美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 15 Religions and Faith[精]

Text A
America During and After World War I
TEXT A Preview
清教，基督教新教派别之一，16世纪出现于 英国,承认《圣经》为唯一权威，反对国王和天主 教的专制。1620年，102名清教徒乘坐著名的五 月花号（Mayflower）来到美洲的普利茅斯建立 殖民地，他们是英国第一批的新大陆移民，是未 来150年后美国大多数人民的祖先，他们在旅途 中签署的《五月花号公约》成为了未来《独立宣 言》的蓝图。清教徒提倡勤俭清洁的生活，希望 在新大陆上建造自己的山巅之城。同时，他们的 思想即清教主义也对北美殖民地的政治、经济、 文化等方方面面产生了深远影响并对后来美国主 流文化和价值观的形成起到了重要作用。
TEXT A Notes
2.The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than a billion members. Its leader is the Pope who is head of the College of Bishops. The Church defines its mission as sБайду номын сангаасreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity. It operates social programs and institutions throughout the world including schools, universities, hospitals, missions, shelters and charities. The Church teaches that it is the "One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church" founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are consecrated successors of his apostles and that the Pope as the successor of St. Peter possesses a universal primacy of jurisdiction and pastoral care.
TEXT A Notes
3.John Winthrop (12 January 1588– 26 March 1649) obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans, from King Charles I for the Massachusetts Bay Company and led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630. He was elected the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony the year before. Between 1639 and 1648, he was voted out of the governorship and then re-elected a total of 12 times. Although Winthrop was a respected political figure, he was criticized for his obstinacy regarding the formation of a general assembly in 1634, and he clashed repeatedly with other Puritan leaders like Thomas Dudley, Rev. Peter Hobart and others.
Unit 15 Religions and Faith
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing Reading
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to:
1. Have a general idea of Religions and Faith. 2. Understand the history of Religions and Faith. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
TEXT A Notes
1.The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches. The Church also extends to the Isle of Man via the Diocese of Sodor and Man, while the Channel Islands form part of the Diocese of Winchester, and a number of Anglican communities in continental Europe, the former Soviet Union, Turkey and Morocco are formed into the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe.