自考高级英语各类笔记汇总 上册 Lesson1

背景知识（Background knowledge）
Rock Music
A form of popular music is characterized by a pronounced, amplified beat. Electric guitars are almost always the main instrumental sound source. The modem rock band's basic elements are one or more vocalists, an electric lead guitar and bass guitar and drums. A rhythm guitar is often included, and many bands also use keyboards. "Rock-and-roll" was coined in the mid-1950 by a Cleveland broadcaster, Alan Freed, to replace "rhythm-and-blues"——a term that Freed thought had too many racial overtones'. (It was being called "race music" in some quarters at the time.) Rhythm-and-blues was itself an updated, urbanized stylization of the blues, which had been developed mainly by rural or country-oriented black musicians. When the music was renamed rock-and-roll, it also underwent an elemental change, particularly when white performers saw how eagerly young audiences responded. "White" music——that is essentially conventional popular music with a decided country-and-western flavor——was blended with rhythm-and-blues, and young people continued to hold a proprietary attitude about it. Rock went through its share of phases and participated in a number of pop culture fads.
课文要义（Main idea of the text）
The author focuses on the social influences of the rock music in terms of sociology. By contrasting different attitudes toward the rock among the young and adult audience, the author points out that rock is served as an expression of social ideas, and also provides a debating stage for different ideas. Rock 'n' roll stars express the young generation's viewpoints on various political and social problems, and also help the society see its own beliefs and attitudes, and express the young men's feelings and hope.
词汇(Vocabulary)
1.adulation: (n.) excessive admiration or praise; flattery
The magazine is full of the fan’s adulation of their favorite pop stars.
杂志上充满了歌迷对他们所喜爱的歌手的吹捧。

adulate: (v.) flatter
He respected science without adulating it. 他尊重科学而不迷信科学。

The leaders are easily adulated . 领导容易受逢迎.
adulator (n.)=ass-kisser/ apple-polisher/ toad-eater 溜须拍马的人
2.affluent: prosperous
3.ban: (v.) officially forbid
ban the use of nuclear weapons/chemical weapons
4.bewilderment: (n.) confusion 困惑, state of being confused.
The child watched the noisy crowd in bewilderment. 孩子目瞪口呆地看着嘈杂的人群。

Young people usually bewildered by the adult world. 年青人总是被成人世界里的事情所迷惑。

bewilder: (v.) confuse [bewilder (v.)=confuse, esp. with numerous conflicting situations, objects or statement.] The city traffic often bewildered me when I was young. 小时候，城市交通常使我不知所措。

Big city 's traffic bewilders me . 大城市的交通使我不知所措.
bewildering (adj.) very confusing 令人迷惑不解的
What she had said was bewildering to me . 她所说的令我迷惑不解.
bewildered (adj.) completely puzzled 迷惑不解
He was bewildered by her question . 他被她的问题弄得不知所措.
5.baptismal (adj.)-baptism (n.)=ceremony marking a person’s admission into the Christian Church by sprinkling him
with water.洗礼
e.g. baptism of fire 首次严峻的考验
baptize (v.)
6.celebrate: (v.) praise; honor
Today his words and deeds are celebrated throughout the land. 今天他的言行受到全国人民的赞颂。

The deeds of many heroes are celebrated by poets. 许多英雄的行为受到诗人的赞美。

7.conceive 设想，想出，想像conceive of sth.
以-ceive为词根的有conceive, perceive（理解，感知）, deceive （欺骗）
You cannot conceive how rude he is to me. 你无法想象他对我是多么粗鲁。

8.clash and crash: （押头韵alliteration）be in conflict with sth.
crash: go bankrupt
My business crashed last year.
9.crawl: crawling on one’s knees. a crawling snake, crawling traffic/cars
creep: move slowly, quietly and secretly.
climb: up the tree
10.crunch—scream尖叫
crunch发出嘈杂声地走，嘎吱作响地走means screaming
11.disaffection不满
affectionate (adj.)
12.drive: n. energy; capacity to get things done
He is a young man with brains, drive and initiative. 他年轻，有头脑，有精力，还有进取心。

The new headmaster is lacking in drive. 新校长缺乏魄力。

13.editorialize: (v.) announce editorial （报刊）发表社论,
means publish a editorial to make remark or make comment about something.
All the local papers editorialized on the subject. 当地所有报纸都对这一问题发表了社论。

Youth editorialized against depriving poor children of opportunities to be educated.
青年报发表社论反对剥夺贫穷孩子受教育的机会。

edit—editor—editorial—editorialize
editor-in-chief（主编）
14.embody: (v.) express or give visible form to ideas, feelings, etc. ; include or contain sth. 体现
=express表达
To me, he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher. 在我看来，他身上体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质。

It’s necessary for the officials to embody principles in actions. 对官员们来说，用行动体现原则很有必要。

Words embody thought. 文字表达思想.
Dove is the embodiment of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征.
Usually rock music embodies the rebellion sprit of the younger generation.摇滚乐体现了年青人的反叛精神。

embodiment (n.)化身
15.grab (v./n.)
1. take sth. by force, capture, seize, snatch
Eg. He grabbed the book from my hand and ran off.
2. do sth. in a hurry
Eg. grab a nap/a breakfast
16.idle (adj./v.) not active, lazy
Don’t idle away your youth!
worthless, senseless, meaningless, useless
17.mirror: (v.) reflect as in a mirror
The trees were mirrored in the still water of the lake. 静静的湖水映出岸上的树木。

The decline in his influence mirrors a drop in his prestige. 他的影响减弱反映出他的威信下降。

18.misguided: misled, lost
19.motion: action, behavior
20.onstage（在台上）—offstage（在台后）(adj./adv.)
21.piety (n.)—pious (adj.)
22.pilgrim: person who travels to a holy place as an act of religious devotion
pilgrimage (n.) holy journey
23.ramble (v./n.) walk for pleasure with no special destination，wander, rambler
24.rebel (v./n.)—(n.) rebellion (adj.) rebellious
25.reject: (v.) put aside, throw away, as not good enough to be kept; refuse to accept
The idea that the earth is flat was rejected centuries ago. 地球是扁平的理论几百年前就被否决了。

The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. 军医拒收几名新兵，认为他们身体不合格。

26.reverence (n.) great respect 尊敬,崇敬
eg: They show great reverence to him .他们对他极为尊敬.
(v.) admire or respect 尊敬,崇敬
eg: He was still reverenced by people after many years . 多年以后他仍然受到人们的尊敬.
reverent (adj.) having a feeling of reverence 崇敬的
eg: This is a reverent behavior . 这是一种崇敬的行为.
27.sick: disgusting
28.sprinkle: (v.) scatter or throw sth. in small drops or particles etc. on (a surface); spread
Every morning the sanitation workers sprinkle water on the dusty streets.
每天早上清洁工人都要往尘土飞扬的街道上洒水。

Sprinkle sand along the icy path. 把沙撒在冰封的路上。

29.stand: endure, tolerate, bear, put up with
30.stuff: disorder
31.surge (v.) to move ,esp. forward ,in or like powerful waves 汹涌,澎湃
eg: The crowd surged past him . 人潮从他身边汹涌而过.
The crowds surged into the stadium.
The floods surged along the valley.
(n.) strong, wavelike, forward movement 波涛,巨浪
eg: The surge crashed against the coast .汹涌的波涛拍打着海岸.
32.sweat—sweaty—swelter
33.touch=lead to
34.urge: (v.) push or drive on, press sth. with requests and arguments
He urged that we should go. (He urged us to go.) 他催我们走。

They urged direct use of troops to try to suppress the movement. 他们敦促使用军队镇压这场运动。

35.variety show—talk show（脱口秀）—fashion show（时装秀）steal the show 抢镜头
短语(Expressions)
1. a range of一系列的
2.act out: show, perform action which represent, and may help to release, the fears, etc
She acted out the role of wronged lover to make him feel guilty. 她装扮作受冤枉的情人，好让他感到内疚。

The actress has acted out the heroine's part in detail. 女演员把女主人公这个角色细腻地表现出来。

3.affection for sth.
disaffection against sb./sth.
4.ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(n.) put a ban on sth.
5.be crawling with sth(aunts)
6.be drawn to sth.: be attracted to, be appealing to
7.clash with 冲撞
The meeting clashes with my English lesson, so I can’t go there.
bine A with/and B 把…和…结合在一起
9.conceive of: form an idea in the mind
It is difficult to conceive of traveling to the moon. 很难想象去月球旅行的情景。

I can't conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone. 我想不通你为什么让孩子独自旅行。

10.creep into someplace.
11.dressed in sth: wearing sth.
The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿一身白色的礼服。

They wanted to be dressed in clothes of virtue. 他们想穿得道貌岸然。

12.editorialize against 批判
editorialize against sb.: publish the editorials to criticize sb.
editorialize on/about 对于某一主题发表社论
13.get away from=escape from=keep away from摆脱……
14.go back to 回到……
15.go on and on继续
16.head for 去哪儿
17.in return: as repayment 回报
He gave her some roses in return for her kindness. 他送她一些玫瑰花答谢她的好意。

How much did he give you in return for your bicycle? 他买你的自行车给了你多少钱？
18.look at sb. as=consider/regard sb. as 把某人视作……
I look at you as my close/best friend.
19.mix sth. into=put sth. into=add/combine=blend
20.pack A in/into B.
pack B with A—be packed with
The stadium was packed with the football fans.
The restaurant was packed.
This newspaper is packed with a lot of useful information.
21.rather than: by preference or choice
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这鞋不好看，但很舒服。

Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 与其让蔬菜烂掉，他干脆以半价卖掉了。

rather than—more than—other than与其说……不如说……
She has no close friends other than him. （except）
She seldom appears other than happy. （not）
more accuracy than originality
22.reverence for sb.
23.sing of: to speak, tell about, or praise in poetry or songs
The poet sang of victory. 诗人歌颂胜利。

They sang of his brave deeds. 他们称颂他的英勇行为。

24.speak about 谈论
speak of 谈及
speak for= on behalf of sb. 替某人说话
=representing; state the wishes, views, etc of sb.; act as a spoken man for sb.
25.sprinkling over 洒到……上此处为现在分词作伴随状语
sprinkle sth. on/onto/over sth. pour 倾泻
out of/into/along creeping wine
26.think of 想起
27.urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事。