小微企业金融租赁研究中英文对照外文翻译文献

小微企业金融租赁研究中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
The Research on Financial Leasing and China’s Small Micro
Enterprises
Abstract：The financing difficulties is China’s small micro enterprises existence a universal problem, it has become the main small micro enterprises development of a bottleneck. The financial leasing in the service of small micro enterprises has marked effect. First, to broaden the financing channels of small micro enterprises, second, reduce the fund pressure of small micro enterprises, and the third, promote the technology innovation of small micro enterprises, fourth, promote the market development of small micro enterprises. Due to lack of necessary knowledge on financial leasing, corresponding policies imperfect, lack of the necessary capital supply, affecting the development of financial leasing. To promote the development of financial leasing, China should establish uniform management system, improve the relevant policies, expand the funding sources of financial leasing.
Key words: Small micro enterprises; Financial leasing; Role; Problems; Suggestions
INTRODUCTION：
Small micro enterprises in the process of economic development of China plays a more and more prominent role, however, China’s small micro enterprises generally faced the difficulty of shortage of funds. How to solve the financing problems of small micro enterprises is a hot issue in China’s economic development. Studies have shown that financial leasing is an effective way to solve the financing difficulties of small micro enterprises in China. Positive development of financial leasing, can effectively resolve the financing problems of small micro enterprises, thereby promoting economic development.
Financial Leasing as a new way to trade, it put the traditional rental, trade and financial way all organic combination up, be understood as a financing bank loans and capital markets after the third road. Financial leasing has the dual function of financing and financial objects, has its unique advantages in the service of the real economy, especially in services to small micro enterprises. In 2010 June, Chinese financial authorities issued further completes the small micro enterprise financial service work certain opinions, requirement to the development of the financial leasing business. The full display financial leasing’s function, may promote the small micro enterprise’s development effectively.
1. FINANCIAL LEASING IS THE IDEAL FINANCING OPTIONS FOR SMES IN CHINA
Because China’s small micro enterprises financing channel is narrow, the financial leasing in service for small companies can give full play to the advantages provided a condition.The enterprise financing way has stockholder’s rights financing and the creditor’s rights financing two types. Stockholder’s rights financing can be divided into two forms: public offering and private collect. The public to raise financing is IPO financing. From the present situation of the development of China’s capital market see, through the IPO of the financing of enterprise are only a small part, thousands of companies listed on the inside and outside is only a very small part of the tens of millions of enterprises. Do not need to undergo a rigorous listing of the audit through a private placement financing, relatively speaking, easier to achieve financing, however, due to the operation of the private equity funds to achieve legalization, even though the public has a lot of private equity funds exist, but really be able to supply the amount of money is relatively limited. On the creditor’s rights financing, at present China’s form of creditor’s rights financing is sing le,
mainly bank credit channel. Bank considering security problems, often to provide money for a credit ratings, the strength of large enterprises, in addition, due to the bank credit market degree is relatively low, not established truly mature enterprise credit rating system, especially the rating system of the small micro enterprises, so that the bank credit activity impossible cover a much wider range of debt financing needs, only to meet a range of financing demand. So, small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small micro enterprises financing constraints become enterprise development of a bottleneck. Financial leasing way was invented in the 1950s, as a kind of long-term debt financing, is by the lesser according to the lessee’s need, in advanc e in accordance with the contract, the lessee to designated betray a person to buy the lessee designate d fixed assets, in the lessor has the fixed assets under the premise of ownership, to the lessee pays the rent for conditions, will be a period of time fixed assets and earnings of the right to transfer to the lessee. Financial lease financing way has several obvious features: First, the lessee may have a full financing. Second, can save the lessee's