7 记叙文类的“读写任务”写作指导

“读写任务”记叙文类写作指导

佛山市南海九江中学谭燕平

资料来源：《广东教育·高中》杂志2008年第9期

读写任务体现了英语课程标准的基本理念，是高中课程改革之后高考英语试题的亮点之一。然而，考生要在短短的30分钟内，阅读完200词左右的短文，在理解全文的基础上，再用大约30词高度概括文章的内容要点，还要进行议论或记叙，最后成文。这对大部分考生来说确非易事。笔者在教学实践中发现，可以按照不同的阅读文体，用一些相对固定的写作模板来进行写作。本文就谈谈如何写记叙文类的读写任务。

首先，请看下面一道读写任务写作题：

读写任务

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

A few months ago, Peter worked for a short time as a cashier at a restaurant. He also helped clear the tables when it was especially busy. One night, just before Christmas, he found a large black wallet on the floor near one of the tables. He guessed he should have checked it for the owner’s identification, but he was very busy at the time. Also, he figured that if the wallet contained anything valuable, the owner would be back. Sure enough, an hour later a man came up to the counter and asked if anyone had found a wallet. Peter asked him to describe the lost wallet, and after he had described it exactly, he gave the man the wallet. He seemed greatly relieved when Peter handed it to him.

The man asked Peter if he had opened it, and when he was told “No”, he at once opened it and revealed nearly $1,000 in cash. He took out a 20-dollar bill and handed it to Peter. Peter pushed it back. “Bless you for saving my Christmas plans. It’s people like you who make everything in the world look good,” the man said and then turned and walked away.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括短文要点；

2. 然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写一次助人为乐的经历，并包括以下要点：

(1)叙述一次助人为乐的真实或虚构的经历，你或你身边的人是帮助者或受助者；

(2)你或你身边的人遇到了什么事情；

(3)事情最后的结局

[写作要求]

1. 可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构组织故事，但不能直接引用原文中的句子；

2. 标题自拟。

解题指导

本短文为记叙文，概括记叙文的大意时，应抓住记叙文六要素中最重要的部分进行概括，没有必要面面俱到，切忌描述过多的细节。在概括记叙文时，可按下列步骤进行。

1. 围绕以下几个问题找到文章要点。

(1)谁做了什么？(Who did What?)

本文对此的回答是：Peter found a wallet but did not keep it for himself. (在第一段找答案)

(2)结果怎样？(What was the result?)

本文对此的回答是：Peter waited for the owner to return to claim it, and he refused the owner’s reward. (在第一、二段找答案)

(3)文章揭示了什么？(假如原文没有提及时，概括时则不用考虑此问题)

2. 将对问题所回答的内容连接起来。

用适当的时态和人称连接所回答的内容，便是“短文的概括”了。如：

The passage tells us that Peter found a wallet but didn’t keep it for himself. Instead, he waited for the owner to return to claim it. However, he refused the owner’s reward.

3. 根据记叙的内容要点确定记叙内容。

由所给三个要点，我构思如下内容：我父亲曾承诺，如果我语、数、英三科都在80分以上，他就带我去日本旅游。四个月后期末考试时，我真的做到了，就在本打算暑假去日本旅游时，得知表妹上大学不够学费。于是，我决定放弃旅游，将这笔钱资助表妹上大学。

4. 考虑所需时态语态及关键词句等。

根据上一步所构想的内容，思考可能用到哪些关键词语或句式，以及时态和人称等。

(1)为了把读者引入你要写的一次经历，可用以下的句子引入：

What Peter did reminds me of a story that happened two years ago.

What Peter did reminds me of my own experience….

(2)叙述过去的经历，注意用过去时态。如：

a. got; worked; paid …(一般过去时)

b. had promised; had made … (过去完成时)

c. was\were discussing…. (过去进行时)

d. would take; …(过去将来时)

(3)列出你写这一经历时可能用到的词汇与句式：

a. work hard for…

b. pay off

c. be admitted into a key university

d. can’t afford to +V.

e. It’s hard to + V…

f. make+ O.+ O.C.

g. spend some time \ some money on sth.\ in doing sth.

h. thanks to sth.\sb.

i. make great progress in ….

j. It is + 被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语）+ that+ 句子其余部分

k. 定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等复合句式

(4)叙述你自己的一次经历时，全文的主体人称应为第一人称：“I”“ me”“my”“myself”等。

(5)事情最后的结局：言简意赅交代结果后，别忘了就此经历谈点本人的感想或感悟。如可用Leave for…; can tell from…; make a …decision等。

5. 连词成文。

根据构想的内容，将上述考虑所用到的词句等写成一篇连贯的短文。

参考范文：

Help Is Sweet Dew

The passage tells us that Peter found a wallet but didn’t keep it for himself. Instead, he waited for the owner to return to claim it. However, he refused the owner’s reward. (32 words) What Peter did reminds me of a story that happened two years ago. My father had promised that if I got over 80 in my Chinese, maths and English exams, he would take me to travel to Japan during the summer vacation. I worked very hard for nearly four months, and finally my hard work paid off.

However, when we were discussing the details of the plan, my father received a call from my aunt. He was told that my cousin had been admitted into a famous university in Beijing, but they could not afford to pay the university fees unless some relatives offered to help. I really wanted to go to Japan, but decided to cancel my trip and give the money to my cousin instead.

When my cousin left for Beijing in September, I could tell from his sweet smile that I had made a correct decision.