复合句讲解练习.doc

复合句
英语句子按照句子的功能或使用目的，可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。

按照句子的结构可分为简单句、并列句和夏合句。

复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。

主句是复合句的主体, 从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立，不能单独存在，在句中作某一成分，如宾语.状语.定语。

从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。

宾语从句
%1.宾语从句的分类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语(或直宾)、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从旬。

That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如：She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2.由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best.
I don't know why the train is late.
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句° If和whether在
句中的意思是“是否例如：
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
4.下列结构后而的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be soiTy / afraid / sure / glad +that 从句，如：I'm soiTy Vm late. I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment.
%1.宾语从句的语序
无论主句足什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。

例如：I think (that) you will like this school soon.
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
Please tell me when we'll have the meeting.
%1.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：
I hear (that) physics isn't easy.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时■态(一般过去II寸，过去进行口寸，过去将来时，过去完成时)。

例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon after he graduated from the college.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。

例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. he teacher asked the boy if the earth js round.
%1.其它注意事项
1.宾语从句的变换步骤：
(1).确定引导词：that (陈述句)if/ whether(—般疑问句)what / when等(殊疑问句)
(2).时态一致：如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时,从句时态保持不变.如果主句是一•般过去时，时态必须一致，即用过去的相应时态，客观真理除外.
3).转换语序：三大动词与主语颠倒位置,do / does / did去掉，谓语作相应变化.
2.当主句的主语是第一人称I/wc,谓语动词是think , believe, suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移"。

例如:I don't think he is right. I don't believe he will come.另外，要注意：这种句子变否定句和一般疑问句时变主句，但完成反义疑问句时要看从句。

3.宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词+动词不定式I don't know what I should do next—I don't know what to do next.
4.if, whether辨析:if和whether都可作"是否”讲, 在引导宾语从句时一•般可互换。

但有些情况例外。

在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if：
1)引导主语从句和表语从句时。

例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
2)引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时。

例如：I haven't made up my mind whether to go there or not. Could you tell me whether you go or not?
3)当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用if We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
4)if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用
whether.例如：You can't work out the plan out if you don1 2 3 4 5t have the meeting .
【中考实战演练】
%1.单项填空
( )1.1 don't know if it tomorrow.If it J will
not go fishing. A. rains;rains B. rain; will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain ()2.Could you tell me?
A.where does Li Lei work
B. where did Li Lei work
their temperature taken.
A. they had had
B. have they had
C.they have had
D. had they had ( )16.Could you tell me?
A.what the matter is with you
B. what was the matter with you
C. What's the matter with you
D.what's the wrong with you .
( )17.1 am sure you said is true.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who
( )18. The old man told us and.
A. to do what, to do how
B. what to do it, how to do it
C.what to do, how to do it
D. what to do , how to do ( )19.1 don't remember he worked in that
city when he was young.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. who
( )20. The photograph will show you.
A. what docs our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like
%1.句型转换：
LWhcn docs the train airivc ? Could you tell me ?
Could you tell me the train.
2.1think he will come in a week.(否定句)
I think he come in a week.
3.1really know which one I should choose.
I really don't know which one.
4 Does Mrs. Brown enjoy living here?Could you tell
me ?(宾语从句)Could you tell me Mrs.
Brown living here?
5 Jim can't decide what he should do next.(同义句)
Jim can't decide what next.
6.1think he has been to Beijing before,?
7.1don't think he will come tomorrow,?
8.They aren't right. I think (合成一句)1 think
they right.
9.1think he is right.(同义句)
I think he wrong. C. where Li Lei works D. where Li Lei worked ( )3.She said she would leave the message on
the headmaster's desk .
A.that
B. where
C. which
D. when ( )4.The teacher told us that the moon round
the earth. A. went B. travels C. turned D. went ( )5. Would you please tell me?
A.when did he come home
B.where he would play football
C.if he had seen the film
D.why he didn't watch the game
( )6. Do you know during the coming
summer holiday?
A. what w山Tom do
B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do
D. what Tom did
( )7.1 want to know.
A. what is his name
B. what's his name
C. that his name is
D. what his name is
( )8. Do you know I could pass the exam?
A. that
B. whether
C. what
D. which
( )9. Do you know?Fm not sure. Maybe
he is a doctor. A. who he is B. who is he
C. what he does
D. what does he do
( )10.Thc teacher told us that the sun in the cast.
A. rise
B. rises
C. rose
D. will rise
( )11. —Could you tell me the Bamboo Garden?—The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit
B. when you will visit
C. when would you visit
D. when you would visit ( )12. Would you please tell me next,
Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what ( )13. —Could you tell me?
•一Sorry, 1 don't know. I was not at the meeting.
A. what does he say at the meeting
B.what did he say at the meeting
C.what he says at the meeting
D.what he said at the meeting
( )14. —Could you tell me last night?
Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.
A. what you were doing
B. what were you doing
C. what you arc doing
D. what arc you doing ( )15. Every morning the patients are asked if
these —>those today —that day ago —>befbre
10. We found him a good pupil. We found a good pupil.
11. His grandfather died ten years ago. It _____ t en years
his grandfather .
12. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
（改为宾语从句）1 don't know the watch
made in Shanghai.
13. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复
合句）Lucy hasn f t decided buy. 14.1 don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简 单句）I don f t know to
the hospital.
15.Tom's father saw him sitting on some eggs.（改为复 合
句）Tom's father saw sitting on some eggs. 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。

I don't think Mary.
2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Sam told me that he for Shanghai.
3. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he a new computer..
4. 叔叔说他正在写一木新小说。

Uncle said that he a new novel.
5. 杰克说他有重耍事情要做。

Jack said he something important to do.
二.改错题：
1. Can you tell me jf he will come or not tomorrow ? A
B
CD
（ ） __________
2. Could you tell me how can I get there?
A B CD
（） _____________
直接引语如何变为间接引语
1. 直接引语是陈述句：变为间接引语时，用连接词thal
引导（that 在口语中常常省略）,主句中谓语said to sb.要改为told sb.例如：
'Til go to your farm tomorrow”，he said to her —He told her that he would go to her farm the next day. 巧记顺口
溜：取掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活，时 态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。

2. 直接引语是-•般疑问句：变为间接引语时，用连接 词if / whether 引导，said to 要改为asked,没有间 接宾语可
以加一 •个。

He said, "Are you interested in English^He asked me if I was interested in English.
巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加if,陈述语序要记住，时态 人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。

3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句：变为间接引语时，用它本 身
的疑问词引导。

"What do you want ? he asked me^He asked me what I wanted.
巧记顺口溜：疑问词引导，陈述莫忘记，小心助动 词，弃它最重要。

4. 直接引语是祈使句：变为间接引语时，句子的谓语 动
伺要选用含有祈使句意义的动词，如tell,
ask ,order 等，引语的动词改为不定式。

如果祈使句 是否
定式，在动词不定式前加not.例如：
"Stop talking'the monitor said to the class —The monitor told the class to stop talking.
“Don't take off your coat” she said to her sistef^She told her sister not to take off her coat.
巧记顺口溜：取掉引号要加to, tell / ask 要记住，直 引若是否定式，not 加在to 前部。

直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项：
1. 人称变化：一主二宾三不变
2. 时态变化：如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时， 则
从句可•以用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时， 则从句用相应的过去的某个时态。

如果所述的是科 学真理、客观事实、格言等，间接引语中的时态无 须改变。

3. 指示代词：this —>that
4. 时间状语:now —>then yesterday->the day before
tomonow-^the next day next week —
>the next week
5. 地点状语：here —>there
6.
动词：
come —>go bring —>take
t 中考实战演练】
一、根据上句完成下句，每空一词，意思不能改变。

1 . “ How are you feeling now?” The doctor asked Tom.
（改为间接引语）
The doctor asked Tom how feeling then.
2 .Mother said to me, "Don't go alone at night."（改为
简单句）Mother told me go alone at night.
3 . “I will ring you up tomorrow” He said to me.（间接
引语）He me he ring me up the next day.
4.She said," I have been to Beijing twice”
She said that been to Beijing twice.
5.He said,"Did you see Tom last night?” He asked me
I Tom night.
6Light travels faster than sound^The teacher said.
The teacher said that light faster than sound.
7John asked if I understood what the man was saying. John asked, "you what the man
_______ saying.
8.She asked when the sports meeting would begin.
She asked, "the sports meeting?”
9.Father told Joan not to be late for the meeting.
Father said,"late for the meeting, please.”
10." 1 will come here this evening” shesaid.
She said that evening.
状语从句
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，日的状语从句, 让步状语从句。

1.时间状语从句
（1）时间状语从句常用由when , before , after（通常可转换为not...until ）,si nee （自从…以来,时态为主现从过）as soon as （一...就，时态为主将从
现,when,until,after,be fore 也有此用法）,until/ till （意为“直到”,主句通常为否定句）while（就在…时,常用进行时态）连词来引导。

