SCI收录的论文常用语句中英文对照
英文论文写作常用句子
Beginningl In this paper, we focus on the need forl This paper proceeds as follow.l The structure of the paper is as follows.l In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related conceptsl To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroductionl This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.l Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.l In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non‑fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Reviewl This review is followed by an introduction.l A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.l In the next section a brief view of the .... is given.l In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...l Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.l Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Bodyl Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.l Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision‑making logic.l Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxxl Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.l Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time‑windowl Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...l Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.l Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.l Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. l Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.l Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rulesl The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.l Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. l Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set‑based approach to cost variance investigation.l Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.l Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. l Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.l Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.l Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..l Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.l Section 6 illustrate the model with an example.l Various ways of fuzzification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.l In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole modelof human DM systeml In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.l In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order‑dense.l In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.l In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Sectionl In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.l We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations whichare necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Sectionl The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.l However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.l The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.l We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.l The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummaryl This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.l Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.l Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.l Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.l Finally, conclusions and future work are summarizedl The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn. l Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstractl A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.l This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.l This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.l The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.l The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.l The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithms.l The usefulness of xx is also considered.l A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.l The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.l A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.l Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.l The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.l Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.l This paper analyses problems inl This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...l This paper includes an illustration of the ...l This paper provides an overview and information useful for approachingl Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.l The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xxl Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.l The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of : xx,xxl The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.l A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. IntroductionTimel Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitivel Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial worldl The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on thel The development of ... is exploredl During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions,l The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent yearsl There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...l A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...l A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.l At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xxl Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.l The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].l To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purposel The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:l The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non‑experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer‑aided instruction for xxx.l The paper concerns the development of a xxl The scope of this research lies inl The main theme of the paper is the application of rule‑based decision making.l These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...l The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:l The primary purpose/consideration/objective ofl The ultimate goal of this concept is to providel The main objective of such a ... system is tol