液压阀弹簧座毕业设计说明书
压紧弹簧座模具设计说明书
塑性成形工艺与模具设计课程设计说明书设计题目：压紧弹簧座拉深模具设计班级：机械114班姓名：程旗凯学号： 11550411指导教师：李凝2014年12月目录第1章概述 (1)1.1研究课题的目的和意义 (1)1.2国内外研究概况及发展趋势 (1)第2章冲压件工艺性分析 (4)2.1课题设计 (4)2.2工艺性分析 (5)2.3毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式的确定 (5)2.3.1毛坯尺寸确定 (5)2.3.2搭边值选取 (6)2.3.3 排样和材料的利用 (6)2.4冲模结构的确定 (8)第3章主要设计计算 (9)3.1拉深工艺规划 (9)3.1.1拉深次数的确定 (9)3.1.2拉深尺寸计算 (10)3.1.3拉深工艺力计算 (11)3.2冲裁工艺规划 (11)3.3压力机吨位确定 (12)3.4压力中心的确定 (13)3.5凸，凹模尺寸计算 (14)第4章模具总体设计 (16)4.1模具类型的选择 (16)4.2定位方式的选择 (16)4.3卸料﹑出件方式的选择 (16)4.3.1 出件方式选择 (16)4.3.2 卸料方式选择 (16)4.4导向方式的选择 (17)4.5拉深凸模结构的设计 (17)4.6凹模结构的设计 (17)4.7凸凹模的的结构设计 (19)第5章模具装配与冲压设备校核 (21)5.1模具装配 (21)5.2冲压设备的选择 (22)5.3模具闭合高度的校核 (22)第1章概述1.1研究课题的目的和意义近年来，由于模具技术的迅速发展，模具设计与制造已成为一个行业越来越来引起人们的重视。
模具是现代工业生产中重要的工艺装备，他在各种生产行业,特别是冲压和塑料成形加工中，应用极为广泛。
我国模具工业总产值中，冲压模具的产值约为50％。
现代模具技术的发展，在很大程度上依赖于模具标准化的程度，优质模具材料的研究，先进的模具设计和制造技术，专用的机床设备及高水平的生产技术管理等等，但其中模具设计是至关重要的一个方面。
阀体的设计 毕业设计说明书
第一章阀门的设计一、设计目的随着社会的不断发展，人们的生活水平也在不断的提高，家家户户都告别了原来的手压井，用上了自来水。
为了防止有人在停水时打开水龙头而忘记了及时的关闭造成了水资源的浪费。
我们根据实际的需求为广大人民群众设计出了这样一套很实用而且特别的水阀—停水自动关闭阀。
这套设计不是很完美，但是真的很实用。
二、停水自动关闭阀门的创新与特色简介该停水自动关闭水阀在原有的相关的水阀的基础上，改进了它的结构，使其结构更加简单，操作方便，便于安装，更适合与大众的使用要求。
在该停水自动关闭水阀中，运用了回复杆，它可以更好的完成来水时必须手动打开水阀的这一工作过程。
三、设计方案的拟定在最近一个月的时间里，我和本组的其他成员团结合作，通过在图书馆及上网查阅相关资料和反复的讨论，对设计创新的停水自动关闭阀门进行零件图、装配图及立体图的绘制，在老师的指导下对图形及方案进行了反复的修改，经过十几天的不懈努力，对创新的停水自动关闭阀门设计出了两套方案。
下面结合图形1-1和图形1-2对两套方案功能、原理、用途及其优缺点方面进行比较和分析：方案一：此方案结构简单、便于操作、安装放置方便，如图1-1所示。
该水阀由阀体（1）、阀芯（2）、阀盖（3）、回复弹簧（5）、回复杆（6）等零件构成。
当无水时，阀芯靠自身的重力下落到如图1-1所示的位置挡住进水口，使得水阀处于关闭状态，回复弹簧恢复到原始位置，回复杆挡在阀芯上方，阻止阀芯在来水时向上运动，达到来水时水阀不会自动打开的效果。
当来水正常用水时，将回复杆向外拔出，通过水的压力及水的浮力图1-1 设计方案一图方案二：此方案结构简单，便于操作，由阀体（1）、阀芯（2）、阀盖（3）压簧（4）、阀杆（5）、手柄（6）等零件构成。
该装置如图1-2所示位置放置，当无水时，靠压簧（4）的压力把阀芯压到如图所示位置，使得水阀处于关闭状态；在有水情况下用户要用水时，拉动手柄（6）由于水的最小压力大于压簧的压力，阀芯处于进水口右端位置，进水口和出水口均处于打开状态，使得阀处于正常流通状态。
油阀座毕业说明书
章、所给定的零件是凿岩机注油器上的油阀座，左端通过Rc3/4与主机相连，一管套穿过油壶壳体与Φ24.513.0+㎜孔焊接，高压气体从左端进入阀座，在负压作用下，油壶内油从Φ2㎜孔流至Φ22㎜孔与高压气体混合后成雾状从套管喷出。
Φ16H10孔装入油量调节装置，缺口标志油量调节范围。
油阀座共有两组加工表面。
现分述如下：第一组加工表面包括：1、Φ63㎜的外圆，Φ24.513.0+㎜的内孔，2、Φ22㎜的内孔以及Rc3/4锥孔，3、60°锥角，1×45°倒角，4、2个Φ2㎜的通孔，一个Φ5㎜，一个Φ3㎜孔图1.1 油阀座章、零件材料为ZG45，采用砂型机器铸造。
从文献[1]中可查出其公差等级为IT8～IT10，尺寸公差1.6～3.2㎜,加工余量4～5㎜，毛坯为实心，以如图的过水平中心线与Φ24㎜圆柱体相垂直的平面为分型面。
加工前进行退火处理。
由于零件年产量为60000件，已达到大批生产的水平，而且零件的轮廓尺寸不大，故可采用砂型机器铸造。
这从提高生产率、保证加工精度上考虑，也是应该的。
基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一。
基面选择得正确与合理，可以使加工质量得到保证，生产率得以提高。
否则，加工工艺过程问题百出，更有甚者，还会造成零件大批报废，使生产无法正常进行。
如图2.1图2.1 分型面作为粗基准的表面应平整，没有飞边、毛刺或其它表面欠缺。
对一般的轴类零件而言，以外圆作为粗基准是完全合理的，本零件选用不加工表面Φ32外圆柱面作为粗基准。
采用Φ32外圆柱面作为粗基准加工内孔可以保证空的壁厚均匀，而且便于装夹。
主要应该考虑基准重合的问题。
阀座的右端面和Φ22孔既是装配基准，又是设计基准，用它们作精基准，能使加工遵循“基准重合”的原则，实现阀座零件“一面两孔”的典型定位方式；其余各面和孔的加工也能用它定位，这样使工艺路线遵循了“基准统一”的原则。
图2.2 主要加工尺寸油阀座零件材料为ZG45，强度和切削性能良好，塑性、韧性较低。
液压阀设计说明书
液压阀设计说明书
一、产品信息
1. 名称：__________
2. 型号：__________
3. 生产商：__________
二、适用范围
1. 适用于各类液压系统
2. 控制流体的方向、压力和流量
三、设计原则
1. 高效节能，减少能耗
2. 确保可靠性和耐用性
四、主要部件
1. 阀体、阀芯、弹簧和密封件
2. 连接接口和控制元件
五、技术参数
1. 工作压力：____MPa
2. 流量范围：____L/min
3. 工作温度：____℃
六、安装要求
1. 安装在稳固的支架上
2. 确保连接管道无泄漏
七、操作维护
1. 定期检查阀体和密封件
2. 清洁外部，保持干净
八、安全注意事项
1. 操作前确保系统断电
2. 避免超压和超温运行
发布方（盖章）：_______________ 日期：____年__月__日。
A-T Controls NS系列弹簧座双塞旋钮阀门安装与维护指南说明书
Contents1SCOPE (2)2INSTALLATION (2)3VALVE OPERATION (3)4DISASSEMBLY (4)5STORAGE (4)6REPAIR KITS (4)8BILL OF MATERIALS (5)9STUD & BOLT SIZING (7)1SCOPE1.1CAUTION1.1.1For your safety, read this manual before installation or servicing.1.1.2Before installing or servicing, please ensure the line pressure has been relieved and any hazardous fluids havebeen drained or purged from the system.1.1.3Ensure that all Lockout and Tagout procedures for the system have been properly implemented.1.2USE1.2.1A-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves are available in lug and wafer style designs and arecompatible with ANSI B16.5 Class 125/150 flanges. Wafer style valves are also compatible with EN1092-2 PN10/16 flanges.1.2.2Maximum results and optimum valve life can be maintained under normal service conditions and in accordancewith pressure/temperature ratings and corrosion data chart.2INSTALLATION2.1A-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves are bi-directional and can be installed with the flow in eitherdirection. The valve can be mounted in any position so that the handle, gear, or actuator has proper clearance, can be easily accessed, and the open/close indicator can be viewed. If the gear is equipped with a chain wheel, the valve shall be mounted in a way so that the chain does not come in contact with the valve or pipeline.2.2Before installation of the valves, the pipe must be flushed clean of dirt, burrs, and welding residues. Failure to do socan cause the seats and sealing surfaces to be damaged.2.3The pipe must be free from tension and in proper alignment.2.4Before installation of the valves, check to ensure that all flange seals are free from defects.IMPORTANT NOTE: Flange gaskets shall not be used with A-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated ButterflyValves. The valves have a seal around the seat so that a gasket shall not be used.2.5Before installation of the valves, check to ensure that there is proper clearance for the disc to be able to fully openand close without being obstructed. This is especially important when using sch. 80 pipe as the clearances become smaller. See the NS Series catalog for valve dimensions.2.6A-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves shall be installed in the pipeline completely assembled andopen approximately 5 degrees from the closed position. The valves shall NOT be opened so that the disc is outside of the seat. Do NOT disassemble the valves or remove any handles, gears, or actuators to install.2.7Install the valve in the pipeline and tighten the flange bolts properly per the recommended minimum flange bolttorques in the table below. The bolts shall be torqued in a uniform pattern as to evenly compress the seat forsealing (no flange gaskets shall be used).2.8DEAD-END SERVICEA-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves are rated for bi-directional dead-end service applications.The vulcanized molded seat design of these valves is what gives the valve its bi-directional dead-end servicecapability. The