capital investment, reduce business cash flow pressure. Third, the leased equipment is selec ted according to their needs to determine by the lessee. Fourth, lease activities involve at least three parties, can form the mutual restrict. Fifth, after the expiry of the lease, the lessee of the equipment used dispose of the three options remain to purchase, renew or surrender of tenancy rights. At the same time, the financial leasing has the function of financing and product promotion function. Financial leading’s characteristic and the function speaking of the financing channel narrow small micro enterprise, is one relatively ideal financing solution way. Therefore, financial leasing has superiority serves for the small micro enterprises, it easier to become one kind of substitution choice of small micro enterprises long-term creditor's rights debt financing.
2. THE ROLE PLAYED BY FINANCIAL LEASING SERVICES TO SMES
Financial leasing advantage decided it has a unique role in service for small micro enterprises. Financial leasing has the following advantages: First, provides professional services for small micro enterprises. Leasing companies often choose some specific industry to carry out leasing business, can provide enterprises with professional services. In the process of cooperation with the enterprise, the leasing company in addition to providing financing service outside, with the development of it industry, enterprise to the understanding of the profit model, and master the management of the enterprise, which objectively can play on small micro enterprises guidance.
Second, procedure is simple, flexible service. Usually, the small micro enterprises has short, anxious, the quick characteristic to the fund demand. Compared with the bank credit, financial leasing to the lessee of assets and liabilities of the requirements is not high, do not need to strict examination and approval, only need to the lessee of the future cash flow of an investigation. The small micro enterprises with rents the company to work out the different contract, satisfies the tenant to the cash flow request, the rent payment pattern may also process nimbly. Therefore, financial leasing way more accord with small micro enterprises capital demand characteristic. Third, helps small micro enterprises to reduce operation risk. Not afford to buy production equipment, the lessee obtained through financial leasing equipment, the project put into operation as early as the early benefit from improved operating efficiency. The financial leasing reduces the outflow of funds for the enterprise equipping. Financial leasing scheme is designed with a certain degree of flexibility, leasing companies can be tailored according to the enterprise’s cash flow rent repayment plan, avoid enterprise repayment pressure too concentrated, thereby reducing the financial risk. Entered into a lease contract, the equipment prices, rentals and other important issues are to determine the one-time, the lease term remains fixed, thus reducing the uncertainty due to price fluctuations in the process of renting. Because financial leasing has the advantage, therefore, it plays a unique role in service for small micro enterprises.
2.1 Expand the Small Micro Enterprise’s
Financing Channel Bank considers to the safety of the credit funds to set up corresponding assets loan mortgage conditions, the small micro enterprises are restricted by many factors, it is difficult to obtain loan from the bank. Compared with the cumbersome procedure of the bank loans, financial leasing often do not require the lessee to provide credit guarantee finance simplicity, therefore, the financial leasing for those in the early days, there’s no mortgage assets, the lack of complete credit history, asset-liability ratio higher small micro enterprises, especially small micro enterprises in the start-up stage to provide a realistic financing channels.
2.2 Reduce the Small Micro Enterprise’s Fund Pressure Compared with corporate self-purchase of equipment, through financial leasing, the lessee pays the rent way to obtain the right to use of machinery and equipment, a combination of financing and investment, to create the operating profit. Although the equipment not getting the ownership of the equipment, but, the enterprise to pay the rent for the far less than the amount needed for the lump sum investment
financing volume. With the aid of financial leasing, the lessee is by equipment, return the money, namely to rent way to pay for the equipment. The rent installment payment amount by the lessee and the lessor is both in their cash flow condition considered after certain, beneficial to the lessee cash flow, managing enterprise capital expenditure, reduce the financial pressure. In addition, because of the financial leasing is not included in the company’s balance sheet, through financial leasing enterprises can reduce the rate of assets and liabilities, for the enterprise development laid the foundation for other financing activities
2.3 Promote the Small Micro Enterprise’s Technological Innovation Financial leasing can make both supply and demand meet directly, reduce the intermediate link, so as to facilitate the equipment into the fields, and drive enterprise production development, financial leasing to become the link of enterprises cohesion production and sales. Due to the strength of strong small micro enterprises reduce the full risk of equipment investment, so that enterprises have more energy to track changes in the market, accelerate technical innovation pace, produces more competitive products. Small micro enterprises through financial leasing to reduce the burden of equipment investment, quickly get the needed technology and equipment. This way can shorten the technological transformation of the enterprise and equipment renewal cycle, through the continuous rent advanced equipment to shorten the time machine equipment use, thus speeding up production equipment renewal, maintain production technology lead, and seizes the market opportunities.
2.4 Promote the Small Micro Enterprise to Develop the Market Financing and the sale are two difficult problems which the small micro enterprises faces. Financial leasing has not only solved enterprise's financing problem, moreover the help enterprise has developed the market. May reduce the selling expenses through financial leasing, reduces purchases the threshold, enhancement customer purchase ability, to reduce sells link's account receivable and the time sale risk. At the same time, because financial leasing is one kind manages the behavior, between the lessor and the tenant maintains continually the good communication condition, the tenant can act according to the customer feedback the information, carries on the renewal and the consummation to the product, maintains the product the lead. Through financial leasing, may communicate the finance, the trade, to produce three markets, the guidance capital reasonable order is mobile, promotion financial capital, industrial capital and trade capital fusion.
3. THE PROBLEMS OF CHINA’S FINANCIAL LEASING AND WHY
2011 China financial leasing industry development report shows, to the end of 2011, 286 Chinese operations in the book all types of financial leasing companies, financial leasing contract balance of approximately 930 billion yuan. Should say, financial leasing industry development scale and the development of the Chine se economy condition is don’t match
3.1 Problems of Financial Leasing
Although China financial leasing business started in 1981, but look on the whole, it is still a new business in China, is still in the initial stage of development, the external market environment, the legal environment is still not perfect and mature. As the main body of market rental company professional skills, management level, risk control ability has yet to be further improved. 2011 China financial leasing industry development repo rt listed the problems of China’s financial leasing industry: First, to financial leasing profession understanding existence erroneous zone. The Department concerned thought that financial leasing will boost the inflation, thus, the financial leasing compa ny has adopted the scale control policy, rented enterprise’s sources of fund to come under the influence. Second, financial leasing business in areas around the development is not balanced. As 90% of all types of financial leasing companies are concentrated in 30 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, while the rest of the country more than 200 Earth-level above the city, including some capital cities, has not a financial leasing company. Third, relevant laws and regulations are not perfect. The development of financial leasing industry still lacks a unified and effective judicial safeguard. Fourth, financial leasing company’s risk awareness is still relatively weak. The country related supervisory department’s supervision system is not perfect. Many lease enterprises did not set up effective risk control mechanism. Some lease enterprise on a smaller scale, but business promoting soon, capital adequacy ratio even less than 1%. Some comprehensive lease in the business enterprise develop, after-sales back to the proportion of the rent is too big. In addition, China’s financial leasing industry regulation is not uniform. China’s financial leasing industry, according to the different nature of the investor, by the People’s Bank of China, the CBRC, the CSRC, the Ministry of Commerce of China, both funded by commercial banks or the four asset management companies, non-bank financial institutions supervision by the CBRC, also includes by each kind of non-financial enterprise investment, the Ministry of Commerce of China is responsible to supervise, not to include the financial organ to rent the
company。

