名词的抽象译法
名词的抽象和具体译法
• 狗急跳墙→do something desperate • 另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的
具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法, 主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词, 如:
• 谦虚态度→modesty
• 发展过程→development
3.Her indifference kept all the away from the exhibition hall.
她的冷漠态度把许多参观者挡在展览馆门外。
4.Every life has its roses and thorns.
每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
5.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature.
从事教学使我的工作进程有了规律, 使我的生活变得丰富多彩,既向我提 出了挑战,也为我提供了不断学习的 机会。
2.The stars twinkled in transparent clarity.
星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。
3.Public opinion is demanding more and more urgently that something must be done about air pollution.
翻译的具体和抽象
杨鉴琳 李孟云
原文抽象,译文具体
• 英语抽象名词具体化
• 以具体法补充外围语义成分
• 用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化
英语抽象名词具体化
从词类的使用来看, 英语多用名词,有 静,虚,抽象的特点;汉语多用动词, 有动,实,具体的特点。抽象名词中, 有许多为英语所独有,在汉语中很难 找到对应词。因此,在英译汉时,需 要运用词类的转化,意义的引申或加 适当的范畴词使其具体化,以便符合 汉语的习惯。
英汉翻译要点归纳
英汉翻译要点归纳一、翻译步骤1.断句:在标点符号、连词、关系词、介词、不定式符号to、分词处断句,找出句子主干On the whole, /(标点符号处)such a conclusion can be drawn /with(介词处) a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom(关系词处) he is being compared, /and(连词处) only if he was not punished/ by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.2.翻译:根据断句断开翻译并适当调整语序*语序问题:①中文为主语+废话+主要内容英文为主语+主要内容+废话or废话(多为状语)+主语+主要内容中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。
As a major developing country,(状语先译) China attaches great importance to the bilateral relations between China and the U.S(废话后译).②总分关系:中文先分后总,英文先总后分③事实与评论:中文先事实后评论,英文先评论后事实我们要努力学习英语,这是很重要的。
It is very important(先评论) for us to make efforts to study English.●比较级属于评论性词,最后译3.重读:看是否符合中文习惯二、两个规律1.谓语动词过渡:只译主要动词(强势动词,有感情色彩),不译次要动词(弱势动词,无感情色彩)I give you my support.我支持你(give弱势动词,不用翻译)2.抽象名词译法:【抽象名词:the+n.+of结构中名次通常为抽象名词,且常以“-tion,-sion,-ment,-ing”形式出现】译法:A.有动词词根:译为动词The suggestion of mine is that 我建议……B.无动词词根:进行增词the spirit of our nation我们民族所具有的精神C.AB互换(“偏正互换”译法)在英译汉中偏正→正偏treasury of silt宝贵的泥沙 European’s today当今的欧洲人三、中英文两个差异1.长短差异:中文善用短句,用标点隔开;英文善用长句,不用标点→在进行英译汉时要进行断句翻译2.动静差异:中文是动态性语言,善用动词副词,善用强势动词;英文是静态性语言,善用名词,善用弱势动词→在汉译英中常把ad.转化为v.,把v.转化为n.在经济上,我们要加快(副词)建立(动词)社会主义市场经济体制。
汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random(with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二.翻译下列句子(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。
科技英语翻译-第3章
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 一、直译 所谓直译,就是把原文中名词或名词短语本身的含义翻 译出来。如: A power reactor has no need of air, for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of unclear fission, not of combustion. 动力反应堆不需要空气,因为在铀堆中产生的热室核裂 变而不是燃烧的结果。 Differentiation can also be expressed in terms of biochemical activities. 分化也可以用生化活动来表达。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 三、增译 名词的增译多数是为了使译文更符合汉语的表达方式与习惯。如: Breeding of hummingbirds takes? place in May and June. 蜂鸟生育繁殖的时间是每年的五月和六月。 译文在breeding后增译了“时间”;在in May and June前增译了 “每年”,使整个句子读起来更加通顺,意思表达更准确完整。 A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a? reamer. 钻好的孔可用铰刀加工,使其尺寸精确,表面光滑。 该句在形容词accyrate and smooth前分别增译了名词“尺寸”和 “表面”,译文的意思表达的更明确一些。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
具体译法和抽象译法
非常罕见
→once in a blue moon
干苦差事
1
→hold(carry)the baby
2
反应快
3
→think on one’s feet
4
→quick on the trigger
5
保密
6
→keep something under one’s hat
7
05
We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.
6
顺手牵羊→walk off with something
7
唇枪舌剑→engage in a battle of argument
8
黔驴技穷→at one’s wit’s end
9
I was practically on my knees but he still refused.
我几乎是苦苦哀求,但他依然拒绝。
我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发作用。
All the people were exasperated by his fault-find怒了。
His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.
他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。
He is a rolling stone I don’t think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。
I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.
我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事,但是我不能打包票。
12-Abstract Nouns
• modesty
• Sympathy
• • • • • •
preparation transition tension backwardness brutality anti-violence
谦虚态度 同情心理 准备工作 演变过程 /过渡阶 段 紧张局势/气氛 落后状态 残暴行为 防暴措施
Practice
Other Examples of Abstract → Concrete
I only know the basic moves of Chinese chess. 象棋,我只懂马走日,象走田。
This is not a real gun, but it is a good imitation . 这不是真枪,却是一件上佳的仿制品。
1.
English Abstract N. → Chinese Concrete V.
(1) The growing awareness by millions of people of their intolerable condition of life had promoted them to revolt. 千百万人民日益意识到自己的生活条件不堪忍受,这促使他们 起来反抗。
1) He felt the patriotism rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
2) His new car made him the envy of every boy in the neighborhood. 他有了一辆新车,这使他成了邻里男孩们羡慕的对象。
Practice
1. He was always an unwelcome intruder. 他经常不请自来,冒冒失失地闯入别人的家里。 2. The teacher told me to set a high value on our time. 老师告诉我们要珍惜时间。 3. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 任何事情,只要他一露面,就算是成功了。
名词的抽象译法
3.对于他向你做出这种粗陋无礼的行为,我深感抱歉。 I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.
名词的抽象译法
具体名词到抽象名词的转换实则是形象思维到抽象思维的转换。汉语名 词倾向于具体,而英语则倾向于抽象,因此,英译时,在无法保留形象 的情况下,要采取抽象的意译处理,以求双语符号的语义对应,让译文 忠实通顺。
名词的抽象译法
名词抽象译法
成语和习语抽象译法
抽象译法句子翻译
一、名词抽象译法
实例: 实例
Chinese
暴力事件 耐心态度 过敏反应 主要旅游观 光场所
English violence patience allergy
Chinese
隔离政策 紧张局势 不公正现象
English segregation tension injustice the educated Boston
名词的抽象和具体译法
名词的抽象译法
具体名词
张三李四 绫罗绸缎 生米煮成熟饭 木已成舟
抽象名词
-ment -tion -ism -ity -ence
(化实为虚) 化实为虚)
从语义角度出发,汉语中名词倾向于具体,许多表示具体概念的词语 往往有泛指意义或引申意义。翻译时用表示泛指意义的概括词语或表 示引申意义的词语表达。
海阔天空: 海阔天空
单枪匹马: 单枪匹马
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
两袖清风 译文1:clean hands 译文2:free from wrong-doing(or guiltless)
练习: 练习: 灯红酒绿 灌迷汤 dissipated and luxurious butter sb. up 鸟语花香 老古董 a fine spring day
英汉翻译技巧
英汉翻译技巧中英文的三大差异一、中英文句式的差异:中文善于用短句且用标点符号;英文善于用长句,不注重标点的使用。
因此,在英译汉时,要多用短句;汉译英时,则多用长句。
如,With the conclusion of a burst activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.随着剧烈运动的结束,体液中的乳酸升高,让大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态,直到乳酸经过有氧的新陈代谢,由肝脏重新转化为葡萄糖,而葡萄糖接下来又部分地返回到肌肉当中形成糖原。
解析:英文句是由介词短语,定语从句,非谓语动词组成的长句,但翻译成汉语时则将这些介词短语、定语从句和非谓语成分翻译成了短句,体现了英文善用长句,中文善用短句的特点。
二、中英文动静的差异:中文是动态性语言,善于用动词;英文是静态性语言,善于用名词;中文善用名词或省略,英文善用代词。
因此,英译汉时,多用动词,汉译英时,多用名词。
如,Stepped up their aggression against China 加快了他们攻击中国的步伐Resorted to compromise and capitulation诉诸在外部的妥协和投降解析:“aggression”, “compromise”, “capitulate”等都是名词,翻译成汉语时转化为动词形式。
三、中文是意合语言,英文是形合语言:英译汉要省略适当连词,汉译英要加适当连词。
翻译的基本技巧--抽象与具体
翻译的基本技巧——抽象与具体中国人的思维趋向于具象化,而西方人的思维则趋向于抽象化。
中国传统文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,而西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”。
中国人“尚象”的文化传统形成了其偏重具象的思维方式。
而西方人“尚思”的文化传统形成了其偏重抽象的思维方式。
英语常用大量的抽象名词来表达实的概念。
例如:The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.(= No news is good news. )译文:没有消息就是好消息。
英语抽象名词的译法一)由动词抽象而来的的名词译成动词英语中有名词化倾向,即用名词表示动作、行为等有动词表达的意义。
这种词多是动词的同源名词。
如:1)The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement ofthe Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawalfrom occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement ofIsrael' s right to exist.1967年的联合国文件呼吁解决中东冲突,其基础是以色列从被占领的土地上撤退,阿拉伯国家则承认以色列人的生存权。
2) The growing awareness by millions of people oftheir intolerable condition of life had promoted them torevolt.千百万人民日益意识到自己的生活条件不堪忍受,这促使他们起来反抗。
二) 含有动作意义的抽象名词译成动词英语中另一个倾向是许多名词有动词意义或动作意义,这类词汇在译成汉语时通常要译为动词。
如1) She said this with a provocative glance and a gleam of teeth.他说这话时挑衅地看了一眼,还把牙一呲。
抽象与具体译法
会上,两方发生争执,一方拂袖而去。 The two parties fell into fierce dispute. At last one party got up abruptly and walked off in a huff.
静谧的小巷里想起了清脆的自行车铃声。 The crisp jangling of the bicycle rises from the
quite alley.
2020/1/18
Байду номын сангаас
C-t-E Translation
18
他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
5
抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词 组或成语进行抽象概括,如:
开门见山→come straight to the point 狗急跳墙→do something desperate
另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化 名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法,主要是在翻译 过程中去掉后面的范畴词,如:
•我们都来自五湖四海。 •We are from all corners of the country.
•不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 •Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
8
具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象 的成分用具体的成分表达出来,从而消除或 降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失,使译文产 生与原文同样的效果。
英译中总结
英译中总结1.具体名词+抽象名词:译“具体”不译“抽象”。
通常形式为the+n.+of+n.Eg:①A number of writers have raised questions the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries.译:近年来,不少人或撰文或著书,已经提出质疑:为经济而发展经济,至少在较富裕的国家究竟有无必要?②An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.译:当某个经济体的这种产出能力不再扩大,人们就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。
③But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety.译:但是由于更新换代的速度太快,反而使人们倍感焦虑。
④One major risk to stability is the growing imbalance in global payments and the associated market anxiety about the possibility of a disorderly adjustment of the imbalance through sudden changes in exchange rates and global interest rates.译:影响稳定的一个主要风险是全球支付体系的不断失衡,市场随之会担心失衡现象有可能带来通过突然改变汇率和全球利率的无序调整。
名词的抽象译法课件
语言流畅性
总结词
保持译文的流畅性和通顺度,使读者能够顺利理解抽象名词的含义。
详细描述
在翻译过程中,注意句子的结构、语序和表达方式,使译文自然、连贯,符合目标语言的表达习惯。
04
抽象名词翻译实例分析
描述性抽象名词实例分析
总结词
描述性抽象名词通常用于描述事物的性质、状态或特征,翻译时需要准确传达原文的含义。
03
抽象名词的翻译技巧
语境理解
总结词
在翻译抽象名词时,需要深入理解原文的语境,把握作者的 意图和情感色彩。
详细描述
通过对上下文的分析,理解抽象名词所表达的概念、情感或 态度,从而在译文中准确地传达原意。
词汇选择
总结词
选择适当的词汇来翻译抽象名词,确 保译文准确传达原文的含义。
详细描述
根据语境和语言习惯,选用适当的词 汇来表达抽象名词,避免歧义和误解 。
详细描述
例如,“革命”可以翻译为“revolution”,“政府”可以翻译为 “government”,“战争”可以翻译为“war”。
关系性抽象名词
总结词
这类抽象名词主要描述事物之间的关系或联系,翻译时需要强调其关系意义。
详细描述
例如,“民主”可以翻译为“democracy”,“科学”可以翻译为“science” ,“文化”可以翻译为“culture”。
对学习者的建议
总结:学习者应该注重培养语言感知能力和文化素养,通过大量阅读和翻译实践来提高对语言的理解和表达能力。同时,要 善于总结和归纳翻译中的问题和经验,不断完善自己的翻译技巧和水平。
学习者可以多阅读各类文章和文学作品,了解不同领域的知识和文化,提高自己的文化素养和语言感知能力。同时,可以多 进行翻译实践,尝试不同类型的文本和题材,不断总结和归纳翻译中的问题和经验,提高自己的翻译技巧和水平。此外,学 习者还可以参加翻译培训和交流活动,与其他翻译爱好者互相学习和交流,共同提高翻译水平和能力。
Chapter 名词的抽象和具体译法
练习: 他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。
Their optimism moved us greatly.