dead-end service rating for these valves follows the standard operating pressures and temperatures given in the catalog. The Dead-End Service White Paper on A-T Controls website can also be referenced for more information.3VALVE OPERATION3.1MANUALCAUTION: A-T Controls recommends a manual gear operator for all valves larger than 6”.3.1.1HANDLES3.1.1.110 Position HandlesTo OPEN the valve; squeeze the handle to unlock it and turn it in the counter-clockwise direction. The handle can be locked in at 10 degree increments to adjust the flow. The valve will be locked into the 90 degree marker and parallel to the pipeline when fully open.To CLOSE the valve; squeeze the handle to unlock it and turn it in the clockwise direction. The handle can belocked in at 10 degree increments to adjust the flow. The valve will be locked into the 0 degree marker andperpendicular to the pipeline when fully closed.Note: The handles contain a pin that can be used to deter unwanted operation. The pin can be removed ifunnecessary per the end user’s requirement. A padlock (not included) can also be used through this hole in the handle to lock out operation of the handle.3.1.1.2Infinite HandlesTo OPEN the valve; loosen the lock bolt & nut to unlock it and turn the handle in the counter-clockwise direction.The handle can be set in infinite positions between fully open and fully closed to adjust the flow. Once in thedesired position, tighten the lock bolt & nut to hold the handle in place. The valve will be fully counter-clockwise and parallel to the pipeline when fully open.To CLOSE the valve; loosen the lock bolt & nut to unlock it and turn the handle in the clockwise direction. Thehandle can be set in infinite positions between fully open and fully closed to adjust the flow. Once in the desired position, tighten the lock bolt & nut to hold the handle in place. The valve will be fully clockwise and perpendicular to the pipeline when fully closed.3.1.2GEARTo OPEN the valve; turn the hand wheel counter-clockwise. The indicator will be pointing to the open position and stop rotating when fully opened. The flow can be adjusted by stopping the indicator anywhere between open and close.To CLOSE the valve; turn the hand wheel clockwise. The indicator will be pointing to the close position and thehand wheel will stop rotating when fully closed. The flow can be adjusted by stopping the indicator anywherebetween open and close.Note: The gears contain a locking device that allows handwheel operation to be locked out through the use of a padlock (not included). The locking device can be removed if unnecessary per the end user’s requirement.3.2AUTOMATEDA-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves can be mounted with quarter turn actuators. Valves with actuators shall be checked for proper valve stem alignment. Angular or linear misalignments may result in high operational torque and unnecessary wear on the valve stem. See the actuator IOM for information on operating the actuator.Note: When closing the valve, the disc will begin to seal on the seat before it is perfectly perpendicular to thepipeline/flow. In certain circumstances this may be desired to reduce the torque required to “close” the valve or when moving from the closed to open position. Gear or actuator stops can be adjusted to achieve the new “closed”position. This would only be recommended for lower pressure applications as A-T Controls only rates the valves to the full pressure differential in the fully closed position.4DISASSEMBLYA-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves are not designed to be repaired and shall be replaced witha new valve in the case of valve failure. This is due to the vulcanized molded seat design which is not able to beseparated from the body and replaced.5STORAGEA-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves should be clean and bagged sufficiently to preventcontamination and stored in a cool, dark place.6REPAIR KITSRepair kits are not available for A-T Controls NS Series Resilient Seated Butterfly Valves as they are not repairable due to the seat being molded to the body.8BILL OF MATERIALS**one bushing(7) not shown is located below lower stem flange bushing(6).# Under normal operation, the O-Ring and Bushings are not subjected to internal media & pressure.# Under normal operation, the O-Ring and Bushings are not subjected to internal media & pressure.9STUD & BOLT SIZING• Lug Stud and Bolt quantities are per side.• A-T Controls recommends using studs to ensure full engagement in tapped holes.• This table is provided by A-T Controls for reference only, it is the end user's responsibility toselect the correct material, grade, and size of fasteners for their application.A-T Controls product, when properly selected, is designed to perform its intended function safely during its useful life. However, the purchaser or user of A-T Controls products should be aware that A-T Controls products might be used in numerous applications under a wide variety of industrial service conditions. Although A-T Controls can provide general guidelines, it cannot provide specific data and warnings for all possible applications. The purchaser / user must therefore assume the ultimate responsibility for the proper sizing and selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of A-T Controls products. The user should read and understand the installation operation maintenance (IOM) instructions included with the product and train its employees and contractors in the safe use of A-T Controls products in connection with the specific application.While the information and specifications contained in this literature are believed to be accurate, they are supplied for informative purposes only. Because A-T Controls is continually improving and upgrading its product design, the specifications, dimensions and information contained in this literature are subject to change without notice. Should any question arise concerning these specifications, the purchaser/user should contact A-T Controls.For product specifications go to https:///Downloads/A-T Controls, Inc. • 9955 International Boulevard, Cincinnati, OH 45246 • Phone: (513) 530-5175 • Fax: (513) 247-5462 • 。
FZY-300液压式半球阀阀座装配机工作装置设计-任务书
12黄邦彦主编．现代设计方法基础．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001
13张绍甫，徐锦康主编．机械零件．第2版．北京：机械工业出版社，1995
14张代东主编．机械工程材料应用基础．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
15华楚生主编．机械制造技术基础．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2000
毕业设计任务书
5．本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：
起迄日期
工作内容
2012年2月20日~2月23日
毕业设计动员，下达毕业设计任务；
2012年2月24日~3月05日
工厂调研、收集设计0日
研究设计任务，制定设计方案，撰写方案论证报告；
2012年3月21日~4月21日
液压式阀座装配机工作装置设计，绘制部件装配图；
2012年4月22日~5月05日
与同组同学合作完成整机设计，绘制总装图；
2012年5月06日~5月15日
绘制工作装置主要零件工作图，完成所有设计任务；
2012年5月16日~5月21日
撰写设计说明书，撰写毕业设计总结；
2012年5月22日~5月27日
指导教师审查，图纸及设计说明书修改完善；
2．毕业设计任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：
1）结合设计内容，翻译相关英文资料；
2）研究毕业设计任务、要求，通过工厂调研、收集设计资料，制定设计方案，撰写方案论证报告；
3)完成FZY-300液压式半球阀阀座装配机工作装置设计；与同组同学合作完成整机设计；绘制阀座装配机总装图和阀座装配机机身部分装配图；
4．主要参考资料：
1徐灏等主编.机械设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
油阀座设计说明书
机械制造技术课程设计任务书题目：设计油阀座零件的机械加工工艺规程及相关工序的专用夹具任务及要求:一确定零件的生产类型年产量12000件，备品率5%，废品率2%。
（大批量生产）二工艺零件的设计步骤1.详细零件图，分析零件结构及技术要求，确定毛坯类型及精度，技术要求，毛坯余量，设计毛配图。
初步建立零件制造的过程和方法。
2.选择加工方法，合理划分粗，精加工阶段，确定最佳工艺路线。
3.某一个加工工序设计和工艺计算：选择加工设备与工艺装备，确定工序尺寸，选择各工序切削用量，计算时间定额。
4.设计加工工艺过程卡片，格式见《机械制造技术基础课程设计指南》，P 112表4-8，卡片大小为A4幅面（可打印）5.设计某工序的夹具，用A1图纸画出夹具的装备图，包括定位设计，加紧设计，辅助元件设计等三设计内容说明书:1.学院统一的课程设计封皮2.课程设计成绩评定表3.课程设计任务书4.目录5.零件图6.零件分析7.工艺路线的制定8.选择定位基准9.加工余量确定及工序尺寸计算10.切削用量与工时定额的确定11.参考书籍资料目录四课程设计考核（装订成册）1.加工工艺过程卡片2.指定工序加工工序卡片3.设计说明书4.答辩五时间进度安排（10天）目录1.零件图工艺性分析2.确定毛坯尺寸3.定位基准的选择4.表面加工方法的选择5.制定工艺路线6.选择加工设备及工艺装备7.确定工序尺寸8.切削用量与工时定额的确定9.机床夹具的设计10.参考文献11.设计总结12.加工工艺过程卡片13.指定工序加工工序卡片1. 零件图工艺性分析1.1对被加工零件进行工艺分析通过对该零件图的重新绘制，知原图样的视图正确、完整，尺寸、公差及技术要求齐全。
但 24.5的孔要要求精度高要精镗，。
由零件图可知，该零件结构简单，但技术要求多，对基准的选择要求高，零件选用材料ZG45，该材料具有较高的强度，韧性和塑性，切屑性能良好，结构工艺性好。
阀门制造工艺有如下特点：①阀门毛坯的制造工艺及检验工艺比较复杂。
(毕业设计)液压减震器说明书
摘要液压式减振器是车辆悬架系统中主要的阻尼元件，其性能好坏直接关系到整车的安全性及舒适性。
其中活塞杆是减振器中重要元件，在工作中主要承受上下往复的运动。
由于汽车要在不同工况下工作，活塞杆就要承受不同高度的运动，为了检测活塞杆在工作能承受工作载荷的极限设计了液压式减振器活塞杆拉断试验台。
试验台采用四根立柱做为支撑，并对四根立柱做了强度和刚度的校核满足设计要求。
四根立柱支撑上横梁采用光杠固定式，由上横梁上的液压缸施行拉断实验。
并对试验台中的缸，泵，阀进行了计算选取了标准的元件。
由于它采用液压油做为动力源，因而具有使用灵活和噪声小，性能较高的特点。
此外本设计还应用了较为先进的设计手段，用C语言进行计算编程和用CAXA软件绘图。
关键词：拉断；液压；试验台；减振器AbstractHydraulic shock absorber, vehicle suspension damping system in the main components, the performance cars have a direct bearing on the safety and comfort. In the shock absorber piston rod which is an important component in the work of the major bear reciprocating movement from top to bottom. As car in different conditions, different piston rod to withstand high degree of movement, in order to detect rod in the workplace can withstand the work load limit was designed hydraulic shock absorber piston rod pull off test-bed. Test-bed for a four column support, and four pillars done a strength and stiffness of the check to meet the design requirements. 4 column on the support beams by light bars fixed by the beams on the implementation of hydraulic cylinders pull off experiments. Taichung and test the tanks, pumps, valves were calculated select a standard component. Because it used hydraulic oil as a power source, so they have flexibility in the use of noise and small, high performance characteristics. In addition the design of a more advanced design tools, calculated using C-language programming and graphics software with CAXA.Keywords : pull off; hydraulic; test-bed; shock absorber目录第1章绪论............................................. .. (1)1.1 液压式减振器活塞杆拉断试验台设计......................... . (1)1.1.1 概述............................................. .. .11.1.2 题目任务的内容和要求 (1)1.2试验台的功能设 (2)第2章试验台的性能计算 (3)2.1 试验台的尺寸控制图计算 (3)2.2外购件选择计算 (3)第3章试验台的结构设计 (7)3.1 活塞杆与夹具连接的螺栓强度校核 (7)3.2下底座螺栓强度校核 (7)3.3 试验台上横梁的计算 (8)第4章零件结构设计 (16)4.1 下底座的设计 (16)4.2上横梁的设计 (18)4.3 立柱的设计 (19)4.4 V型块夹具的设计 (22)第5章半轴的设计与计算 (21)5.1 半轴的设计与校核 (21)5.2 半轴的材料及热处理 (22)第6章桥壳的强度校核 (23)第7章制造工艺分析............................................. ..24 第8章轴承的寿命计算. (28)7.1 作用在主减速器主动齿轮上的力 (28)7.2 轴承载荷的计算 (29)7.3 主动齿轮轴承寿命计算 (30)7.4 从动齿轮轴承寿命计算 (30)第9章结论............................................. . (32)参考文献............................................. . (33)致谢............................................. .. (34)附录 A 程序............................................. . (35)附录 B 外文翻译及原文 (49)第1章绪论1.1液压式减振器活塞杆拉断试验台设计1.1.1 概述本设计针对的是汽车减振器活塞杆性能的测试。
液压阀弹簧座毕业设计说明书
液压阀弹簧座冲压工艺分析及模具设计摘要本课题认真分析了液压阀弹簧座的结构和成形工艺，计算了毛坯尺寸和冲压力的大小。
设计了排样图及模具结构和尺寸，说明了模具结构的特点等。
具体分析了复合模单工位正装和落料拉深的工艺，设计了排样图和模具结构图，说明了该模具结构的特点，该模具的上模固定板、下模固定板具有高精度的长寿命，一步成形而且重复装配精度高，可快速定位导料板，卸料板上安装到上模座上。
通过这次设计为以后从事模具设计方面打下了很好的基础，同时为在校时了解模具行业的发展方向也时很有必要的.关键词：模具，冲压，落料，拉深HYDRAULIC VALVE SPRING SEAT DESIGN OFSTAMPING PROCESS ANALYSIS AND DIE DESIGNABSTRACTHydraulic valve spring seat of the structure and forming technology is seriously analyzed by this topic. The size of the blank dimensions and impact force was calculated. Layout drawing and the die structure size is designed. Shows the characteristics of die structure, etcComposite modulus of simplex bit suits and blanking, deep drawing process were detailed analyzed. Layout diagram and the die structure were designed. The mould on the fixed mould plate, a lower die plate is of high precision long life, that one step forming and repeated a ssembly of high precision. It can quickly locate guide plate, stripper plate mounted to the mold base.Through this design for future engaged in mold design has laid a good foundation, at the same time as the school know when the mold profession the development direction of also very be necessary.KEY WORDS: Mold, Stamping, Blanking, Deep drawing目录前言 (1)第1章零件的冲压工艺性分析 (4)1.1零件的工艺性分析 (4)1.1.1工件结构分析 (4)1.1.2确定最佳工艺方案 (4)第2章毛坯计算 (6)2.1修边余量的确定 (6)2.1.1能否一次拉深的判断 (7)2.1.2零件的排样及利用率 (9)2.1.3压力计算，压力中心及压力机的选用 (10)第3章模具结构设计及校核 (14)3.1复合模的功能结构 (14)3.1.1复合模结构设计原则 (14)3.1.2设计概要 (15)3.2工作机构设计 (16)3.2.1导料及定距机构设计 (21)3.2.2卸料机构的设计 (21)3.2.3固定机构的设计 (22)3.2.4导向机构设计 (23)3.2.5垫板的设计 (23)结论 (26)谢辞 (27)参考文献 (28)前言作为一个马上将毕业的机械系机械设计制造及其自动化的学生来说，4年专业知识的学习，为以后从事模具设相关计打下了一定的基础，在校期间了解模具行业的发展方向也时很有必要的，它有利于我把握自己的学习方向，不断的提高自己相关专业素养。
油阀座毕业设计说明书
机械设计与制造专业毕业设计资料毕业设计题目：油阀座学生姓名：学生班级：学生学号：指导教师：指导教师职称：航天工业学院《机械制造工艺及机床夹具设计》毕业设计报告报告题目：“油阀座”的机械加工工艺规程及夹具设计目录摘要 (3)开题报告 (5)引言 (9)绪论 (10)第一章零件的分析 (11)1.1 零件的生产类型 (11)1.2 零件的作用 (11)1.3零件的工艺分析 (11)第二章工艺规程设计 (11)2.1 确定毛坯 (11)2.2定位基准的选择 (12)2.3加工工艺路线 (12)2.4选择加工设备及刀、夹、量具 (13)2.5机械加工余量 (13)2.6确定切削用量和基本工时 (13)第三章夹具的设计 (21)3.1 钻夹具设计 (21)3.2 铣夹具设计 (21)第四章夹具的概述 (23)4.1夹具的作用及分类 (23)4.2 夹具的组成 (24)4.3 工件夹紧的基本要求 (25)4.4 夹具的发展趋势 (25)结论 (26)致谢 (26)摘要制造业中尤其是机械制造业，在产品生产过程中按照特定工艺，不论其生产规模如何，都需要种类繁多的工艺装备，而制造业产品的质量、生产率、成本无不与工艺装备有关。
随着不规则形状零件在现代制造业中的广泛应用，如何保证这类零件的加工精度就显得尤为重要。
本文通过分析注油器油阀座零件的结构特点和加工要求，制定了一套较合理的夹具设计，从而为保证该零件的加工精度将提供一种经济实用的工艺装备，具有一定的实用价值。
对于夹具设计来说，最重要的就是定位、夹紧方案的确定。
通过对各种定位夹紧装置的分析比较，选择并组合了一套既能够满足加工要求的，又比较简洁的装置。
同时，通过对一系列定位误差和夹紧力的计算，验证了该零件的加工是可以保证其要求的精度的，它的加工误差在规定的范围内。
通过夹紧力的计算，也验证了零件在被夹紧的前提下，它受到的夹紧力也并不大，满足夹具设计所要求的既要保证一定的夹紧力不使工件在加工过程中发生位移，但同时又不能过大致使工件发生变形。
液压控制阀的理论研究与设计毕业设计说明书
液压控制阀的理论研究与设计第1章绪论液压技术作为一门新兴应用学科，虽然历史较短，发展的速度却非常惊人。
液压设备能传递很大的力或力矩，单位功率重量轻，结构尺寸小，在同等功率下，其重量的尺寸仅为直流电机的10%~20%左右；反应速度快、准、稳；又能在大范围内方便地实现无级变速；易实现功率放大；易进行过载保护；能自动润滑，寿命长，制造成本较低。
因此，世界各国均已广泛地应用在锻压机械、工程机械、机床工业、汽车工业、冶金工业、农业机械、船舶交通、铁道车辆和飞机、坦克、导弹、火箭、雷达等国防工业中。
液压传动设备一般由四大元件组成，即动力元件——液压泵；执行元件——液压缸和液压马达；控制元件——各种液压阀；辅助元件——油箱、蓄能器等。
液压阀的功用是控制液压传动系统的油流方向，压力和流量；实现执行元件的设计动作以控制、实施整个液压系统及设备的全部工作功能。
1.1 液压技术的发展历史液压传动理论和液压技术发展的历史可追溯17世纪，当时的荷兰人史蒂文斯（Strvinus）研究指出，液体静压力随液体的深度变化，与容器的形状无关。
之后托里塞勒(Torricelli)也对流体的运动进行研究。
17世纪末，牛顿对液体的粘度以及浸入运动流动体中的物体所受的阻力进行了研究。
18世纪中叶，伯努利提出的流束传递能量理论及帕斯卡提出的静压传递原理，使液压理论有了关键性的进展。
1795年英国伦敦的约瑟夫.布拉默(Joseph Bramah 1749~1814)创造了世界上第一台水压机——棉花、羊毛液压打包机。
1905年，詹尼（Janney）设计了一台带轴向柱塞泵的油压传动与控制装置，并于1906年成功地应用在弗吉尼亚号战舰的炮塔俯仰、转动机构中。
1936年，哈里.威克斯（Harry Vikers）提出了包括先导式溢流阀在内的些液压控制元件有力地推动了液压技术的进步。
1958年美国麻萨诸塞州理工学院的布莱克本（Blackburn）、李诗颖创造了电液伺服阀，并于1960年发表了对液压技术有杰出贡献的论著——《流体动力控制》。
液压阀毕业设计
液压阀毕业设计液压阀毕业设计篇一：毕业设计论文-数字液压阀的系统设计摘要液压阀是流体传动中不可或缺的功能单元。
一方面，流体传动系统的优化升级需要液压阀相应提高性能；另一方面，液压阀本身的创新也给流体系统带来了新的活力。
如今，液压阀在体积、性能、能耗、智能化、制造加工工艺等方面都有了极大的发展。
随着液压系统与电子技术、IT技术以及网络技术的融合，液压阀进入了数字化时代。
液压数字阀是未来与比例阀、伺服阀相辅相争的一个全新的新阀种。
它具有价格更低、更易与计算机相接、放大驱动装置更简单，而且体积更小的特点。
看它的独特性能，在今后的市场上，势必将占有更大的份额！关键词：数字液压阀；步进电机；单片机控制；压力传感器反馈AbstractThe hydraulic valve is the indispensable part of function unit in the fluid drive. The fluid drive system's optimized promotion needs the hydraulic valve to enhance the performance correspondingly; On the other hand, hydraulic valve's innovation also bring new vigor to the fluid system. Now, the hydraulic valve hadenormous development in aspects volume, performance, energy consumption, intellectualized, manufacture processing craft and etc. Along with the hydraulic system, the electronic technology, the IT technology and networking's fusion, the hydraulic valve entered digital times. In the future, the hydraulic pressure digital valve will be a brand new valve which the proportioning valve, the servo valve auxiliary will contend with. It has the lower price , easier docking to the xxputer, simplerenlargement drive, moreover, the smaller volume. Its unique performance, will hold a bigger share inevitably in present's market!Keyboard：hydraulic valve；stepper motor；SCM Control；Pressure sensor feedback目录第一章绪论 11.1目的和意义--------------------------------------------------- 11.2 国内外发展现状---------------------------------------------- 31.3 毕业设计的内容---------------------------------------------- 5 第二章机械部分设计---------------------------------------------- 62.1 液压阀的选择------------------------------------------------- 72.2 步进电机的选择----------------------------------------------- 72.3 压力传感器的选择--------------------------------------------- 92.4 改造图及说明------------------------------------------------- 10 第三章控制系统硬件设计-------------------------------------------- 133.1 89C51单片机的介绍------------------------------------------- 143.1.1 引脚简要说明------------------------------------------- 143.1.2 P3口的第二功能--------------------------------------- 153.2 步进电机工作原理的介绍--------------------------------------- 153.3 硬件部分设计3.3.1 单片机电路-------------------------------------------- 163.3.2 反馈电路---------------------------------------------- 163.3.3 电路图------------------------------------------------- 17 第四章控制系统软件部分设计--------------------------------------- 194.1 环形脉冲分配------------------------------------------------ 204.2 步进电机的频率设定------------------------------------------ 214.3 89C51单片机源程序------------------------------------------ 21第五章实验------------------------------------------------------- 255.1 实际实验----------------------------------------------------- 255.2实验步骤-- 265.3 实际误差----------------------------------------------------- 305.4 实验图片----------------------------------------------------- 30 参考文献----------------------------------------------------------- 32 附录--------------------------------------------------------------- 33数字液压阀的系统设计第一章绪论1.1 目的和意义液压阀的发展应从技术与市场相结合来看，它分成三个层次和三种发展方向。
AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构安装说明书
AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构安装说明书安装使用说明书0KB.412339.8ZF15-550型六氟化硫封闭式组合电器用液压弹簧操动机构共35页第1页1概述1.1 产品型号和名称AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构1.2 主要用途及特点AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构是碟簧储能的液压机构，目前主要用于ZF15-550断路器上。
该机构具有下列特点：1)采用模块设计，结构紧凑；2)大量采用通用零部件，易于采购；3)在机构内部具有多级油缓冲，操作平稳，无反跳，对地基的冲击力低；4)无外部管路，减少漏油环节；5)无氮气储能器，系统油压不受环境温度的影响，性能可靠；6)所需液压油的体积很少；7)分、合闸速度可调；8)液压系统的状态和性能随时得到监控；9)运动部件置于油中，磨损量极低，免维护；10)损耗小，传动效率高；11)最多可完成CO-CO操作循环；12)噪音低。
1.3 使用环境条件a)周围空气温度：-25℃～＋40℃；b) 防护等级： IP54。
2结构特征与工作原理AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构综合了液压操动机构和弹簧储能的优点，能量的储存靠一个碟形弹簧组来完成，它提供很高的长期稳定性、可靠性以及抗温度变化的能力。
机构的操作和能量的输出基于成熟的液压技术，例如一、二级阀、工作缸等。
2.1 总体结构（见图1，图2和图3）在图1，图2和图3中可以见到AHMA-8型液压弹簧操动机构的结构特征和主要元件。
所有的液压元件都集成在高油压部分中，所有元件围绕着高压区的主轴线分布。
电气监测和控制元件在拿掉外壳后很容易看到，电气控制线路通过插头引出。
辅助开关（S51204)通过联接件与工作活塞（S51012）连接。
位置指示器（S51033）能可靠地指示断路器本体的分合位置。
由耐各种气候条件的可塑性材料制成的外壳（S51028）可分成两瓣。
如果需要，松开螺钉后即可以打开。
把所有液压功能集合在一个阀体中，使整个结构十分紧凑。
操动机构没有任何种类的外部液压管道连接。
液压方向阀门 3-way 2-position 自动操纵型弹簧式弹簧阀门说明书
-Slip-in cartridge valve -For cavity AC-All external parts with zinc-nickel plating according to DIN EN ISO 19598-Guided valve spool and poppet -With or without manual override-As an option, hand lever can be fitted to solenoid -De-energized closed-The slip-on coil can be rotated, and it can be replaced without opening the hydraulic envelope -High pressure wet-armature solenoids-Various plug-connector systems and voltages are availableDirectional valve 3-way/2-positionQ max = 40 l/min, p max = 315 barswitching solenoid, direct acting, poppet typeType series: W1F_B… (installation shallow)DescriptionThe 3-way/2-position solenoid-operated directional seat valves, series W1F_B… (installation shallow), are size 6, direct acting, and pressure balanced screw-in valves. They are designed on the tried and tested principle of the guided poppet, and the guide spool has a seal. This valve type has an overlapped spool. In the crossover position, all connections are thus dis-connected, i.e., there is no connection between ports 1, 2, and 3 during the valve’s switching period, with the result that only a minimal loss of the flow/pressure oc -curs. This is a very important benefit in small-volume circuits, and in accumulator- and clamping systems. This type is the "shallow" installation version, which fits into the cavity type according to the AC factory stan-dard. For the "deep" installation version, see separate data sheet. These cartridge seat valves are also avai-lable with or without manual override, and with the option of an additional hand lever. All external parts of the cartridge are zinc-nickel plated, and are thus sui-table for use in the harshest operating environments. The slip-on coils can be replaced without opening the hydraulic envelope and can be positioned at any ang-le through 360°. These valves are predominantly used in certain mobile and industrial applications where le-ak-tight shut-off functions are crucially important. Ex -amples are where loads, tensions, or clamping forces must be held without leakage. For self-assembly, plea-se refer to the section related data sheets.SymbolTechnical dataIMPORTANT!The less favorable values from the general, hy-draulic and electrical characteristics determi-ne the temperature range of the whole valve.IMPORTANT!To ensure the performance data is not com-promised, it is imperative to use coils D45/207 according to data sheet 400-P-120120. NOTE!These times are strongly influenced by fluid pressure, flow rate and viscosity, as well as by the dwell time under pressure.Performance graphsmeasured with oil viscosity 33.0 mm²/s (cSt), coil at steady-state temperature and 10 % undervoltage p = f (Q) Performance limitΔp = f (Q) Pressure drop-flow rate characteristic400-PG-0420050 (700)100 (1400)150 (2100)200 (2900)250 (3600)300 (4300)350 (5000)Q [l/min (gpm)]403020100p [bar (psi)](10)(7.5)(5)(2.5)1) = 1 →2, 2 → 1, 2 → 31)2)2) = 3 → 2010 (140)20 (285)30 (430)40 (570)Q [l/min (gpm)]p [bar (psi)]∆(10)(5)(2.5)(7.5)1) = 2 → 1; 2 → 32) = 1 → 23) = 3 → 2Dimensions and sectional viewInstallation informationATTENTION!Only qualified personnel with mechanical skills may carry out any maintenance work. Generally, the only work that should ever be undertaken is to check, and possibly replace, the seals. When changing seals, oil or grease the new seals thoroughly before fitting them.NOTE!1) When fitting the slip-in valves, use the specified tightening torque for the mounting screws. The value can be found in the chapter "Technical data".IMPORTANT!When replacing an old coil with connectionaccording to DIN 43650/ISO4400 (with otherPin setup than according to datasheet 400-P-120120), the new coil can be mounted in 180°reversed position so that the existing plug(with 180° earthingPIN) can be connected.This does not affect the performance data. Hand lever fitted on solenoid (optional)As an option, these valves are available with an addi-tional hand lever. The hand lever can be fitted on the solenoid. Two models can be supplied:“HHB” hand le-ver with detent feature, and the “HHNB” hand lever without detent feature.IMPORTANT!Hand levers can only be fitted to valves that have a manual override.Ordering codeW11 (9)A…Q Z…R D F AD I B G 1…9 (blank) M100 DT JT F(blank) +HHB +HHNB … Related data sheets****************************© 2023 by Bucher Hydraulics AG Frutigen, 3714 Frutigen, SwitzerlandAll rights reserved.Data is provided for the purpose of product description only, and must not be construed as warranted characteristics in the legal sense. The information does not relieve users from the duty of conducting their own evaluations and tests. Because the products are subject to continual improvement, we reserve the right to amend the product specifications contained in this catalogue.。
中国矿业大学本科毕业设计说明书
本科毕业设计说明书纯水单体液压支柱三用阀的整体设计ON THE OVERRALL DESIGN OF THREE PURE WATERHYDRAULIC VALVE学院（部）：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：年月日纯水单体液压支柱三用阀的整体设计摘要现在的阀以油和乳化液为工作介质，此种阀容易腐蚀，使用寿命短，当把纯水作为工作介质用在阀上时，阀的使用寿命就明显增长。
这篇文章就是讨论纯水三用阀。
在文章里，我们研究了纯水阀所面临的问题，及可以从几个方面考虑解决的方法。
文章研制的三用阀的工作介质就是纯水，该阀是矿山机械——单体液压支柱的关键部件。
文章对三用阀的总体和零件进行了研究。
文章还对阀的静态特性，动态特性进行分析，在此过程中运用了MATLAB中的SIMULINK进行建模与仿真。
当把三用阀的介质换为纯水后，三用阀在设计尺寸结构等方面就遇到了许多问题，文章通过缩小公差带，降低粗造度等方法来解决换了介质，粘度降低的问题。
关键词：纯水，三用阀，静态特性，动态特性ON THE OVERRALL DESIGN OF THREE PURE WATERHYDRAULIC VALVEABSTRACTThe valve is easy to be corroded and a short time to use，that takes oil and emulsion as service fluid now.When pure water is used in the value，the time is longer.This article is on the use of three pure water value.In this article，we studied the key to the questions in many aspects to which the pure water value faces. The working medium is pure water in the value of three using .It is used in the pit machine .The whole and sparce parts is studied in this article. Static and change characteristics analysed use Simulink of Matlab to build the pattern. When using pure water，the value has many questions in those ways which is designing sizes and structure.We can narrow error class，recluce rough classect. In this way we can answer to the question of viscosity class reclucing.KEYWARDS：pure water，three pure water value，Static characteristics, change characteristics目录摘要(中文) (Ⅰ)摘要(外文) (Ⅱ)1绪论 (1)1.1引言 (2)1.2“纯水”的定义及分类 (3)1.3 纯水液压传动所面临的技术挑战及对策 (4)1.3.1 密封与润滑问题 (6)1.3.2 耐磨损问题 (7)1.3.3 耐腐蚀问题 (9)1.3.4 抗气蚀问题 (9)1.4 国内外研究应用现状与发展趋势 (9)1.4.1 研究应用现状分析 (9)1.4.2 将来的发展趋势 (10)1.5 三用阀的防腐性能 (11)1.5.1 三用阀的工作液采用纯水 (11)1.5.2 材料全部采用不锈钢 (12)1.6 本文研究的内容 (12)2设计纯水液压阀时需要注意的问题 (13)2.1 纯水液压阀的研究现状 (13)2.2 纯水液压阀面临的关键问题 (14)2.2.1 气蚀与气蚀磨损 (14)2.2.2 拉丝侵蚀和冲蚀 (15)2.2.3 泄露与效率 (16)2.2.4 压力冲击，震动与噪音 (16)2.2.5 纯水液压元件气穴及其噪音问题 (17)2.2.5 解决阀设计中存在的问题可从几个方面考虑 (18)2.2.6 纯水液压元件减小气蚀破坏的方法 (19)3单体液压支柱结构分析 (21)3.1 概述 (21)3.2 液压支柱的适用范围及种类 (21)3.3 单体液压支柱的规格 (21)3.3.1 外注式单体液压支柱 (21)3.3.2 内注式单体液压支柱 (22)3.4 单体液压支柱的结构及技术参数 (22)3.4.1 DW06-22-300/100，DW25-250/100型外注式单体液压支柱 (22)3.4.2 DW28-250/100型外注式单体液压支柱 (22)3.4.3 内注式单体液压支柱 (23)4纯水单体液压支柱三用阀的整体设计 (24)4.1 工作原理 (24)4.2 具体的一些结构的设计比较 (25)4.2.1 三用阀密封装置的分析及其设计方案 (25)4.2.2 单体支柱工作特性的影响因素及其设计方案 (28)4.2.3 三用阀左右阀筒材料的选择 (30)4.3 三用阀材料的选择 (30)4.3.1 左右阀筒及一些关键零件的材料 (30)4.3.2 弹簧的材料 (31)4.3.3 密封件的材料 (32)4.4 三用阀尺寸设计 (33)4.4.1 三用阀的一般设计要求 (33)4.4.2 结构尺寸的设计 (33)4.5 三用阀的静态特性分析 (34)4.5.1 力平衡方程 (34)4.5.2 流量连续性方程 (35)4.5.3 静态特性分析 (36)4.6 三用阀的动态特性分析 (36)4.6.1数学模型 (36)4.6.2 仿真模型 (37)5零件设计 (40)5.1 左右阀筒（DZF-01 DZF-18） (40)5.2 注油阀体（DZF—02） (41)5.3 压紧阀套（DZF—05） (42)5.4 卸载阀垫（DZF—07） (43)5.5 连接螺杆（DZF-09） (44)5.6 阀套（DZF-10） (45)5.7 阀座（DZF-11） (46)5.8弹簧的设计 (47)5.8.1 弹簧的设计要求 (47)5.8.2 弹簧的设计与计算 (47)5.9 安全阀垫（DZF-13） (52)5.10 单向阀座（DZF-04） (53)5.11 阀中使用的钢球 (53)总结 (54)参考文献 (56)致谢 (57)1绪论1.1 引言液压传动是一项新兴技术，它被引用到工业领域只有很短的时间，单体液压支柱已广泛应用于我国煤矿井下支护，它具有初撑力大、恒阻、安全和高效等特性，是适合我国国情的一种有效的工作面支护设备。
BILSTEIN 液压阀说明书
IMPORTANT!PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS FIRST!If in doubt, please contact your local BILSTEIN dealer or our sales department before installation.When replacing other brands, BILSTEIN shock absorbers should always be installed as a set. Installation of shock absorbers, struts and cartridges requires special tools and expert knowledge. Accordingly, installation of all BILSTEIN products must be performed by a qualified suspension specialist.Always use a chassis hoist for the installation of BILSTEIN products, and make certain that the raised vehicle is securely attached to the hoist to prevent the vehicle from slipping, falling, or moving during the installation process.If you choose to install any BILSTEIN product without the necessary special tools, expertise or chassis hoist, you may subject yourself to the risk of serious bodily injury or death. If you elect not to use a chassis hoist, at least make sure the vehicle is on level ground, that all tires on the ground during installation are blocked to prevent movement, that at least two tires are on the ground at all times, and that adequately secured safety stands (jack stands) are used to support the chassis. NEVER get under the vehicle until you have checked to make sure all of these things are done.All BILSTEIN products must only be used for the specific, intended application as indicated in the application guide. Any use of any BILSTEIN product other than for its intended use may result in serious bodily injury or death.BILSTEIN suspension products are gas-filled and are highly pressurized. Never place any BILSTEIN product in a vise or use a clamp on any BILSTEIN product; never apply heat near any BILSTEIN product, and never attempt to open or repair any BILSTEIN product, in order to prevent serious bodily injury or death. Any attempt to misuse, misapply, modify, or tamper with any BILSTEIN suspension product voids any warranty and may result in serious bodily injury or death.Do not use impact tools for loosening or tightening fasteners, because this may destroy the screw threads. Self- locking nuts must only be used once!Reuse original equipment components only if they are in good condition, otherwise replace them with new components. Never remove the slight film of oil on the piston rod and seal.All mounting fasteners for shocks and struts must be securely tightened before tension is placed on the suspension system.After installing any BILSTEIN product, the suspension caster and camber must be checked and/or adjusted to comply with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. Also, the (load dependent) brake compensator and the anti-lock brake system must be checked and/or reset to comply with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. Also the headlight aim must be checked and adjusted.Be sure to properly dispose of all old parts.BILSTEIN 4600/5100 Series Shock Absorbers are designed to fit your vehicle’s original shock mounts with no modifications. The 4600/5100 Series shocks are installed in the same manner as a standard replacement shock.Shock Installation Procedure:A.Remove the existing shocks from the vehicle following all procedures in the vehicle manufacturer’sservice manual. Please note that removing inner fender wells will simplify installation.B.Slide Bilstein boot with boot adapter over stem until it’s seated securely (4600 series).ing the supplied stem mounting hardware, install the lower washer, sleeve, and bushing on theshock stem. Then install the Bilstein Shock Absorber in the original location and attach the lower mount. Please refer to Figure 1 for the proper order of installation of the stem hardware.D.Install the upper bushing, washer, and nut. If a chassis hoist has been used, be sure to lower thevehicle such that its full weight is on the suspension prior to fully tightening the fasteners.E.Tighten the lower mount fasteners to the vehicle manufacturer’s service manual torquespecification. Tighten the locknut on the stem until it bottoms out.sleevestembootLooking for dependable performance suspension parts? Rely on Bilstein for quality and long-lasting products.。
46 Series 弹簧式阀门说明书
DM 36 VDC (5.3W)
DN 6 VDC (6W)
DP 48 VDC (5.8W)
DR 90 VDC (6.6W)
DS 110 VDC (7.3W)
DT 75 VDC (5.6W)
EA 12 VDC (6.0W)
EB 220 VDC (4.2W) ED 24 VDC (4.2W)
EE 12 VDC (4.2W)
#22 AWG x 18”, Other lengths available
Solenoid:
Single Operator Only (Double Solenoid is not available)
Flows (Cv - Up to) Average of All Ports
Inline (Cv)
Safe Operating
Temperature Range: 0º to 120ºF (-18º to 50ºC)
Pressure Range: Vacuum to 120 PSI
Coils:
General Purpose Class A, Continuous duty.
Coil Leads:
1.8w 0.20
Wattage 2.4w 0.20
5.4w 0.30
Higher flow rates available - Consult Factory
Special Applications The balanced poppet design facilitates using the same valve for many functions. A valve may be used for pressure and/or vacuum or plugged for 3 Way operation.
液压阀门产品说明书
Free-Stand StainleSS Steel PreFerred-Cutout diSConneCtS StainleSS Steel two-Door DiSconnectStWo-door StainleSS Steel enCloSureS For FlanGe-Mounted diSConneCtS, tYPe 4XinduStrY StandardSUL 508A Listed; Type 3R, 4, 4X, 12; File No. E61997cUL Listed per CSA C22.2 No. 94; Type 3R, 4, 4X, 12; File No. E61997NEMA/EEMAC Type 3R, 4, 4X, 12CSA File No. 42186: Type 4, 4X, 12IEC 60529, IP66Meets NEMA Type 3RX requirementsSPeCiFiCationS• Manufactured from 12 gauge Type 304 stainless steel •S eams continuously welded and ground smooth •B ody stiffeners in larger enclosures for extra rigidity •B ody flange trough collar excludes liquids and contaminants •R emovable centerposts permit easy panel installation •H eavy-gauge continuous hinges •H eavy-duty lifting eyes are Type 316 stainless steel •D ata pocket is high-impact thermoplastic •15-in. floor stands are welded to enclosure •S eamless foam-in-place gasket provides oil-tight and dust-tight seal against contaminants • P anel supports•C ollar studs provided for mounting optional panels •H eavy-duty 3-point latching mechanism operated by Type 316 stainless steel POWERGLIDE padlocking handle on all doors •M aster door is right-hand door on X enclosures and left-hand door on CPX enclosures•T ype 316 stainless steel handle with defeater on master door •T ype 316 stainless steel handle (non-defeater) on slave door •M echanical interlock operated by master door prevents slave door from being opened first; doors can be closed in any order •P referred cutout on right flange provides mounting for most disconnect operators•B onding provision on doors; grounding studs on body •A ccessory mounting channel provided in enclosure top FiniSHStainless steel enclosures are unpainted. Sides and body have smooth #4 brushed finish. Optional mild steel panels are painted white. Optional conductive panels are available.aCCeSSorieSSee also Accessories.Blank Adapter Plates, Mild SteelINTERSAFE Data Interface Ports, Type 4/4X/12Operator Adapters for Universal Cutouts PANELITE Enclosure Lights OverviewPanels for Type 3R, 4, 4X, 12 and 13 Enclosures Steel and Stainless Steel Window KitsModiFiCation and CuStoMiZationHoffman excels at modifying and customizing products to yourspecifications. Contact your local Hoffman sales office or distributor for complete information.PatentSUS 5,634,357D 385,7683BULLETIN: A21S4Free-Stand StainleSS Steel PreFerred-Cutout diSConneCtS StainleSS Steel two-Door DiSconnectS Standard Product two-door with Provision for disconnect operator on right FlangeFree-Stand StainleSS Steel PreFerred-Cutout diSConneCtS StainleSS Steel two-Door DiSconnectS Standard Product two-door with Provision for disconnect operator on CenterpostFree-Stand StainleSS Steel PreFerred-Cutout diSConneCtS StainleSS Steel two-Door DiSconnectSdiSConneCt MountinG SPaCeDisconnects will occupy space on panel shown by dimensions E1, F1, G1 and K. Wiring Space W1 is available when disconnect is installed in the enclosure. See the Technical Information chapter for E1 Spacing by Enclosure Height for various disconnect switch manufacturers.Refer to National Electrical Code®, 2005 article 430-10(b) for wiring space required for line side conductors to be connected to disconnect.Verify your application to determine if wiring space is adequate.Free-Stand StainleSS Steel PreFerred-Cutout diSConneCtS StainleSS Steel two-Door DiSconnectSnotesFree-Stand S tainleSS S teel P reFerred-Cutout d iSConneCtS F ree-StanD P reFerreD-cutout S tainleSS S teel D iSconnect o verviewPreFerred-Cutout oVerVieWaPPliCationEnclosures having the preferred cutout are sized for use withup to 200A disconnect switches and up to 400A circuit breakers unless otherwise specified. The preferred cutout accepts the smaller operating handle whose mounting hole centers are 4.688 in. apart. Preferred cutouts are standard in mild steel wall-mount enclosures, modular enclosures and some select large mild steel enclosures. They are also present on all standard stainless steel offerings. 400 A (or greater) disconnect switches and 600 A (or greater) circuit breakers require the “Large” or “High Amp” cutout. This cutout accepts the larger operating handle whose mounting hole centers are 6.500-in. apart. This large cutout is only available on PROLINE-DD Disconnect Packages and Type 1 Free-Stand Enclosures.Operator adapter for preferred cutouts must be ordered separately to be used with A21S, A28S4, A4S and WS2D enclosures. Preferred cutouts are designed to house the following:allen-Bradley• B ulletin 1494V disconnect switches with flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms and Bulletin 1494V flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms for circuit breakers • B ulletin 140U flexible cable operating mechanisms for 140U molded case circuit breakers• B ulletin 140G flexible cable and variable depth flange-mount molded case circuit breakers• B ulletin 1494C cable-operated disconnect switches with flange-mount handles• B ulletin 194RC cable-operated flange-mount handles for use with the NFPA 79 compliant 194R IEC rotary disconnect switches Allen-Bradley Bulletin 1494V-R1, -R2 and -W2 operating handles and Allen-Bradley Bulletin 1494F disconnect devices or Bulletin 1494D circuit breaker operators will NOT fit these enclosures.aBB Controls flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms for disconnect switches and circuit breakers. Also the cable version for circuit breakers.eaton Cutler-Hammer Type C361 flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms with disconnect switches and Type C371 flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms for circuit breakers.General electric Type STDA flange handles and variable-depth operating mechanisms for disconnect switches and circuit breakers. Also SPECTRAFLEX cable operators for circuit breakers. Siemens ite MAX FLEX® flange-mount variable-depth operating handles for circuit breakers.Schneider Square d® Class 9422 disconnect switches with flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms or cable mechanisms and Class 9422 flange-mount variable-depth operating mechanisms or cable mechanisms for circuit breakers.These enclosures will NOT accept Square D Class 9422 bracket-mounted disconnect devices, Class 9422TG1 or TG2 devices. orderinGOrder the disconnect switch, operating handle and operating mechanism separately. See Technical Information in the Hoffman Specifier’s Guide for wire bend space available when various manufacturers’ disconnect switches are installed or Disconnect Ordering Information at for disconnect ordering guidelines and wire bend space available. Check the enclosure dimension drawings to verify the chosen disconnect switch will fit in the enclosure.。
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液压阀弹簧座冲压工艺分析及模具设计摘要本课题认真分析了液压阀弹簧座的结构和成形工艺，计算了毛坯尺寸和冲压力的大小。
设计了排样图及模具结构和尺寸，说明了模具结构的特点等。
具体分析了复合模单工位正装和落料拉深的工艺，设计了排样图和模具结构图，说明了该模具结构的特点，该模具的上模固定板、下模固定板具有高精度的长寿命，一步成形而且重复装配精度高，可快速定位导料板，卸料板上安装到上模座上。
通过这次设计为以后从事模具设计方面打下了很好的基础，同时为在校时了解模具行业的发展方向也时很有必要的.关键词：模具，冲压，落料，拉深HYDRAULIC VALVE SPRING SEAT DESIGN OFSTAMPING PROCESS ANALYSIS AND DIE DESIGNABSTRACTHydraulic valve spring seat of the structure and forming technology is seriously analyzed by this topic. The size of the blank dimensions and impact force was calculated. Layout drawing and the die structure size is designed. Shows the characteristics of die structure, etcComposite modulus of simplex bit suits and blanking, deep drawing process were detailed analyzed. Layout diagram and the die structure were designed. The mould on the fixed mould plate, a lower die plate is of high precision long life, that one step forming and repeated a ssembly of high precision. It can quickly locate guide plate, stripper plate mounted to the mold base.Through this design for future engaged in mold design has laid a good foundation, at the same time as the school know when the mold profession the development direction of also very be necessary.KEY WORDS: Mold, Stamping, Blanking, Deep drawing目录前言 (1)第1章零件的冲压工艺性分析 (4)1.1零件的工艺性分析 (4)1.1.1工件结构分析 (4)1.1.2确定最佳工艺方案 (4)第2章毛坯计算 (6)2.1修边余量的确定 (6)2.1.1能否一次拉深的判断 (7)2.1.2零件的排样及利用率 (9)2.1.3压力计算，压力中心及压力机的选用 (10)第3章模具结构设计及校核 (14)3.1复合模的功能结构 (14)3.1.1复合模结构设计原则 (14)3.1.2设计概要 (15)3.2工作机构设计 (16)3.2.1导料及定距机构设计 (21)3.2.2卸料机构的设计 (21)3.2.3固定机构的设计 (22)3.2.4导向机构设计 (23)3.2.5垫板的设计 (23)结论 (26)谢辞 (27)参考文献 (28)前言作为一个马上将毕业的机械系机械设计制造及其自动化的学生来说，4年专业知识的学习，为以后从事模具设相关计打下了一定的基础，在校期间了解模具行业的发展方向也时很有必要的，它有利于我把握自己的学习方向，不断的提高自己相关专业素养。
我国模具技术的发展趋势：目前，工业生产的特点是产品品种翻多、更新速度快和市场竞争激烈。
在这种情况下，工厂就对模具制造要求交货期快、精度高、质量好、价格低。
所以，模具工业的发展趋势是很明显的。
国民经济的快速发展对模具工业提出了越来越高的要求，促进模具技术的迅速发展，模具是生产各种工业和民用产品的重要工艺装备，模具设备发展成为一门行业。
20世纪80年代以来，我国模具工业的发展十分迅速。
近几十年来，产值以每年约15％的速度快速增长。
2000年我国模具工业总产值约占33％，压铸模具约占6％，其他各类模具占11％。
我国模具是在机械电子、家用电器、轻工和日用品等行业产品的制造的过程中起着非常重要作用的一种工艺设备。
采用模具生产的毛坯和成品零件是材料成形的重要方式之一，跟切削加工相对比，模具有原材料利用率高、产品性能高、成产效率好和成本相对低等特点。
冲压模具是用来制造和加工冲压产品的一种成形工艺设备，冲压模具设计过程是跟据冲压件的产品图样进行冲压工艺过程的设计，先定冲压工艺方案，在收集、整理相关的设计参考资料跟技术标准的基础上，进行冲压模具的设计。
主要的设计内容和过程如下：冲压件的产品的图样分析与冲压件材料的选择；冲压工艺方案的设计，确定相关工序、冲压件排样和工艺成本分析等；冲模结构形式的选定和方案确定，进行主要的冲压零部件的设计与计算并绘制出零件图与装配图；冲压设备的选择和冲压安全性分析；1、模具产品发展将大型化和精密化模具产品零件的日渐大型化，以及高效率生产要求的一模多腔（例如塑封模具已经达到一模几百腔）使模具日趋大型化。
随着冲压零件的微型化，和模具结构的发展的需求（例如多工位复和模工位数的增加，步距精度增高）精密的模具的精度已由以前的5um提高到了2～3um，日后有些模具的加工精度与公差要求在1um以下，这就要求超精加工。
2、多功能复合模具将进一步的发展新型多功能的复合模具有使在过工委复合模的基础上设计出来的。
多功能的模具除了冲压零件外，还可以担负转位、叠压、攻丝、铆接、锁紧等组装。
通过这些多功能模具生产出来的不在是单个零件，而是成批的组件。
如各种小型电机、电器和仪表的铁芯组件等。
3、快速经济模具的前景具有十分广阔的法展空间现在是品种多、批量少的生产时代，到下一个世纪，这种新生产方式将占工业生产的比例在75％以上。
一方面由于制品的使用周期较短，品种更较新快，另一方面是由于制品的花样变化频繁，都要求各种模具的生产周期越短越好。
因此，发展快速经济的模具日益引起人们的重视。
例如，研制各类超塑形材料（如环氧、聚脂等）的制作或者其中夹杂金属粉末或玻璃纤维等的简易模具：中、低熔点的合金模具、喷涂成型模具、迅速电镀模、陶瓷形吸塑模、叠层模和快速成形模具等快速经济模具将更快发展。
利用计算机控制和机械手操作的快速环模。
快速拭模技术也会快速发展和提高。
4、模具标准件的应用将越来越广泛采用模具标准件不仅能缩短模具的制造周期，而且还可以提高模具质量和减少模具制造成本。
因此，模具标准件应用必定日渐广泛。
为此，首先要制定同一的国家标准，并严格按标准生产；而后要逐渐行成规模化生产，保证标准件质量、降低生产成本；其次是要进一步的增加标准件品种，进一步发展和完善销售，保证供货迅速。
5、模具要用优质材料以及采用先进的表面处理技术将倍受受重视在模具的价格构成中，所用材料所占的比例一般在20％至30％之间，所以选用优质钢材和应用先进的表面处理技术来提高模具的寿命就显得非常有必要。
就模具钢来说，采用电渣中溶工艺，尽量提高钢的纯净度、等向性、致密性和均匀度以及研制更高性能或者采用特殊性能的模具钢。
例如用粉末冶金当中产生的一次碳化物粗大和偏析，进而影响材质的问题。
它的碳化物微细，质地均匀，无材料方向性，因此其具有韧性好、磨削工艺性高、耐磨性好、常年使用尺寸稳定好等特点，其是有种很有发展前途的钢材。
对于形状复杂的注件和高速冲压的模具，它的优越性更加突出。
这类钢材还适用于注射成型漆、增加玻璃纤维、加金属粉末的增强强塑料的模，如行呛、型心、浇口等主要的部件、此外，模具钢品种规格多样化、产品精料化、制品化，尽量缩短供货时间适重要方向。
模具热处理与表面处理是能否充分发挥模具钢材的主要功能的关键环节。
模具热处理的发展方应采用真空热处理方式。
常用模具表面处理完善普及常用表面处理方法，扩渗如：渗碳、渗氮、渗硼、渗钒以外，还要发展设备较昂贵的、工艺先进的气相沉积和等离子喷涂等技术手段。
6、在模具设计制造中应该全面推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术模具用CAD/CAM/CAE技术发展是模具行业的一个重要里程碑。
实践证明，模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术使模具的设计发展方向。
现在，全面普及CAD/CAM/CAE技术都基本上成熟。
由于模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术已发展成了一项很成熟的共性技术，近年来模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术的硬件和软件的价格降到中削企业普遍可以接受的程度，尤其是是微机的普及应用，更为广大模具设计企业的普及模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术创造了很好的条件。
随着微机软件的进一步的发展与进步，技术培训工作也相对简化。
在普及和推广模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术的过程中，应注重给予，重点扶持我国产模具软件的开发和应用。
应加大技术培训与技术服务的力度。
应进一步扩大和发展CAE技术的应用范围。
对于已经普及了的模具CAD/CAM技术的一批以家电行业为代表的企业来说，积极做好模具CAD/CAM技术的进一步应用工作，开展企业信息化工程，可以从CAPP,PDM CIMS,VR,逐步深化与提高。
第1章零件的冲压工艺性分析1.1零件的工艺性分析图1-1 液压阀弹簧座上图示为比较简单的盖型拉深冲孔件，材料是08钢，厚度为1.5mm..从设计任务当中可以看出，制件的精度要求不高.产量为大批量生产.查表08钢的机械性能如下：σs=185 MPa、σb=325Mpa、σ5/%≥33、硬度(未热处理)131HB。
1.1.1工件结构分析该工件结构比较简单，由圆弧线和直线组成，拉深高度较高，相对直径不大，内外性没有尖角，能很好保证模具寿命。
1.1.2确定最佳工艺方案方案一：先落料，在拉深，再冲孔，最后修边；采用单工序模生产。
方案二：落料拉深复合冲压，再冲孔，最后修边；采用复合模生产。
方案三：落料拉深复合冲压，冲孔修边复合模冲压；采复合模生产。
工艺方案的分析：方案一模：具结构简单，但需要两道工序四副模具，生产率低，难以满足该零件大批量生产要求。
方案二：只需三副模具，冲压件的形位精度和尺寸精度容易保证且生产率也高。
虽然模具结构较方案一复杂，但由于零件的几何形状简单对称，模具制造不困难。