused output wire. Top-left-rocker – pressing the top of the rocker turns on the switch output and remotes set on channel #2 (status LED shines green). Pressing the bottom of the rocker turns off the switch output and channel #2 remotes (status LED shines blue). Other-rockers – pressing the top/bottom of the rocker turns on/off remotes set on channel 1 (bottom-left), channel 3 (top-right) and 4 (bottom-right). The top-left rocker controls the 900W output load wire and any number of Anywhere devices on channel #2 (e.g. another US2-V0). The other rockers controls any number of Anywhere devices on channels 1 (bottom-left rocker), 3 (top-right rocker) and 4 (bottom-right rocker). These transmit channels are fixed, they cannot be changed. However, the faceplate can be changed from 2-rockers to a 3- or 4- rocker faceplate for control of up to 4 lighting zones (see faceplate models ZS23 and ZS24). Using the Scheduler-Timer (model UCS-V0) the US2-V0 switch and other Anywhere devices can be set to receive 4 separate channels. This allows the switch to respond to a channel that can be used as “All On/Off”, and also respond to a separate channel for manual, or automatic scheduled / timed control (8 channels are available) with UCS-V0. The switch also has a thermal overload protection mechanism. It will cycle the switch off if it gets too hot, helping prevent accidental overload. An over-loaded switch will cycle off/on/off/on… until the switch is turned off or the load is reduced to within specifications.The professional grade Anywhere Virtual Accessory Switch and Anywhere Accessories for remote lighting control employ Simply Automated’s advanced powerline communication technology. This technology is safe and reliable. It has no radio frequency (RF) emissions, and is used reliably in tens of thousands of homes with no adverse affects to appliances, stereo equipment, ham radios, cordless phones, wireless RF modems/devices, computer equipment or other home automation technology like the much less reliable X10. In fact the technology is employed in freeway bridge applications spanning over a mile. The Anywhere Switch US2-V0 is compatible with Simply Automated’s “Anywhere” switches and accessories, including: Anywhere Switches (US1-V0 & US2-V0), controlled receptacle (URD-V0), plug-in (UMA-V0) and wire-in (UFR-V0) relay modules. ‘Anywhere’ switches and accessories are not compatible (will not talk to or work) with any of Simply Automated’s PC-Configured, Pre-Configured, SimplySmart TM, or other UPB or UPStart configured product solutions. IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONSWhen using electrical products, basic safety precautions should always be followed, including the following:1. READ AND FOLLOW ALL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.2. Installation should be performed by a qualified electrician.3. Keep away from water. If product comes into contact with water orother liquid, disconnect immediately.4. Never use products that have been dropped or damaged.5. Do not use this product outdoors (unless protected from moisture).6. Do not use this product for other than its intended use.7. Do not connect multiple lamps that, when combined, exceed themaximum load rating of the product, de-rated for multi-gang boxes.8. Do not install in areas that can exceed 120°F (e.g., in an attic).9. To avoid the risk of overheating and possible damage to otherequipment, do not wire this product directly to a receptacle.10. Do not cover the product with any material when in use.11. SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.INSTALLATIONThe Anywhere Virtual Accessory Switch is designed to be installed in a junction box that is wired to a readily accessible over-current protection device in the building wiring per NEC and CEC electrical codes. CAUTION:DO NOT CONNECT TO RECEPTACLE – USE MODEL URD-V0 CONTROLLED RECEPTACLE. The default switch configuration operates as an on/off switch; using a single tap to thetop/bottom of the rocker to turn on/off.ATTENTION: NE PAS SE CONNECTER A RECIPIENTS.La configuration du commutateur par défaut fonctionne comme un interrupteur marche / arrêt, à l'aide d'une simple pression vers le haut / bas de la bascule pour activer / désactiver.CAUTION: DO NOT WIRE THIS DEVICE WITH POWERCONNECTED. Injury or permanent damage to the devicemay result. Improper installation voids the product warranty. 1. Locate the existing wall switch where the Anywhere VirtualAccessory Switch will be installed. Note that the connected lamprating (or the combined rating of all connected lamps/loads) must not exceed what is shown in the de-rating table below.2. Disconnect power at the circuit breaker for the switch circuit. Utilize the power ‘disconnect’ to prevent damage if wiring hot (see below).3. Remove the existing wall switch. Disconnect the wires to the switch.4. If a color/rocker change kit will be used to change out the faceplate, see “INSTALLING/CHANGING FACEPLATES” section for details.5.At the switch location use a wire nut to connect all white (Neutral) wires together. Make sure the connection is tight and strong to ensure good communication between switches and accessories. 6.At the switch location use a wire nut to connect the brown (load output) wire of the switch to the black wire of the load/fixture to be controlled. If the switch does not need to control a local load, then cap the unused brown load wire with a wire nut.7.At the switch location use a wire nut to connect the black (Line) wire of the switch to the black (Line) power wire. Make sure the connection is tight and strong to ensure good communication between switches and accessories.8.Mount the switch inside their respective J-box using captive screws. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN THE SCREWS. 9.Reconnect power at the circuit breakers.10. Top-Rocker: Press and release top of the top-rocker to turn on switchand any other installed Anywhere accessories that are set onchannel #2. Press and release bottom of top-rocker to turn off switch and any other installed Anywhere accessories on channel #2. 11. Other-Rockers (see wiring diagram): Press and release top of therocker to turn on installed Anywhere accessories that are set on channel # 1, 3, or 4. Press and release bottom of bottom-rocker to turn off other installed Anywhere accessories on channel # 1, 3 or 4.WIRING DIAGRAMAnywhere switch requires a hot (line) and neutral connection. The brown load wire connects to the lighting circuit (switch leg). If no lighting circuit needs to be connected at the switch then cap brown wire with a wire nut.POWER DISCONNECTIONTo disconnect power to the switch and connected lamp fixture, depress the top of the rocker switch, grab the underside of the clear plasticindicator tab (light pipe) with your fingernail, and pull the tab out about 0.2” until it stays in place. The LED indicator will extinguish showing that power is now disconnected. To reconnect power, simply push the tab back into its normal position. Utilize the ‘disconnect’ to prevent damage if the switch must be wired hot.CHANGING CHANNELSIf separate lighting ‘zones’, or ‘sets’ of Anywhere Remote LightingControls will be used on the properties’ power service, then the separate ‘set’ of switches and accessories will need to be configured for a channel other than #2 (US2-V0 local load). The US2-V04 rocker channels are fixed, they cannot be changed. However, there are four (4) availablechannels that can be used by other Anywhere devices (US1-V0, UMA-V0, UFR-V0 and URD-V0) and changing them is easy. Refer to the User Guide of the specific Anywhere device to change its channel. FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGSTo restore the switch to the original factory default settings (e.g.responding to channel #2 only), tap the rocker 5 times quickly. The LED will flash green. Then tap the rocker 10 times quickly. The LED will flash blue. Tap the rocker 2 times quickly and the LED will stop flashing. At this point the switch is reset.INSTALLING/CHANGING FACEPLATESAnywhere Switches are designed with removable actuator faceplates, making it possible to change color in the field without disconnecting the switch from the wall.To remove the faceplate assembly to change color, do the following:1. If installed in a junction box, remove the wall plate framing the switch.2.Using the thumb and index finger, press the top two side-prongs of the rocker faceplate assembly inward so that they unlatch from the switch body. This will release the top of the rocker assembly. 3.Press the two lower side-prongs inward, and pull the faceplateassembly away and slightly downward from the switch body, moving it away from the clear plastic light pipe.4.Once the faceplate is removed, follow steps 1-4 below for instructions on installing a new rocker faceplate assembly. To install a faceplate assembly, do the following:1.Hold the actuator faceplate assembly so that clear plastic light pipe (LED) on the switch fits nicely into the recess on the top of the faceplate.2. Align the four prongs on the side of the faceplate assembly with the four slots on the switch body.3.While squeezing the prongs on both sides, press the faceplate straight onto the switch body. Ensure that all four prongs are fully inserted and latched into the switch body. If all four prongs are not fully latched, the rocker plungers may not function properly. 4.Exercise rocker several times to ensure proper seating andoperation. If the rocker doesn’t operate properly, remove and re-install the faceplate to check proper seating and operation.TROUBLE SHOOTINGSimply Automated’s Powerline technology is extremely robust. Using large low frequency pulses in a patented pulse position modulation protocol, they can overcome power line noise and capacitive attenuation in most (98%) applications. In the event that the switch and accessories are set for the same channel, but are not communicating (i.e. turning each other on/off) or controlling the local light/load circuit(s), here are steps to diagnose and resolve the issue:1)Are the LED indicators lit on both switches, indicating the switches are powered? If not, make sure the Power Disconnect (LED light pipe) is pressed in, check hot and neutral wire-nut connections and circuit breaker state.2)Do both the switches’ LEDs change from blue to green when turning from off to on? If not, check hot and neutral wire-nut connections making sure the connection is tight and strong for goodcommunication. If yes, then check the brown load wire connection to the fixtures’ switch leg, and if necessary the light fixture and bulb. A volt meter or power indicator probe is helpful in confirming switch leg power vs. bulb/fixture fault.At this step one switch should be turning the lighting circuit on/off. Or if each switch has a connected lighting circuit then each switch should be able to control its own lighting circuit. If they are not controlling each other, double check they are on the same channel (try resetting to factory default as described above). If they still don’t control each other there would appear to be a communication issue, and phase alignment (swapbreakers/wires so both switched are on the same phase, either phase A or B) or installing a phase coupler (model ZPCI) may be necessary. For addition trouble shooting assistance, please call or write SimplyAutomated Technical Support at 800-630-9234 / 760-431-2100 (Ext. 138) or **************************** or see /Anywhere_Virtual_3-way_Applications.php。
夜晚的星空导航：自然的指引 英语作文
Night Sky Navigation:Nature's GuidanceThe night sky has long served as a natural compass,guiding travelers and explorers across the vast expanse of the Earth.This essay explores the significance of the night sky as a navigational tool,highlighting the beauty and reliability of nature's guidance.The Celestial Sphere:A Map AboveThe night sky is like a celestial sphere,a vast dome encompassing the Earth.It is adorned with countless stars,planets,and other celestial objects that have captivated humans for centuries.Early civilizations recognized patterns in the stars and used them as a guide for navigation. By observing