三、抽象译法句子翻译
例:我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人. I knew that many families today were conscious of absences.
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
粗枝大叶:
with big branches and large leaves 正译: to be crude and careless
海阔天空:
with a vast sea and boundless sky 正译:to talk with random
单枪匹马:
with a solitary spear and a single horse 正译:to be single-handed in doing sth
主要旅游观 光场所
the major tourist attractions
波士顿的知识 the educated
界人士
Boston
汉语命名中倾向于增加范畴词, 如"问题"、"态度"、" 局势"、“现象”等,这 些词有的是出于表达形象具体的需要, 有的则是修辞上的需要,没有实质意义。 英译时都可以用抽象的词语来表达,进行抽象化处理。
三、抽象译法句子翻译
练习: 1.不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 2.我们都来自五湖四海。 We are from all corners of the country.
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
lecture 10 抽象译法
make fish of one and flesh of another →厚此薄彼 厚此薄彼 lick sb‘s boots →巴结 巴结 eat one’s heart out →极度悲痛 极度悲痛 be in sb’s pocket →被某人操纵 被某人操纵
Exercise:
1. There had been much violence in that city. 2. Her jealousy caused her failure. 3. Her indifference kept her classmates away from her. 4. All the irregularities in the university will be punished. 5. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
The decision is entirely amicable and after spending all of our adult life together so far, we want to have a well-earned break and look at new ventures. We see the greatest hits collection and the farewell tour as the perfect way to celebrate our incredible career along with our fans. We are really looking forward to getting out on the tour and seeing our fans one last time.
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名词的抽象译法
具体名词到抽象名词的转换实则是形象思维到抽象思维的转换。汉语名 词倾向于具体,而英语则倾向于抽象,因此,英译时,在无法保留形象 的情况下,要采取抽象的意译处理,以求双语符号的语义对应,让译文 忠实通顺。
三、抽象译法句子翻译
练习: 1.不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。 Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 2.我们都来自五湖四海。 We are from all corners of the country.
3.对于他向你做出这种粗陋无礼的行为,我深感抱歉。 I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
两袖清风 译文1:clean hands 译文2:free from wrong-doing(or guiltless)
练习: 灯红酒绿 dissipated and luxurious 鸟语花香 a fine spring day
灌迷汤 butter sb. up
老古董 old fashioned person
二、成语和习语的抽象译法
粗枝大叶:
with big branches and large leaves 正译: to be crude and careless
海阔天空:
with a vast sea and boundless sky 正译:to talk with random
单枪匹马:
with a solitary spear and a single horse 正译:to be single-handed in doing sth
三、抽象译法句子翻译
我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题. 译文1:We must pay close attention to the problem of the gap between
coastal and inland areas. 译文2:We must pay close attention to the gap between coastal and
inland areas. “差距问题”进行了抽象化处理 类似的范畴词语有:任务、现象、因素、态度、活动、状况等.
练习: 他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。
Their optimism moved us greatly.
三、抽象译法句子翻译
例:我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人. I knew that many families today were conscious of absences.
名词的抽象和具体译法
名词的抽象译法
具体名词
张三李四 绫罗绸缎 生米煮成熟饭 木已成舟
抽象名词
-ment -tion -ism来自-ity -ence(化实为虚)
从语义角度出发,汉语中名词倾向于具体,许多表示具体概念的词语 往往有泛指意义或引申意义。翻译时用表示泛指意义的概括词语或表 示引申意义的词语表达。
例:我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.
例:只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不尽。 If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
the major tourist 波士顿的知识 the educated
attractions
界人士
Boston
汉语命名中倾向于增加范畴词, 如"问题"、"态度"、" 局势"、“现象”等,这 些词有的是出于表达形象具体的需要, 有的则是修辞上的需要,没有实质意义。 英译时都可以用抽象的词语来表达,进行抽象化处理。
名词的抽象译法
名词抽象译法
成语和习语抽象译法 抽象译法句子翻译
一、名词抽象译法
实例:
Chinese
English
Chinese
English
暴力事件 耐心态度 过敏反应
主要旅游观 光场所
violence patience allergy
隔离政策 紧张局势 不公正现象
segregation tension injustice