3.2 The Cause of the Problems
The main reason is to influence the development of China’s financial leasing: First, the society lacks the enough understanding to financial leasing. Looking from the idea angle, the China’s enterprise is accustomed to have equipment’s property rights, makes every effort itself to have the machinery equipment. This has created the partial machinery equipment idle condition to a certain extent. In fact, the lease can greatly improve the utilization of equipment. Second, a comprehensive policy package problems. Leasing penetration is far lower than developed countries, is incompatible with the speed and level of development of China’s ec onomic development, one important reason is related legal construction to lag behind the development of the leasing industry. In China, the lack of a unified financial leasing legislation and supporting regulations are not perfect, under the existing law of contract, the reality of laws system, rents the power is the relations obtains the effective safeguards with difficulty. Third, the money supply problems. Leasing companies lack the necessary financing channels and means of financing, financial leasing is not according to the market demand for independent raise funds, therefore, difficult to meet the demand for rental business.
4. THE SUGGESTIONS OF PROMOTE CHINA’S FINANCIAL LEASING
DEVELOPMENT
In view of the financial leasing to small micro enterprises with outstanding advantage, the state should be the development of financial leasing to give more accommodative policy. China since launching financial leasing business since, after more than 30 years of development, has initially formed a certain scale, but, due to the management system of unity, leasing company business scope narrow, rental agencies such as less problems affecting the development of financial leasing and function. To speed up the development of financial leasing, should be united financial leasing management system, to strengthen the management of the lease. The government should set up and perfect the financial leasing legislation, perfect the preferential policy. By expanding the sources of funding in the financial leasing, and promote the development of financial leasing.
4.1 To Establish a Unified Financial Leasing Management System Due to the management system, financial leasing management is not uniform, the pattern of inconsistent regulatory system.
Different types of leasing companies have different management practices; their ability to finance is not the same, large differences in market activity, unequal competition within the industry, thus affecting the development of financial leasing. The Government should set up a national leasing association, to establish a unified management system to realize the unified management of the financial leasing. Come on stage of industry standards and work out unified industry standard, unified the self-discipline issued management measures, clear all kinds of market access conditions of the leasing company, business scope and operating procedures, improve the system of supervision and management indicators.
4.2 Improve the Relevant Supporting Policies
Speeding up the financial leasing legislation, establish and perfect the financial leasing regulations, standardize all kinds of financial leasing company’s products, clear all kinds of financial leasing company equal legal status. Perfect the corresponding preferential policies. Because of the financial leasing has strong cross industry characteristics, facing the tax, license, registration of property rights, import and export tax rebate and a series of policy issues, in addition, each of the local policy of inconsistent standards, for the lease of preferential policies are not uniform, some practices are not relevant departments of the state recognition, financial leasing in the actual operation process there is some risk. The government should coordinate all aspects of policy, for the development of financial leasing to create a good policy environment.
4.3 Expand Financial Leasing Funds
Because capital source of a single, long on bank lending, the leasing company development power and the risk control ability is insufficient. The government should make the financial leasing loan guidelines, given the financial leasing companies greater credit support. Promote the docking of the financial lease and bond markets, capital markets, study the management approach on leasing companies to issue bonds or IPO, effectively solve the leasing company capital source. In addition, to strengthen the financial leasing propaganda, improve the social influence of financial leasing, for the financial leasing industry to create a favorable external environment. Increase financial leasing personnel training, to provide personnel support for the development of financial leasing.
5.Conclusion
Small micro enterprises play an increasingly prominent role in economic development,
therefore, the promotion of small micro enterprises development is an important driving force of China’s economy in the future be able to maintain sustained growth. If do not solve the financing difficulties of small micro enterprises, it will affect the sustainable development of China’s economy. The financing difficulties of small micro enterprises in China are a widespread problem. Analysis of the financing channels for enterprises, financial leasing is an effective way to solve the financing problems of small micro enterprises in China. To promote the development of the China's financial leasing, through top-down design of the system, to establish a unified financial leasing management system, and improve related policies, and effectively expand the funding sources of financial leasing
翻译：
金融租赁和中国的小微企业的研究
摘要：融资难是中国的小微企业存在的一个普遍问题，它已成为小微企业发展
一个主要的瓶颈。

金融租赁在小的微型企业具有显着的效果。

首先，能拓宽小微企业融资渠道，第二，降低小微企业的资金压力，第三，推动小微企业技术创新，第四，推动市场
发展小微企业。

由于缺乏对金融租赁必要的知识，相应的政策不完善，缺乏必要的资金供给，影响金融租赁的发展。

为了促进金融租赁的发展，中国应建立统一的管理制度，完善的
相关政策，扩大财政资金来源租赁。

关键词：小微企业，金融租赁;作用;问题; 建议
介绍：小微企业在中国的经济过程发展起着越来越突出的作用，但是，中国的小微企业普遍面临资金短缺的困难。

如何解决小微企业的融资问题是一个热门问题。

在中国的经济发展有研究表明金融租赁是解决小微企业融资难的有效途径。

金融租赁的良性发展，可以有效解决小微企业融资难题，从而促进经济发展。

金融租赁作为一种新的交易方式，它把传统的租赁，贸易与金融方式有机的组合起来，可以理解为融资银行贷款而后的第三条道路资本市场。

融资租赁具有融资和财务目标的双重功能，在实际的服务中的独特经济优势，特别是对
小微企业的服务。

2010年6月，中国金融机构进一步发行完成了小微企业金融服务工作的若干意见，和要求发展的融资租赁业务。

充分展示金融租赁的功能，可促进小微企业的发展。

1.金融租赁是理想的融资方案。

中国的中小企业因为中国的小微企业融资渠道狭窄，对小的金融租赁服务企业可以充分发挥优势。

企业融资方式具有的股权融资和融资两类债权人的权利。

股权融资可以被划分成两个形式：公开发售及私人收藏。

公众筹集资金是IPO融资。

从目前的中国资本市场的发展状况看，通过企业的融资上市是只有一小部分，成千上万的公司在上市的是几十只有非常小的一部分。

数以百万计的企业不需要经过严格的审核通过私募融资上市，但是相对来说，更容易实现融资。

由于私募基金实现的操作合法化，即使市民有很多私人股票型基金存在的，但真正能够提供的金额的钱是相对有限的。

对债权人的权利融资，目前中国的形式的债权融资单一，主要是银行信贷渠道。

银行由于考虑安全问题，往往提供资金的是大企业，此外，由于银行信贷市场化程度还比较低，不建立真正成熟的企业信用评级系统，特别是小微企业评级体系，从而使银行信贷活动不可能盖一个更大范围的债务融资需求，只有满足一些的融资需求。

因此，小型和中型企业，尤其是小微企业融资的一个瓶颈制约着企业发展。

融资租赁的方式发明于20世纪50年代，作为一个样的长期债务融资，是根据出租人承租人的需要，提前按照合同，承租人指定一个人买承租人固定资产，在出租人拥有固定所有权的前提下，资产，承租人支付租金为条件，在一段时间的固定资产和权收益转移给承租人。

金融租赁融资的方式有几个明显的特点：一，承租人可以有充分的融资。

其次，可以节省承租人的资金投入，降低企业现金流的压力。

三，租赁设备的选择根据自己的需要来确定由承租人。

四，租赁业务涉及至少三个当事人，可以形成相互制约。

第五，到期后租赁设备的承租人使用的处置这三个选项仍然购买，续约或投降租赁权。

在同一时间，金融租赁具有融资和产品推广的功能。

融资租赁的特点和功能来讲，融资渠道窄小微型企业是一种较理想的融资解决方案方法。

因此，融资租赁具有的优势服务于小微企业，更容易成为一种替代小微企业的选择的长期的债权债务融资。

2 。

发挥金融租赁的对中小企业的服务的作用。

融资租赁的优势决定了它具有独特的服务小微企业作用。

融资租赁具有以下优点：第一，提供专业的服务，为小微企业。

租赁公司往往会选择一些特定的行业开展租赁业务，可以为企业提供专业的服务。

在与企业合作的过程中，租赁公司除了提供融资服务外，同IT行业，发展企业对利润的认识模型，并掌握企业的管理，这在客观上可以对小型微型企业发挥指导作用。

第二，手续简单，灵活的服务。

通常情况下，小微企业以资金需求短，急，快的特点，。

相比与银行信贷，融资租赁的承租人要求资产和负债不高，不需要严格的审批，只需要调查的未来现金流量的承租人。

该小微企业与租赁的公司工作用不同的合同，以满足租户的现金流请求，租金支付模式也可以处理灵活。

因此，融资租赁的方式更符合小微企业的资金需求特点。

第三，帮助小微企业降低经营风险。

买不起的生产设备，承租人通过融资租赁的设备，从该项目获得投产，从早投早受益提高运营效率。

金融租赁以减少资金流出来为企业装备。

金融租赁方案被设计成具有一定程度的灵活性，租赁公司可以根据对企业的现金流量身定做租金还款计划，避免企业还款压力过于集中，从而降低财务风险。

订立租赁合同，该设备价格，租金及其他重要问题是确定一个时间，在租赁期保持固定，从而降低了不确定性，由于价格波动在租用的过程。

由于融资租赁的优点，因此，它在服务小微企业的独特的作用。

2.1扩大小微企业的融资渠道
银行考虑到信贷资金的安全设置和相应的资产抵押贷款的条件，小微型企业是由许多因素的制约，它是很难从银行获得贷款。

与银行贷款比较，融资租赁的繁琐程序往往不需要承租人提供信用担保，因此，金融租赁为那些在创业初期，没有抵押资产，缺乏完整的信用记录，资产负债率较高的小微型企业，特别是小微企业在启动阶段提供了现实的融资降低小微企业的基金压力。

与企业自购买设备相比，通过金融租赁，承租人支付租金的方式要获得使用机器设备的权利，融资和投资的组合，以创建营业利润。

虽然没有得到该设备的所有权，但企业支付租金比需要的量远不如一笔投资资金量。

用的辅助金融租赁，承租人是由设备返回钱，即租的方式来支付设备。

承租人的租金分期付款金额及出租人无论是在他们的经过一定的考虑现金流量状况，和承租人的现金流都有好处，管理企业资本支出，降低财务
压力。

此外由于融资租赁，为不包括在公司的资产负债表，通过金融租赁企业可以减少资产的比率及负债，对于其他与筹资活动为企业的发展奠定了基础
2.2与企业自购买设备相比降低小微企业的资金压力。

通过金融租赁，承租人支付租金的方式获得使用机器设备的权利，融资和投资的组合，创造经营利润。

虽然设备没有得到设备的所有权，但企业支付的租金比所需的一笔投资资金量的金额少得多。

随着金融租赁的帮助下，承租人是由设备，返回的钱，即租的方式来支付设备。

承租人和出租人的租金分期付款金额无论是在他们的考虑之后的现金流状况确定的，以承租人的现金流有好处，管理企业的资本支出，减少资金压力。

由于融资租赁此外，不包括在本公司的资产负债表，通过融资租赁企业可以降低资产负债率，为企业的发展奠定了其他与筹资活动奠定了基础
2.3促进小微企业的技术创新
融资租赁可以使供需双方见面直接，减少了中间环节，以便利于设备快速使用，并驱动企业的生产发展，融资租赁成为链接企业的生产和销售凝聚力。

为强大的小微企业实力降低全设备投资的风险，使企业拥有更多的精力来跟踪市场变化，加快技术创新步伐，生产更具竞争力产品。

小微企业通过财务租赁，以减少设备投资的负担，快速获得所需要的技术和设备。

这样可以缩短的技术改造呗企业更新设备周期，通过连续租先进的设备，以缩短机器设备的时间使用，从而加快生产设备更新，保持生产技术领先，并抢占市场机会。

2.4促进小微企业，以开拓市场。

融资和销售是小微企业面临的两个难题的。

金融租赁有不仅解决了企业的融资问题，而且帮助企业开发市场。

可能会降低通过融资租赁的销售费用，降低了购买门槛，增强客户购买能力，减少销售环节的应收账款和的时间内出售的风险。

与此同时，由于金融租赁是一种管理行为，出租人与租户保持持续的良好的沟通条件，承租人可以根据顾客采取行动反馈的信息，进行更新和完善的产品，保持产品的良好。

通过融资租赁，可以沟通金融，贸易，生产三个市场，指导资本的合理顺序是移动，促进金融资本，产业资本和贸易资本的融合。

3．中国的融资租赁问题及为什么
2011中国金融租赁行业发展报告显示，到2011年， 286在中国运营的所有类型的金融租赁公司的结束，财务的约有930名十亿租赁合同余额元。

