上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2007年3月

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2007年3月
一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。

Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）
第1题
Directions:Translate the UNDERLINED PARTS of the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to management.
In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite, a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".
In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Druckers, "and we will pay a heavy price for it. \
【正确答案】：
答案:
彼得·德鲁克在去世前早就是一个传奇人物。

在其著述丰沛的95年岁月里，他是一个真正意义上的开拓者，宗教、哲学和政治学的导师。

但是，显而易见他最重要的贡献是在工商领域。

犹如凯恩斯之于经济学，德鲁克则之于工商管理。

上世纪80年代，德鲁克开始对工商业乃至资本主义制度本身产生了深深的怀疑。

他不再把公司看作是创建社团的理想之所。

事实上，他看到的几乎是相反的一面：在公司里，一己私利已胜过他长期捍卫的平等原则。

在他的著述和演讲中，他都表现出自己是公司化美国最重要的批判者之一。

在联合大企业风靡之时，他竭力
反对不顾后果的兼并和收购。

当企业主管人从事建立帝国的时候，他据理反对公司的人员超编，反对众多的“助理”们办事效率低下。

在1984年所写的一篇文章中，他令人信服地指出首席执行官的薪水上涨已失控，恳请董事会将他们的薪金报酬控制在普通员工所得的20倍以内。

他认为高达数百万美元的离职金已经将管理层引入歧途，使得他们只顾及自身利益。

特别令其愤怒不已的是这样一种倾向，即公司管理人在解雇数以千计的工人的同时却攫取巨大的收益。

他写道：“这样做在道德上、社会道义上是不可原谅的。

我们将为此付出沉重的代价。

”
[本题分数]： 50.0 分
【答案解析】
二、Reading Comprehension（共20小题,共40.0分）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best.
第1题
When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin-the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.
The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "Smiley-An American Icon" opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass. Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.
As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal。