朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(英国文化 性格特点与礼貌)【圣才出品】

第8章性格特点与礼貌

I.Identify each of the following in English:

1.English modesty

【答案】(1)English modesty is a quality closely related to English reserve.

(2)Within their heart,the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else,but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty.

(3)Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred,and the English are typical of self-deprecation.

2.Sportsmanship as an English ideal

【答案】(1)Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain.

(2)Sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.

(3)Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general.This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.

3.The English class system

【答案】(1)As a social convention,the English class system is much less rigid than it was,but it still exists below the surface.

(2)Broadly speaking,it means there are two classes,the“middle class”and the“working class”The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men

and professional people of all kinds;the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.

(3)The most obvious difference between them is in their accent.The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people,and are usually more cultured.

4.The English sense of humor

【答案】(1)English sense of humor is a quality that is similar to English modesty.Its starting point is self-deprecation,and its great enemy is conceit.

(2)Its ideal is to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults,one’s own failures and embarrassments,even at one’s own ideals.

(3)It is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes.This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious.

II.Fill in the blanks:

1.Loud speech in Britain is considered_____.

【答案】ill-bred

【解析】在英国，大声讲话被视为是没有教养的行为。

2.In their relations with others,Englishmen value at least a show of_____,whose enemy is_____.

【答案】modesty,conceit

【解析】在英国人的内心中，自负感也许并不比其他任何人少，但在他人的交往中，至少会表现出一种谦虚。

3.Prince Philip once said that_____is‘God’s greatest gift to mankind.

【答案】humor

【解析】菲利普王子曾说过，幽默是上帝赐予人类最好的礼物。

4.The terms such as‘never hit a man when he’s down’and‘playing the game，or‘playing fair’reflect a sense of_____.

【答案】sportsmanship

【解析】体育精神和幽默感一样是英国人的追求，但并不是所有的英国人都能达到。

III.Answer the questions:

1.What are some of the characteristics of a reserved English man?

【答案】He does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion,and seldom gets excited.

2.What are some of the differences between the middle class and the working class pointed out by the author?Do you agree?

【答案】The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds.The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.The most obvious difference between the working class and the