应该说，金融租赁业发展
规模和中国经济的发展条件不匹配
3.1存在的问题
虽然中国的金融租赁业务起步于1981年，但总体上看，它仍然是一个新的业务。

在中国，目前还处于发展的初级阶段，外部市场环境，法律环境还不够完善和成熟。

作为市场的主体租赁公司的专业技能，管理水平，风险控制能力还有待进一步提高。

2011上市的中国金融租赁行业发展报告，中国金融租赁业存在的问题：第一，金融租赁行业的理解存在误区。

有关部门思考金融租赁将推动通胀，因此，金融租赁公司先后通过了规模控制政策，资金租用企业的资源来下的影响。

在第二个方面，融资租赁业务各地发展不均衡。

由于90 ％的全部类型的金融租赁公司都集中在30个城市，包括北京，上海，天津，而全国200多个地级以上城市，包括一些省会城市的其余部分，还没有一个金融租赁公司。

第三，相关法律法规不完美的。

金融租赁业的发展仍然缺乏一个统一的，有效的司法保障。

四，金融租赁公司的风险意识还比较薄弱。

相关监管国家部门的监管体系不健全。

许多租赁企业没有建立有效的风险控制机制。

一些租赁企业规模较小，但生意很快推进，资本充足率甚至小于1％。

在一些综合租赁企业业务的发展，售后回的比例租金是太大了。

此外，中国的金融租赁行业监
管不统一。

中国金融租赁业，根据投资者的性质不同，由中国人民银行，银监会，
中国证监会，商务部中国部，双方各出资由商业银行或四大资产管理公司，非银行金融机构监管。

中国银监会，还包括由各种非金融企业投资，商务部中国部负责监督，不包括金融租赁公司。

3.2存在的问题及原因。

主要的影响发展中国金融租赁的原因：一，社会缺乏足够的认识到金融租赁。

寻找从这个想法角度看，中国的企业习惯于有设备的产权，力求本身具有的机械设备。

这就形成部分机器设备空闲状态到一定的程度。

事实上，租赁可以大大提高设备利用率。

第二，全面的政策打包的问题。

租赁渗透率远低于发达国家与速度和不兼容中国经济发展的发展水平，一个重要原因是相关法制建设滞后租赁业的发展。

在中国，缺乏统一的融资租赁立法和配套法规还不健全，在现行合同法，法律制度的现实，租金的权力是关系得到有效的保障与
难度。

第三，货币供应量的问题。

租赁企业缺乏必要的融资渠道，根据融资方式融资租赁是不独立募集资金的市场需求，因此，难以满足租赁业务的需求。

4．中国融资租赁发展推进的建议
鉴于金融租赁给小微企业突出的优势，国家应该对金融租赁的发展给予更多的宽松的货币政策。

中国自开展金融自租赁业务，经过30多年的发展，已初步形成了一定的规模，但由于租赁公司的管理制度，业务范围狭窄，租赁公司少，影响金融租赁业发展的问题。

要加快金融发展租赁，应该团结金融租赁管理制度，加强租赁管理。

该政府应该建立和完善金融租赁立法，完善优惠政策。

通过扩大在融资租赁的资金来源，并金融租赁的发展
4.1建立统一的金融租赁管理体系
由于，金融租赁管理是不均匀的，不一致的监管体系。

不同类型的租赁公司有不同的管理办法，自己的能力金融是不是在市场上是相同的，差别大行业内的活动，不平等竞争，从而影响金融租赁的发展。

政府应该设立一个全国性租赁协会，建立统一的管理系统，实现了统一管理的融资租赁。

制定统一的行业规范，统一的行业自律管理发出措施，明确各类市场准入条件的租赁公司的业务范围及经营程序，完善监督制度，管理指标。

4.2完善相关配套政策
加快融资租赁立法，建立健全金融租赁法规，规范各类金融租赁公司的产品，清除各类金融租赁公司同等的法律。

完善相应的优惠政策。

由于融资租赁具有很强的跨行业的特点，面临的税收，执照，注册产权，进口和出口退税等一系列政策问题，此外，各个地方的政策不一致的标准，优先租赁政策不统一，金融租赁在实际操作过程中存在一定的风险。

该。