The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.l In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:l In order to take advantage of their similarityl more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completedl In this trial, the objective is to generate...l for the sake of concentrating on ... research issuesl A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.l For an illustrative purpose, four well‑known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.l A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methodsl This illustration points out the need to specifyl The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.l Chapter 2. Literature Reviewl A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xxl A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decadel A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.l There is considerable amount of literature on planningl However, these studies do not provide much attention to undertainty in xx.l Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.l Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.l Problem of xx draw recently more and more attention of system analysis.l Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development ofl Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.l Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.l The central issue in all these studies is tol The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.l Applied ... techniques tol Characterized the ... system asl Developed an algorithm tol Developed a system called ... whichl Uses an iterative algorithm to deducel Emphasized the need tol Identifies six key issues surrounding high technologyl A comprehensive study of the .. has been undertakenl Much work has been reported recently in these filedl Proposedl Presentedl State thatl Point out that the problem ofl Describedl Illustratedl Indicatedl Has shown / showedl Addressl Highlightsl A study on ...was done / developed by []l Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only withl The approach taken by [] isl The system developed by [] consistsl A paper relevant to this research was published by []l []'s model requires consideration of ..l []' model draws attention to evolution in human developmentl []'s model focuses on...l Little research has been conducted in applying ... tol The published information that is relevant to this research...l This study further shows thatl Their work is based on the principle ofl More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].l Studies have been completed to establishedl The ...studies indicated thatl Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Questionl Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.l Remedy / solve / alleviate these problemsl ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolvedl Two major problems have yet to be addressedl An unanswered questionl This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.l An additional research issue to be tackled is ....l Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussedl The three prime issues can be summarized:l The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...l There have been many attempts tol It is expected to be serious barrier tol It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex problem.l There are several ways to get around this problem.l As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.l The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.l A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.l xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem. l Several problems are associated with them.l Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.l Most problems in practice are complicatedl More problem surface here.l Hamper effort toward a xx systeml In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xxl The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to developl This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination.l However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems.l It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework to real‑world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx.Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumptionl In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied.l We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state‑dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature.l An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of the experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.l Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent.l Main simplifying assumptions are:l This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.Outline / Structure / Modulel An outline of the researchl Information is incorporated within the schemel Is built into ... structurel A nice modular structure.l The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteriaClassificationl A xx system comprises three main components:l Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..l Consists of the following steps:l This is summarized in the following steps:l Can be broadly classified into the following areas:l Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing thel Can allow further breadth of application of ...into morel The following steps should be followedl xx can be classified by a different ways.l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.Systeml Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.l The system consists of both ... and ...l The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels. l expert system domains are area of expertisel To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:l The system has been developed / designed to determinel The system has proven to be able tol The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domainl The system comprises a ... withl The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... techniquel The system environment must be relatively stablel The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage.l The most essential part of .. system is the ...l The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development ofl An automated system was developed forl In this case, the system can be considered to be generative.l An interactive automatic ... systeml A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. systeml Should be capable of being generated from a ... systeml xx is an important part of the integrated system.l The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision.l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin‑like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base.l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.Computer Systeml The system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS‑DOS environment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 result s in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on aXX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.l Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C‑language and directly linked to the Prolog environment.l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds.l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386 209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co‑processor.l The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method and the other based on the new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compiler that supports the math co‑processor.l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time. l Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer.l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this studyl Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations.l While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.l This combination is being implemented in an objected‑oriented programming environment (Smalltalk‑80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx.Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Techniquel A discussion is presented of a problem-solving systeml To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.l In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of thel Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally acceptedl This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.l This can be accomplished byl This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows:l The above preliminary analysis has provided important informationl Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...l These concepts have been applied tol On the basis of the concept mentioned above,l This can be achieved byl This fact suggests that a new conceptl This was accomplished by taking ...l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.l Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibilityl There is little hope of achieving successful ...l There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception ofl Only a few studies can be found.l It is a very tedious process to go throughl It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effectedl The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.l These approaches are sometimes very tedious.l Several techniques can be usedl A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.l A xx model represents an xx by its xx.l A process decision model captures the logic essential tol From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.l A number of heuristic rules have been developed forl Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so thatl An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determinel Euler's formula states the following:l The completed model should agree with the formula.l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessaryl Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,l To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful.Point of Viewl from an implementation standpoint,l From the point of view of this application,l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).l Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions.l From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129]Justificationl We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and canl Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate.l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement.l A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell‑shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic.l It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis.l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if‑the" rule.Chapter 4. ExamplesExample/ Datal The data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.l The data consists of over xx measurements.l An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared with a xxl Examples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are xx, xx, etc.l The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustrating the computational procedure discussed.l This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx, or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.l There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those wishing this level of detail.l Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper. Comparisonsl As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view will be discussed.l The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more suitablel As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],Relationl We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.l The relationships appear very complicatel Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and the human operator's characteristics.l These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...l The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships.l This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.l The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. Importancel The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision making.Consideration / Attentionl Careful evaluation is necessary to ensurel Such a formulation does not change further considerations.l Considerable attention has been paid