例如:When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. When John an*ivcd, I was cooking lunch.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came toChina. （2）在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（即主将从现）。

例如: ril ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
⑶在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到...... 时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到.....・才......”，“在......以前不......”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

例如：
Let's wait until the rain stops.
He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. Don't get off until the bus stops.
2.条件状语从句
⑴条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as （只要）等引导。

例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don't leave the building unless I tell you to.
Unless you hurry, you'll miss the early bus.
（2）在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现c例如：rn help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won't be late unless he is ill.
（3）祈使句+ and / or +简单句（常用将来时），.在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，通常可转换为If/Unless引导的条件状语从句。

例如：Study
hard ,and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus.
—> Unless you hurry up, you'll miss the early bus.
=If you don't hurry up, miss the early bus.
3.原因状语从句
（1）原因状语从句通常由由because （因为）、since （既然）、as（由于）> for（由于）等引导。

because表示直接原因，语气最强。

Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。

回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseo As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。

由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。

for 用来补充说明一种理由，For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。

例如：I decided to stop and have lunch,for I was feeling quite hungry.
---Why aren't going there? ---Because I don'l want to. Tom was late for school this morning because he missed the early bus.
As he has no car, he can't get there easily.
Since we are all here, Let's begin .
Because与so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。

例如:我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor."这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.o
对because引导的原因状语从句提问时，特殊疑问词用
why,然后转换为一般疑问句.如果主句是否定句，变为一般疑问旬否定词要提前.
例如：He didn't come to school because he was ill. 一Why didn't he come to school?
4.结果状语从句
（1）结果状语从句由so...that或such., that （如此...以致）引导。

其肯定形式通常可以转换为... enough to;其否定形式通常转换too...to.也可由so that （因此）引导。

例如：Fm so tired that I can't walk any farther.
She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn't see it. 一些重要句型转换：
1 ）4t so... that +否定句”与“too... to”的替换eg. He is so young that he can't go to school.
=He is too young to go to school（主、从句主语相同）He ran so fast that we couldn't catch up with him.
=He ran too fast for us to catch up with.（主从句主语不同）
The box is so heavy that I can't carry it
=The box is too heavy for me to carry.（注意carry 后省去宾语it）
2）u so... that + 从句''与“enough to”的替换eg.He's so strong that he can carry the box. =He's strong enough to carry the box.
2）The question is so easy that I can answer it =The question is easy enough for me to answer
（2）so...that语such...that 可以互换。

例如:在由so...that 引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用。

其结构是:"...SO+形容词（副词）+ that+从句例如: He was so glad that he couldn't say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,0（X） people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由such...that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。

如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。

例如:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the inid-tenn exam.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

例如：
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again =Thc film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to niiss it. （3）如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时, 只能用so,不用such。

例如：
Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can't go to the cinema with you.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as...as（其否定式为not so ...as）, 比较级+than...等连词引导。

例如：
Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one.
The work isn't so easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。

6.目的状语从句
（1）目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导，so that可以转换为in order to或to do sth.例如:
We started early so that we could catch the first train. We used the computer in order that we might save time. ⑵so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。

区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。

2）从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确° 例
如:Speak clearly so that they may understand you.（目的状语从句）
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.（结果状语从句）7.让步状语从句
（1）让步状语从句通常由although（though）（虽然），even if / even though（即使）,whatever/whenever / wherever/ however / whoever （no matter + 疑问词）等引导。

例如：Although I am tired, I must go on working. John continued to work hard even if he felt sick.
（2）Though与but不能同时出现，一者只用其一. Though he is young, he knows a lot.
English is too hard, but we can't drop it.
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从旬常常由where来引导。

例如：
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
【中考实战演练】
一.单项填空
（）1 .The twin sisters have learned a lot they came to China .A. when B. as soon as C. since D. after
( )2.1 can't understand this passage there are
no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D.and ( )3.We won't have supper my brother
comes ・ A. after B. since C. while D. until
( )4. -一I hope you'll enjoy your trip, dear!
-Thank you, mum. I'll give you a call I get
there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
( )5.・・・Do you know if he to play basket
ball with us?■一I think he will come if he free tomonow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is
D. will come; will be
( )6. John fell asleep he was listening to
the music.
A. after
B. before
C. while
D. as soon as
( )7. We will stay at home if my aunt to
visit us tomorrow.
A. comes
B. come
C. will come D・ is coming
( )8. The police asked the children cross
the street the traffic lights turned green.
A. not; before
B. don't; when
C. not to; until
D. not; after
( )9.1 was late for class yesterday there
was something wrong with my bike.
A. when
B. that
C. until
D. because
( )10. ■■-This dress was last year's style.—I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year.
A. so that
B. even though
C. as if
D. ever since ( )11. In the exam, the you are,
the mistakes you will make.
A. careful; little
B. more careful; fewest
C. more careful; fewer
D. more careful; less
( )12. You should finish your lessons you
go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while ( )13. When you read the book, you'd belter make a
mark you have any questions.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. though
( )14. The teacher raised his voice all the
students could hear him.
A. for
B. so that
C. because
D. in order
( )15. It is that we'd like to go out for a
walk.
A. a lovely day
B. too lovely a day
C. so lovely a day
D. such lovely a day
( )16. The mountain was steep few
A. so...as
B. so...that
C. as...as
D. too...to
( )17.I felt very tired, I tried to finish the
work.
A. Although
B. Because
C. As
D. As if ( )18. Write to me as soon as you to
Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D・ got ( )19. Mary will go after she her
homework. A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes ( )20. Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin
.A. is B. has C. does D. gives
%1.用所给词的正确形式填空：
1.You(miss ) the train if you don't hurry.
2.Ill give the note to him as soon as he (come).
3.Wc'll go to the park if it(not rain ) tomorrow .
4.Jim(make) many friends since he
(come) to China.
5.You may go out to play when your homework (do).
6.He won't go to bed until he(finish) his homework.
7.While my mother(watch)TV, I
(cook) yesterday
8.1(play) the computer game in the office when they came in.
9.1t(be) nearly two years since we went to the party last.
10.He is hungry, because he(not have ) his breakfast yet.
11.When Tom's mother came home, little Tom (cry) loudly.
12.1(not know) it until you(tell) me.
13.When they got to the theatre,the movie (be)on for a quarter.
14.He(be) better today than he(be) yesterday.
15.Whatever(happen), I(be) on your side.
%1.句型转换。

1.1went to bed after I finished my homework .(l司义句)
I go to bed I finished my homework.
2.Jim didn't come to school this morning because he was ill.（划线提问）
Jim come to school this morning?
3.He is so young that he can't go to school.（同义句）
He is young go to school.
He isn f t old go to school.
4.Study harder, and you'll catch up with the others.（同
义句）
people in our city reached the top.
study harder, you'll catch up with the others.
5.Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.（同义句）
you hurry up, you'll miss the early bus.
6.Water the trees often . they can grow well.（合成一句）Water the trees often they can grow well.
7.We can't finish the work if you don't help us. We
can't finish the work help.
8-The water was so hot that we couldnl drink it.（改为简单句）The water was hot for us drink.
9.My father was very angry with me. He couldn't say a word.（改为夏合句）My father was angry with
me he couldn't say a word.
10.When I saw Tom. I gave the letter to him at once.（同义句）I gave the letter to Tom
I saw him.
11.When Lily was seven years old. She could ride a bike.（I司义句）_________________________ seven,
Lily ride a bike.
12.He didn't go to school because he was ill.（同义句）He didn't go to school his illness.
13.If you don't study hard, you'll fall behind the others/同义句）
you hard, you'll fall behind the others.
14.1t's five years since my grandfather died.（同义句）My grandfather has for five
years.
15.The match is so important that you can't miss it.（MJ 义句）
It*s important match that you can't miss it.
17.The stone is so heavy that I can't lift it.（同义句）
It is heavy stone I can't lift it.
18.Mrs. Smith has taught in our school since he came to Lanzhou last ye ar .（戈U 线提问）has Mrs. Smith taught in your school?
19Jack was very angry. He couldn't speak.（合并为简单句）Jack was angry speak
20.He didn't catch the last bus, so he had to go back on foot.（同义句）He had to walk back he
the last bus.
2LThere are more people in Shanghai than in Tianjin.（同义句）The of Shanghai
is than that of Tianjin.
22.Wei hua is the tallest boy in his class.（同义句）Wei Hua is than boy in his class.
Wei Hua is than boys in his class.
is than Wei Hua of all the boys in his
class.
23.It's a long time since we met last.We
each other for a long time since we met last.
24.We have been here for four years.
It's four years we here.
25.Japanese is not so popular as English.
Japanese is popular English.
26.He has more story-books than 1.1 haven't
many story-books he.
27.Jane prefers English to maths. So docs Ann.
Jane Ann English better
than maths.
28.The room is so small that my family can r t live in it. The room isn't my family
live in.
The room is small my family
______ live in.
29.Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am
ten minutes than Lily.
30.Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.
It's 5 years she the USA
二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。

I am not angry with him, jokes he plays on me.
2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当
做母亲。

Mrs Bruce was kind to her students
they regard her as their mother.
3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。

Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best.
4.他长大后相当一名讪者。

He wants to be a journalist
.
5.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。

Li Ming didn^t come to school ____________________________ .
定语从句
%1.定语从句的功用和结构
在夏合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。

定语从句必须放在先行词之后。

引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。

例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
1949 was the year when the People's Repubic of China founded
This is the place where Chairman Mao
once lived. Eve just met a lady whom I
saw last week.
Have you had everything that you need?
He is the last person that I want to see. The
house in which he lives is very old.
Do you know the reason why she was late
for school?
%1.关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。

关系代词和关系副词乂在定语从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。

I don't like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2.作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3.作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。

例如：
What's the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4.作状语:ril never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
%1.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1、先行词指“人”的定语从句：由who（作主
语）,whom （作宾语），whose （作定语，修饰名词）和that（作主语或宾语）等关系代词引导。

Yao Ming is a famous basketball player who is playing in the NBA..
The singer whom I like best is Jay Chou.
Do you know the singer whose name is Jack?
2.先行词指“事或物”的定语从句:由which;that(作主语或宾语，作主语不可省，作宾语可省略)等关系代词引导。

China is a country which / that has a large population. The movie (whicli/lhat) wc saw last night was very interesting.
3.Fh when;,where ;why (作状语)等关系副词引导的定
语从句。

when用在表示时间的
名词后而;where用在表示地点的名词后而;why用在原
因的后面。

I still remember the day when I first met him.
Can you remember the playground where we played basketball last winter?
This is the reason why I was late this morning.
4.关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间, 有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。

如：That was the room in which wc had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
%1.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1 .只能使用that,不用which的情况：
(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时°例如:
All that he said is true.
Is there anything that you don't need ?
(2)先行词被the only,the last, no, any, all,等词修饰时o 例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. Xian is the last city that I visited.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。

例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的
词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year. This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。

例如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.
(6)当主旬是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。

如: who is the man that opened up the lab.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况：
⑴ 在非限制性定语从中。

例如：The meeting was put oil, which was exactly what wc wanted.
(2)当关系代词作介词的宾语而且介词提到关系代词前而时，用"介词+ which”结构。

例如：This is the school in which I studied ten years ago. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
3.定语从句可简化为短语
(1)定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。

(1)定语从句的谓语(be)后是介伺短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。

(1)定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。

1)1 bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
=I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. = Tell 由e children playing there not to do that.
3)Thc book that is on the tabic is mine.
=The book on the table is inine.
4)We have nothing that we should fear.
=We have nothing to fear.
［中考实战演练】
一.单项填空
( )1 .The Skirt she is wearing is beautiful.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. where
( )2.Most people live in less developed
countries are quite poor .
A. who
B. whom
C. when
D. which
( )3. The young lady wc met yesterday is our
maths teacher.
A. what
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
( )4. This is the cage in Polly lives.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. who
( )5. The letter I received from him
yesterday is very important.
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. that
( )6. ―Who is the man was talking to our
English teacher?—Oh! Il's Mr Baker, our maths teacher A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )7. The man coat is black is waiting at
the gate.
A. who's
B. whose
C. that
D. of which
( )8. George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
( )9. Nobody knows the reason she didn't
come to the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. when
( )10. The moon is a world there is no life.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
( )11. He has forgotten the day he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )12. Mr. White,car had been stolen, came
to the policeman.A. who B. That C. whose D. which ( )13. He got to the village his family
once lived before liberation.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
( )14. This is the house our beloved
Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
( )15. He didn't tell me the place he was
bom. A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )16. He lived in a small village,was a
long way from the railway station.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
( )17.The most important thing we should
pay attention to is the first thing I
have said. A. which, that B. that, which C.
which, which D. that, that
( )18.This is the only one of these books that worth reading.A. has B. have C. is D. arc
( )19. That's all I have seen and heard.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. what ( )20. He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which 二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
1.The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
2.This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
3.The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
4.1enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last。