the positions and movements of celestial bodies,they were able to determine their direction and location on Earth.The North Star:A Steady GuideOne of the most reliable navigational tools in the night sky is the North Star,also known as Polaris.Located close to the celestial north pole,the North Star appears almost stationary while other stars appear to rotate around it.This fixed position makes it an excellent reference point for determining direction,especially in the northern hemisphere.Sailors, explorers,and travelers have relied on the North Star for centuries to guide their journeys.Constellations:Celestial LandmarksConstellations are groups of stars that form recognizable patterns in the night sky.They have been used as celestial landmarks for navigation throughout history.By identifying and following specific constellations, such as Orion,the Big Dipper,or the Southern Cross,people could orient themselves and navigate their way across land or sea.These constellations provided a sense of familiarity and served as reliable guides in the dark night.The Moon and Planets:Moving BeaconsThe Moon and planets also play a role in night sky navigation.The Moon, with its changing phases,provides a reference point for determining thetime and direction.Its position and brightness can help travelers gauge their location and estimate their journey's progress.Similarly,planets like Venus,Mars,and Jupiter can serve as moving beacons in the night sky,offering additional reference points for navigation.Stellar Navigation TechniquesBeyond the simple observation of celestial bodies,ancient civilizations developed sophisticated techniques for stellar navigation.Polynesian navigators,for example,used star compasses and memorized star paths to navigate vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean.They relied on the positions and movements of specific stars,as well as their knowledge of ocean currents,winds,and other natural indicators,to navigate with remarkable accuracy.Modern Navigation ToolsWhile modern technology has provided us with advanced navigation tools,the night sky still holds its allure and practicality for navigation. GPS systems and compasses may be more precise,but the stars continue to inspire and guide.Stargazing and celestial navigation remain popular hobbies and skills,connecting us to ancient traditions and reminding us of our place in the vastness of the universe.Appreciating the Night SkyBeyond its navigational significance,the night sky holds a profound beauty that captivates and inspires.The twinkling stars,the serene moon,and the vastness of the cosmos remind us of the wonder and mystery of the universe.Taking the time to gaze upon the night sky not only allows us to appreciate its navigational value but also offers a moment of reflection and connection to something greater than ourselves.ConclusionThe night sky serves as a natural compass,guiding travelers and explorers throughout history.From the North Star to constellations and the movements of celestial bodies,the night sky provides a reliable and awe-inspiring navigational tool.By appreciating and understandingnature's guidance,we can develop a deeper connection to the cosmos and gain a sense of our place in the universe.。
FURUNO GP-1650系列高精度GPS DGPS WAAS收音机与显示器说明书
s High-accuracy GPS/DGPS/WAASreceivers 6" AR-coated high-contrast brightLCD for optimum viewing under direct sunlights Display of ship's track, waypointsand planned route on a precision electronic charts Works with FURUNO MiniChart orNAVIONICS ®Nav-Chart and C-MAP NT Charts Versatile display modes including:qCourse Plot q Nav Dataq Steering Display q Highways Course plot in True Motion North-up/Course-up or Relative Motion North-up/Course-ups Automatic or manual selection eitherWAAS, DGPS or GPS (GP-1650WD/1650WDF)s Built-in DGPS beacon receiver withGPS/DGPS combo antenna (GP-1650WD/1650WDF)s 50/200 kHz, 600 W dual-frequencyecho sounder (GP-1650WF/1650WDF)s Waterproof display suited for flybridgeinstallationModels GP-1650W/1650WD/1650WF/1650WDFTRADE MARK REGISTERED MARCA REGISTRADACatalogue No. N-852COLOR LCD GPS/WAAS PLOTTERThe future today with FURUNO's electronics technology.FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.9-52 Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya City, Japan Telephone: +81 (0)798 65-2111Telefax: +81 (0)798 65-4200, 66-4622 URL: www.furuno.co.jpGP-1650W:GPS/WAAS plotterGP-1650WD:GPS/WAAS plotter with DGPS beacon receiver GP-1650WF:GPS/WAAS plotter with echo sounderGP-1650WDF:GPS/WAAS plotter with DGPS beacon receiver and echo sounderPhoto: Model GP-1650WDF (Navionics ®Nav-Chart )with integral DGPS Receiver and Echo sounderOwn shipPlanned routeOwn ship's trackCursorNavionics ®Nav-ChartCompact sensitive GPS/DGPS antennaGPS/DGPS /WAAS combo antennaFor all boaters...FURUNO GP-1650 series offerAccurate Positioning with WAAS,High Contrast Bright LCD for optimum viewing under the direct sun lightThe GP-1650W series are GPS/DGPS/WAAS plotters with video plotting and echo sounding capabilitydesigned for pleasure craft and coastal fishing boats.This compact and cost-effective series offersextremely accurate position fixes - 10 m for the basic GPS, 3 m where WAAS service is available and 5 m with DGPS (DGPS version).The Display modes include Course Plot, Nav Data,Steering and Highway. The Steering mode provides an intuitive indication of course to steer and cross-track-error. The Highway mode is useful when you are following a series of waypoints along a planned route.The GP-1650WF and GP-1850WDF with the 50/200kHz echo sounder module present detailedinformation on fish and bottom. The echo sounder data can be displayed jointly with course plot or alone on the full size screen.The useable chart cards are Furuno MiniChart/Navionics ®Nav-Chart or C-MAP NT Chart cards.Chart cards contain accurate spot sounding,coastlines, depth contours, buoys, lighthouses and other navigational features.Navionics ®Nav-ChartC-MAP NT ChartC-MAP NT ChartC-MAP NT ChartC-MAP NT ChartGPS RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS1.Receiver Type Twelve discrete channels, C/A code, all-in-viewintegral WAAS processor2.Receive Frequency L1 (1575.42 MHz)3.Accuracy GPS: 10 m (95%)DGPS: 5 m (95%)WAAS: 3 m (95%)4.Time to First Fix12 seconds typical (Warm start)5.Tracking velocity999 knots6.Geodetic System WGS-84, NAD-27, and others7.DGPS CapabilityGP-1650WD/1650WDF:DGPS beacon receiver built inGP-1650W/1650WF:External DGPS beacon receiver transmittingdata in RTCM SC104 v.2.1 format throughRS-232C interface or optional internal DGPS4.Rectifier PR-62 for 115/230 VAC mains5.Temperature Sensor T-02MTB/T-02MSB/T-03MSB (GP-1650WF/GP-1650WDF)6.Speed/Temperature Sensor ST-02MSB/ST-02PSB (GP-1650WF/GP-1650WDF)7.Internal DGPS beacon receiver kit for GP-1650W/GP-1650WF8.Connector kit for connecting temp or speed/temp sensor9.RAM cardTransducers(Specify when ordering GP-1650WF/1650WDF.)1.520-5PSD (Plastic thru-hull)2.520-5MSD (Bronze thru-hull)3.520-5PWD (Plastic transom)4.525ST-MSD (Bronze thru-hull with speed/temp sensor)5.525ST-PWD (Plastic transom with speed/temp sensor)。
JEPESEN航图教材print
JEPPESEN航图教程中国南方航空公司CSN-5060第一章JEPPESEN航图的介绍•JEPPESEN航图采用最适用的航空图和地形图编制而成；•JEPPESEN航图采用兰勃特正圆锥投影；•主要考虑供以驾驶舱的仪表和无线电设备为依据的航路仪表飞行之用；•所有航图符合FAA要求。
1、航图分类：•AIRPORT CHART 机场图•STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVL ROUTE CHART（STAR）标准终端进场航路图•ENROUTE CHART 航路图•AREA CHART 区域图•STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE CHART（SID）标准仪表离场图•APPROACH CHART 仪表进近图2、航图序号：AB-C第一个数字A：机场代号第二个数字B：进近图的类型：第三个数字C ：进近图序号0 Number Series ：10-1 Area Charts10-1A Class B Airspace Charts10-2 Arrival Charts - STARs10-3 Departure Charts - SIDs10-4, 5, and 7 Tailored Charts10-6 Taxi Routes10-8 Airport Construction Information10-9 Airport Charts3、航图使用：（1）起动发动机前：停机位、机场平面图、SID 、返场落地仪表图6 – NDB7 - DF1 - ILS, MLS2 - GPS (Standalone)（2）航路巡航阶段：高空航路图、低空航路图以及高/低空航路图（3）下降高度前：STAR、仪表进近图、机场平面图、机场停机位图第二章机场图一、机场图格式二、标题标题资料包括机场地理名称、机场名称、经纬度、标高、磁差、地名代码、索引号、制作日期以及生效日期。
三、通信资料主要是离场使用的通信资料，按照使用顺序排列。
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precision approach categoryⅠlighting system
Precision approach category 1 DH= 60m
CAT 1 NORMAL OACI
or RVR > 800m
Runway threshold identification lights (Flashing lights)
2 location and composition :
Spacing: 1~4m
3 characteristics of simple approach system 1) Fixed lights/ Distinguishable from other lights 2) Sequence flashing lights 3) Requirements for a non-instrument RWY: on base and final leg / at all angles in azimuth 4) Requirements for a non-precision RWY: on final approach / at all angles in azimuth
No runway lead-in lighting systems during cat. II operations (flashing lights may blind the pilot)
900m
crossbar
150m
150m
Side row barrette
(extend 270m) 侧边灯 Longitudinal rvals:30m
3) Color and form of shining: colored flashes (at land:green;at water: yellow) alternating with white flashes or white flashes only 4)direction: at all angles of azimuth
Visual navaids on aerodrome (Ⅱ)-lighting systems
Ⅰ General requirements
Lights
which may endanger the safety of aircraft & may cause confusion : that non-aeronautical ground light / (shall) be extinguished, screened or modified
Ⅳ Approach lighting system
Simple approach lighting system
precision approach categoryⅠlighting system
precision approach categoryⅡ&Ⅲ lighting system
Aerodrome identification beacon 1) using period: at night 2) location: on or adjacent to the aerodrome in an area of low ambient background lighting 3)orientation: (if the aerodrome is at land) at all angles of azimuth 4) color: at a land :flashing green at water: flashing yellow 5)transmition:the International Morse Code 莫尔斯代码
simple approach lighting system 1 application 1) shall; to serve a non-precision approach RWY 2)should; to serve a non-precision approach RWY; code number is 3 or 4;at night
Ⅱ
Using
Emergency lighting
period: the primary runway in the event of failure of the normal lighting system. Color: conform to the color requirements for RWY lighting
Ⅴ visual approach slope indicator
system 目视下滑道坡度指示系统
Purpose :to serve approach • Conditions of using it similar approach guidance requirements pilot have difficulty in judging the approach the presence of objects physical conditions (undershooting or overrunning) terrain or meteorological conditions
Ⅲ aerodrome beacon &
aerodrome identification beacon
Aerodrome
beacon 1) using period: at night generally 2) location: on or adjacent to the aerodrome in an area of low ambient background lighting; not shielded by objects in significant directions; not dazzle a pilot approaching to land.
Light control Some systems can be operated at compatible intensities: Approach lighting system RWY edge lights RWY threshold lights RWY end lights RWY centre line lights RWY touchdown zone lights Taxiway centre line lights
Longitudinal intervals:30m
150m 150m
crossbar
横排灯
150m
characteristics
Centre line & crossbar lights: fixed variable white lights Each barrette（短排灯）: supplemented by a capacitor discharge light (电容放电灯). (frequency: twice a in sequence; outermost part ☞innermost part; operate independently)
•
ps: “ A” means “abbreviation”
VASIS & AVASIS
3-BAR VASIS & 3-BAR AVASIS
composition
T-VASIS & AT-VASIS
PAPI & APAPI
VASIS 1 disposition of VASIS twelve light units; in upwind and downwind position; symmetrically; two pairs of wing bars(翼排灯) 2 arrangement a white color in its upper part; a red color in its lower part
Lights
intensity 1) adequate intensity& directional light 2) relative intensity: The conspicuity of a light depends on the impression received of contrast between the light and its background. 3) two relative factors of intensity: the condition of background brightness and the visibility
420m
characteristics
a)
b) c)
d)
Barrette: variable white (first 300m from the threshold); length(=>4m);intervals(=<1.5m) Crossbar: fixed variable white; intervals(=<2.7m) Two kinds of composition of each center line lights beyond 300m from the threshold: a barrette (capacitor discharge light; twice a second in sequence) / two light sources in the central 300m of center line, three light sources in the outer 300m of center line Side row lights (barrette): red