语言学复习提纲

英语语言学导论复习提纲

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.

1.affix p37

2.affricate

3.applied linguistics

4.articulatory phonetics

5.aspiration

6.back-formation

7.blending

8.bound morpheme

9.broad transcription

plementary distribution

ponential analysis

12.context

13.Conversational implicature

14.deep structure

15.duality

16.free morpheme

17.homonymy

18.idiolect

19.illocutionary act

20.indirect speech act

21.inflection

22.linguistic sexism

23.morpheme

24.Move α

25.narrow transcription

26.perlocutionary act

27.phatic communion

28.phoneme

29.phonology

30.pidgin

31.predication

32.presupposition

33.register

34.relational opposites

35.speech community

36.supresegmental features

37.tone

38.trace

39.utterance

40.voiceless

VI. Answer the following questions.

1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an

utterance

ment with at least three examples on the following statement:”There is undoubtedly no

single cause of language change.”

3.Do you think that the pictographic characters in Chinese such as 人、日、火contradict with

one of the design features of language —— arbitrariness? Why or why not?

4.Explain what is sense and what is reference with examples

5.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they

are related

6.For what reasons does modern linguistics give priority to speech rather than to writing?

7.How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?

8.How is language related to society?

9.How is Saussure`s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky`s distinction

between competence and performance?

10.How is utterance meaning different from sentence meaning?

11.What are derivational affixes and inflectional affixes? Give examples to show their different

functions.

12.What are the four major views concerning the study of meaning?

13.What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your examples to show how flouting these

maxims gives rise to particularized conversational implicatue.

14.What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?

15.What are the three branches of phonetics? How do they contribute to the study of speech

sounds?

16.What contribution did Saussure make to modern linguistics?

17.What is blending, abbreviation and back formation?

18.What is entailment and what is presupposition? Give examples to illustrate

19.What is the difference between competence and performance, according to Noam Chomsky?

20.What is the difference between Sense and Reference in semantic study? Explain with

examples

21.What is the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning？

22.What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?

23.Why is language defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

communication?

24.Why is syntax regarded as a system of rules?

25.Why is the word order in Modern English more rigid than that in Old English?