英语国际音标发音讲解

英语国际音标发音

一、英语字母与英语音素：

1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。它们的音标分别是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / əʊ /, /ju:/。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。

2. 英语音素：48个。元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。

3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。

4. 单元音：

前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/

中元音：/ʌ/ / ɜ: / /ə/

后元音 : / / ɒ / /u: / /ʊ/ / ɑ:/

5. 双元音：

合口双元音：/ɑʊ/ /əʊ/ /ɑI/ /ↄI/ /eI/

集中双元音：/Iə/ /eə/ /ʊə/

6. 辅音：

英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ /ө/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ӡ/ /h/ /r/

英语破擦辅音：/ʧ/ /ʤ/

英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /ƞ/

英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /ł/

英语半元音：/w/ /j/

英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/

二、英语音素与练习：

（1）元音音素：

1. 单元音：

前元音：

/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet, green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need,

feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak,

weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep,

people, free, speak, season, reason,

/I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit, pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill,

pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy,

wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious

/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed, west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend,

tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, , ten, seven,

end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson,

very, says, said, many,any

/æ/： fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad, sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have,

catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage,

family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act,

happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen,

handsome, math, taxi,

中元音：

/ʌ/ ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck, luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother,

other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number,

nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money,

much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble,

something, some, just, supper, country,

/ɜ:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third, thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early, turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard,