初中英语被动语态讲义(精品)

被动语态讲义（一）（二）
被动语态（一）
一、基本知识。

英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态 (the Active Voice)
被动语态 (the Passive Voice)
A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

We planted the tree.
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

The tree was planted by us.
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（+by）构成。

(一)被动语态基本用法:
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。

当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。

(二)被动语态的基本结构:
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词+by构成，当不想强调动作执行者时，by可省略，时态通过be表现出来。

be + 过去分词
注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态
不同时态的具体结构：
1.一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
3. 现在完成时：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
Three bridges ____ since last year.
A. have built
B. were built
C. have been built
4. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词
More man-made satellites ____ in the future.
A. will send up
B. will be sent up
C. are sent up
5. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Flowers ____ every day.
A. has been watered
B. should be watered
C. should water
6. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
The students are cleaning the classroom now.
The classroom is being cleaned now.
现在学生们正在打扫教室。

(are cleaning变为is being cleaned) 7. 过去进行时：was / were + being + done
The workers were mending the road at that time yesterday.
The road was being mended at that time yesterday.
昨天那个时候这些工人正在修路。

歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
(三)主动语态变被动语态：
（四）被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.
课堂练习：
一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。

1.We often use a recorder in our English class.
2.They will show a new film next week.
3.When did they build the house?
4.I saw the boy enter the room.
5.Will they show a new film next week?
6.We often see him help his classmate.
7.You must turn off the light before you go to bed.
8.Who is repairing the bike?
9.The student should learn all the texts by heart.
二、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。

1. Can he ________ (speak) English?
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country?
3. The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8. Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10. I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
三、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。

1. English ________ (speak) in many countries.
2. Information in short-term memory ___________ (can, not, keep) very long.
3. After that, one of the lights __________ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes ___________ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
5. It is said new copies of the book _______ (print) now.
6. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.
7. In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
8. Needless to say, the second list of words ___________ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.
9. She _______ (send) to another village when I got there.
10. The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance sometime next month if we failed in the exam.
被动语态（二）
一、被动语态的特殊情况:
1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to 的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room.
He was heard to sing this song in the room.
2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day.
He was made to work 14 hours a day.
3) I see him walk to school.
He is seen to walk to school.
2.不用被动语态的动词：
小练习：Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any（纠正句中的错误）1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball．
2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university．
3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?
4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day．
5)His plan is sounded good．
二、时态语态练习。

（一）单项选择。

1. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
B. were caused
C. have caused
D. will cause
2. An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.
A. is interviewing
B. is interviewed
C. was interviewing
D. was interviewed
3. Today a lot of information can _____ online.
A. receive
B. be received
C. is received
D. receiving
4. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year.
A. plant
B. planted
C. were planted
D. are planted
5. Driving after drinking wine in China.
A. allows
B. doesn't allow
C. is allowed
D. isn't allowed
6. Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep
B. has kept
C. will be kept
D. has been kept
7. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year.
A. see
B. will see
C. are seeing
D. are seen
（二）将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。

1. They will say nothing more about this matter.
2. They have made some flowers of silk.
3. He wrote a poem.
4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.
5. They are to open up a new business next week.
6. Children couldn’t have done all this damage.
7. All of us will see him off at the airport.
8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.
9. You must hand in your homework before five.
10. People say that she is a good teacher.
（三）根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。

尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。

1.树要在春天种;
2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;
3.把树放进坑里,扶直;
4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;
5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;
6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来;
7.浇好水
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