过去分词短语 作状语

过去分词短语作状语

非谓语动词是英语语言所特有的语言现象。其中在学习分词的过程中应该明确，在大多数情况下分词只是从句的一种省略形式，目的在于使语言更为简练，尤其在书面语中。所以无论是现在分词、还是过去分词都与从句的主动、被动、时态有着密切的关系。过去分词短语在句中作状语可表示原因、时间、让步、条件、方式或伴随等。例如：

1.Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）

2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）

3.Seen from the top of the castle, the park looks very beautiful. （表示条件）

从城堡顶端看，公园十分美丽

4.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to entered the cave.

虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险进山洞。（表示让步）

5.Filled with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.（表示伴随）

心中充满了希望与恐惧，他跳进了深海里。

在使用过去分词作状语时, 为了体现上下两部分(句子层面)的逻辑关系, 句子中常出现过去分词和连词的连带使用,比如例2和例4那样的结构. 通过众多例句分析, 我们发现过去分词作状语以下几种情形：

一、句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系

例：_______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .（2004，辽宁）

A．Attracting B．Attracted C. To be attracted D．Having attracted

分析：答案为B。句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系。可以把状语部分转换为: （As the girl was ）attracted by the beauty of the nature,…attracted 表示被动意义“被迷住，被吸引”。

If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor.

=If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor.

如果将这些机器用于农业，就可以省去农民很多劳动。注：连词if，通常保留。

二、由一些含be动词的短语或系表结构转换来的。这时，句子的主语与作状语用的过去分

例：________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005，湖南）

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

分析：答案为A。可以把状语部分转换为：When ( he was ) dressed in a white uniform,…作状语的过去分词dressed来自于“be dressed in”这个短语。be dressed in 表穿着的状态，如：She is dressed in a blue skirt. 句子的主语he与作状语用的过去分词dressed之间在逻辑上并没有被动的关系。

例：________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police （2005，江苏）

A. Having lost

B. Lost

C. Being lost

D. Losing

分析：答案为B。可以把状语部分转换为: (After the two students were) lost in the mountains for a week,…. 作状语的过去分词lost来自于“be lost in”迷路，迷失。如：He was lost in the forest. 句子的主语the two students 与作状语用的过去分词lost之间在逻辑上并没有被动的关系。

三、分词短语由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although+ 过去分词”构成。它们都可以转换成由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although + 主语+ 谓语+ 过去分词”结构，这样，整个句子就变成了状语从句。句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系。近年来高考题单项填空题中多次考查了这种用法，值得我们复习时注意。

例：The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. (2002,广东) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

分析：答案为D。可以把此句转换为状语从句：The research is so designed that once (it is )begun nothing can be done to change it.

例：Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003,上海春招)

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

分析：答案为A。可以把状语部分转换为：Unless (you are) invited to speak,…

例：Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken