高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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概述

英语的动词有三种语气形式,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中;祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如:

He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气)

Don‘t be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气)

If I were you ,I would not go. 我要是你,我就不会去。(虚拟语气)

I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气)

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:

条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。如:

If I have time,I will go. 假若我有时间,我就去。(陈述语气)If I were you,I woul d go. 假若我是你,我就去。(虚拟语气)

注:特别说明

1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后;would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:

If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。(might表可能)

If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是

湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。如:

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式,即把were, had, should置于句首。例:

Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句:

1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish

表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:

(1) We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)

(2) We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)

2.if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同:

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。

3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示"宁愿做什么" ,具体用法为:

①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

②用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同,例:

He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注:两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:

It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

(2) 注意It isn’t as if…的翻译:

It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

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