tol Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.l Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...l Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodatedl After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determinel A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the appropriate decision.l It should be noted thatl It is important to point out that ...l These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... l We should stress the fundamental importance of the xxChapter 5. Results.Advantages / Disadvantagel One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the experimental study ofl One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.l The xx system is versatilel It has a very fast decision making processl All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations.l It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor‑based environment.l It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch.l The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following:l However, xx is not without its shortcomings.l In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.l Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%.l The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%.l Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx .l Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx.l Some other advantages of xx are the following:l The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts.l It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that was impossible in practice.l There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx,l The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches.l This combines the best features of both techniquesl Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in virtual communities.Resultsl An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data providedl Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this reviewl Based on the information contained in thisl The result can be categorized into nine classesl The results are illustrated by an examplel The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2.l From the results obtained so far, it seem thatl Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn asl Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion.l The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs.。
(完整版)SCI写作高频词汇和常用句型
第一部分同义词替换1. about（大约）—approximately2. get —obtain3. finish —complete4. change —transform5. method —technique6. buy —purchase7. ask —inquire8. begin、start —commence9. cheap —inexpensive10. obtainable —avaible11. use —employ12. have —possess13. get —acquire14. extra —additional15. help —assistance16. about（关于）—concerning17. enlarge —magnify18. many —numerous19. best —optimum20. lively —vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折：not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms4.原因：because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason5.举例：for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few6.强调：surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that9.总结：overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly10.结果：therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence11. 对比比较：likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas第三部分常用句式1. 说明选题的重要性：X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..Xs are a common / useful / critical part of...Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of ...X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important ...It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is (X)is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …2. 概述前人做过的研究：Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Tradition ally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …For the past five years / Since 2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …3. 展望未来：The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn the next few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …4. 指出知识上的空缺：Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …The central / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has b een neglected / remains unclear …Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...There is stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding …Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into q uestion the validity of …In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …5. 论述论文目标和贡献：In this report / paper / review / study we …This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …This pape r examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …We undertook this study / initiated this research / de veloped this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …。
sci词语表达
SCI词语表达
在SCI论文写作中，常用的表达方式包括：
1.“We demonstrate that…” “我们证明了……”
2.“The results indicate that…” “结果表明……”
3.“Our data show that…” “我们的数据表明……”
4.“These results support the conclusion that…” “这些结果支持了……的结论”
5.“The findings suggest that…” “研究结果表明……”
6.“The study provides evidence that…” “这项研究提供了……的证据”
7.“These findings are significant because…” “这些发现的意义在于……”
8.“This study has implications for…” “这项研究对于……具有意义”
9.“Previous research has shown that…” “之前的研究已经表明……”
10.“In this study, we sought to determine whether…” “本研究旨在确定是
否……”
这些表达方式可以帮助作者更清晰、准确地传达研究结果和结论，同时增强论文的说服力。
当然，在具体的论文写作中，还需要根据研究领域、论文主题和具体的研究结果选择适当的表达方式。
SCI检索中英词汇对照表
一次文献、二次文献、三次文献：根据文献内容、性质和加工情况可将文献区分为：一次文献、二次文献、三次文献。
一次文献指以作者本人的研究成果为依据而创作的原始文献，如期刊论文、研究报告、专利说明书、会议论文等。
一次文献数量庞大、分散在各种期刊、媒体、会议论文集、图书、连续性出版物、特种文献之中，所以寻找困难。
所以就有了二次文献、二次文献。
二次文献是对一次文献进行加工整理后产生的一类方面，如书目、题录、简介、文摘等检索工具。
三次文献是在一、二次文献的基础上，经过综合分析而编写出来的文献，人们常把这类文献称为“情报研究”的成果，如综述、专题述评、学科年度总结、进展报告、数据手册等。
1)CameraReady Paper:很久以前论文都是用打字机打出来的.投稿的时候只有纸本.因此出版的时候, 出版商会先用相机把纸本拍起来再製版印刷.寄过去的论文必须是最终版本, 排版好的,这样照相机拍下去才可以直接用.这也是CameraReady Paper 的由来.相对于Came ra Ready Paper 则是Manuscr ipt.现在虽然大部分研讨会都已经改用电子投稿,但是仍然沿用CameraReady Paper 这个名词,通常是用ps or pdf 档案寄过去.大会不会对投稿论文作任何排版而是直接印表机印出来就送印刷厂了。
2) ISTP(Index to Scientific & Technic al Proceed ing ): 即《科学技术会议录索引》，创刊于1978年，由美国科学情报研究所编制,主要收录国际上著名的科技会议文献。
它所收录的数据包括农业、环境科学、生物化学、分子生物学、生物技术、医学、工程、计算机科学、化学、物理学等学科。
从1990-2003年间，ISTP和IS SHP( 后文将要讲到ISSHP)共收录了60，000个会议的近300万篇论文的信息。
SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇
SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇1. Introduction:- Present study: 本研究- In this paper: 在本文中- The objective of this study: 本研究的目标- To investigate: 研究- Background: 背景- Previous research: 先前的研究- Research gap: 研究空白- Methodology: 方法论- Data analysis: 数据分析- Findings: 研究结果- Conclusion: 结论2. Literature Review:- Literature review: 文献综述- Scholarly articles: 学术文章- Theoretical framework: 理论框架- Empirical evidence: 实证证据- Research methods: 研究方法- Key findings: 主要发现- Implications: 启示3. Methods:- Study design: 研究设计- Data collection: 数据收集- Sample size: 样本量- Research instruments: 研究工具- Data analysis techniques: 数据分析技术- Statistical analysis: 统计分析- Control variables: 控制变量4. Results:- Descriptive statistics: 描述性统计- Correlation analysis: 相关分析- Regression analysis: 回归分析- Significant findings: 显著性发现- Patterns and trends: 模式和趋势5. Discussion:- Implications: 启示- Limitations: 限制- Future research directions: 未来研究方向- Theoretical contributions: 理论贡献- Practical implications: 实践意义6. Conclusion:- Summary: 总结- Contributions: 贡献- Future research: 未来研究- Practical implications: 实践意义。
sci不同部分的常用句式
sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。
二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。
(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。
(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。
(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。
(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。
(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。
(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。
(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意，在写作过程中，应根据具体情况选择合适的句式，并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。
(word完整版)史上最全SCI写作句型模板-答魔社区
史上最全SCI写作句型模板1 ——Introduction引言部分应该为读者提供一个关于你的主题的简要概述和进行研究的原因.关于单词数量,引言通常占论文的10-15％。
通常建议在完成论文的其他部分后撰写论文的引言部分。
这是因为在你看到完整的文章之前，很难弄清楚在论文的引言部分到底要写些什么。
你应该对你所选择的主题领域非常有信心,并通过适当的参考文献来支持你的论点。
研究论文的引言部分可能包括以下 7 大类内容，附上常用的写作模板:1。
General introduction:· Research on __ has a long tradition· For decades， one of the most popular ideas in __ literature is the idea that __· Recent theoretical developments have revealed that __· A common strategy used to study __ is to __· This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from __· These approaches have been influential in the field because of __· In the past several decades， __ have played an important role in __· There are growing appeals for __· This is the field of study that deals with __· Most of the theories of __ are however focused on explaining __· There are three major theoretical and conceptual frameworks for __· The field has gradually broadened as __· This field of study is sometimes referred as __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This thesis considers the field of __ as the main subject of its study· One of the major topics to be investigated in this field is __· This is now a mature field which is now being spun out into commercial applications __· This field is maturing， with a wealth of well-understood methods and algorithms __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· The field has met with great success in many problems __· The field only really took off in the late __ as it became more accessible to __· This is not particularly new and has been used for many years in the field of __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· Widely considered to be a good way to __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This is more widely used at the time of __· This phenomenon has been widely observed· A common technique is to __· This is a technique common in __· There are several common kinds of __2. Problem definition：· This seems to be a common problem in __· This leads to myriad problems in __· The main problem is that __· There is a further problem with __· One primary problem with __ is that __· The methods are not without their problems as will be discussed in __· The foremost problems are the facts that __· This makes up for the problem of __· This seems to be a common problem in __· This is a complex problem and to simplify it requires __· A challenging problem which arises in this domain is __· These problems are difficult to handle __· This is typically a complex problem __· A well—known problem with __ is that it does not take into account the __· One of the problems is that it considers only the __· The key problem with this technique is __· It is usually an ill—posed problem in the case of __· This problem is well—posed and does not require to impose __· This appears as a more straightforward problem compared to the __· This turns out to be even more problematic because __· The problem with such an implementation is that __· This poses some problems when carrying out the __· This problem has attracted more attention in the field of __· This is a basic chicken—and—egg problem because __· Unfortunately, this approach results in problems related to __· These constraints make the problem difficult to __· Most of the research in this field is aimed at solving this problem。
sci综述词汇要求
sci综述词汇要求一、表示研究目的相关的词汇。
1. Investigate [ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt]（动词）：调查；研究。
例如：The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between diet and health.（这项研究的目的是调查饮食与健康之间的关系。
）2. Explore [ɪkˈsplɔː(r)]（动词）：探索；探究。
例如：We intend to explore new treatment methods for this disease.（我们打算探索这种疾病的新治疗方法。
）3. Examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn]（动词）：检查；审查；研究。
例如：The researchers examined the impact of environmental factors on plant growth.（研究人员研究了环境因素对植物生长的影响。
）二、表示结果相关的词汇。
1. Result [rɪˈzʌlt]（名词）：结果；成果。
例如：The results of the experiment are very encouraging.（实验的结果非常令人鼓舞。
）2. Outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm]（名词）：结果；结局。
例如：The long - term outcome of this treatment needs further study.（这种治疗的长期结果需要进一步研究。
）3. Consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns]（名词）：结果；后果。
通常强调因果关系。
例如：The environmental pollution has many serious consequences.（环境污染有许多严重的后果。
）三、表示总结相关的词汇。
1. Summarize [ˈsʌməraɪz]（动词）：总结；概括。
医学sci论文常用句式汇总
医学sci论文常用句式汇总sci论文发表不易，医学专业的医学尤为不宜，但目前国内医学工作者的晋升很多都有发表sci论文的要求，sci论文是充分体现医务工作者理论研究能力水平高低的一项准则，因此很多医务工作者也很注重sci论文发表，但sci论文需要英文写作，这给不少医务工作者带来难题，不少医务工作者也会参照一些写作模板，这是新手作者非常适用的写作方法，参考一些写作模板或者优秀的专业文献，这是有利于自己的写作的，sci论文的格式结构与一般学术论文屎一样的，每个部分其实都有一些常用句式，作者觉得写作有困难，不妨参考这些常用句式，最直接的办法就是背下来，适合自己文章的就可以拿来用，这种方法对于一些基础薄弱的作者很有帮助，可以避免出现一些语法表达上的错误，医学sci论文常用句式汇总希望可以帮助到有需要的作者：引言部分However,littleinformation/attention/work/data/research...(or few studies/investigations/researchers/attempts...) (or no/none of these studies) has (have) been doneon/focused on/attempted to/conducted/investigated/studied (with respect to)...。
Previous research/studies/records has/have failed toconsider/ignored/misinterpreted/neglectedto/overestimated/underestimated/misleaded....Thus, these previous results areinconclisive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/contro versial.Their studies may be more reasonable if they had...consideredthis situation.Their results could be better convinced if they...Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties。
SCI收录中国期刊中英文对照表
SCI收录中国期刊中英文对照表(2009-10-23 00:00:00)标签：sci投稿指南中国期刊教育分类：放射学投稿指南包含SCI\SCIE\AHCI(2007年版):北京科技大学学报（英文版）Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing材料科学技术（英文版）Journal of Materials Science & Technology材料物理化学（英法德文版）Materials Chemistry and Physics(Changed from Materials Chemistry)催化学报Chinese Journal of Catalysis大气科学进展（英文版）Advances in Atmospheric Sciences代数集刊（英文版）Algebra Colloquium道风基督教文化评论Logos & Pneuma-Chinese Journal of Theology等离子体科学与技术（英文版）Plasma Science & Technology地理学报（英文版）Journal of Geographical Sciences地球科学（英文版）Journal of China University of Geosciences地球科学集刊（英文版，台湾）Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences地球物理学报Chinese Journal of Geophysics-China Edition地震工程与工程振动（英文版）Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration地质幕（英文版）Episodes地质学报（英文版）Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition电子学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Electronics动物研究学刊（英文版）Zoological Studies仿生工程学报（英文版）Journal of Bionic Engineering分析化学Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry钢铁研究学报（英文版）Journal of Iron and Steel Research International高等学校化学学报Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-English Series高等学校化学研究（英文版）Chemical Research in Chinese Universities高分子科学（英文版）Chinese Journal of Polymer Science高分子学报Acta Polymerica Sinica高分子研究学刊（英文版，台湾）Journal of Polymer Research固体力学学报（英文版）Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica光谱学与光谱分析Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis国际肝胆胰疾病杂志(英文版) Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International国际模糊系统学报（英文版）International Journal of Fuzzy Systems国际泥沙研究（英文版）International Journal of Sediment Research国立中央研究院历史语言研究所集刊Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica海洋科学与技术学报（英文版）Journal of Marine Science and Technology-Taiwan 海洋学报（英文版）Acta Oceanologica Sinica核技术（英文版）Nuclear Science and Techniques红外与毫米波学报Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves华中科技大学学报（医学,英德文版）Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Medical Sciences化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学物理学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics化学学报Acta Chimica Sinica 环境科学学报（英文版）Journal of Environmental Science 计算机科学技术学报（英文版）Journal of Computer Science and Technology 计算数学（英文版）Journal of Computational Mathematics计算物理通讯（英文版）Communications in Computational Physics交通运输计量（英文版）Transportmetrica结构化学（中+英文版）Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry金属学报Acta Metallurgica Sinica科学通报（英文版）Chinese Science Bulletin昆虫科学（英文版）Insect Science理论物理通讯（英文版）Communications in Theoretical Physics力学(英文版）Journal of Mechanics力学学报（英文版）Acta Mechanica Sinica气象学报（英文版）Acta Meteorologica Sinica热科学学报（英文版）Journal of Thermal Science山地科学学报(英文版) Journal of Mountain Science生物化学与生物物理进展Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版）Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica生物医学工程（英文版）Biomedical Engineering-Applications Basis Communications 生物医学与环境科学（英文版）Biomedical and Environmental Sciences生医科学杂志（英文版，台湾）Journal of Biomedical Science世界儿科杂志（英文版）World Journal of Pediatrics世界胃肠病学杂志(英文版）World Journal of Gastroenterology数学年刊(B辑,英文版）Chinese Annals of Mathematic Series B数学物理学报（英文版）Acta Mathematica Scientia数学学报（新辑，英文版）Acta Mathematica Sinica-English Series台湾数学期刊（英文版，台湾）Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics台湾医志（英文版，台湾）Journal of the Formosan Medical Association天然气化学（英文版）Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry土壤圈（英文版）Pedosphere外国文学研究Foreign Literature Studies问题与研究（英文版）Issues & Studies无机材料学报Journal of Inorganic Materials无机化学学报Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry武汉理工大学学报(材料科学,英文版）Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Material Science Edition)物理化学学报Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica物理学报Acta Physica Sinica稀土学报（英文版）Journal of Rare Earth稀有金属(英文版) Rare Metals稀有金属材料与工程Rare Metal Materials and Engineering系统工程与电子技术（英文版）Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics系统科学与复杂性学报（英文版）Journal of Systems Science & Complexity细胞研究（英文版）Cell Research香港职业治疗杂志（英文版）Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy新型炭材料New Carbon Materials信息科学与工程学刊（英文版）Journal of Information and Engineering亚太法律评论（英文版）Asia Pacific Law Review亚洲控制学报（英文版）Asian Journal of Control亚洲男科学杂志（英文版）Asian Journal of Andrology亚洲天然产物研究杂志（英文版）Journal of Asian Natural Products Research亚洲艺术（英文版）Arts of Asia岩石学报Acta Petrologica Sinica药物食品分析（台湾）Journal of Food and Drug Analysis遗传学报（英文版）Journal of Genetics and Genomics应用地球物理（英文版）Applied Geophysics应用数学和力学（英文版）Applied Mathematics and Mechanics应用数学学报(英文版) Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica-English Series有机化学Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry语言及语言学Language and Linguistics浙江大学学报（A 应用物理与工程，英文版）Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A浙江大学学报（B 生物医学,生物化学与生物技术，英文版）Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B真菌多样性(英文版）Fungal Diversity植物分类学报Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica植物学报(英文版）Journal of Integrative Plant Biology(Changed from Acta Botanica Sinica since 2005)植物学汇刊（英+中文版，台湾）Botanical Studies中国癌症研究（英文版）Chinese Journal of Cancer Research中国地理科学（英文版）Chinese Geographical Science中国工程学刊（英文版，台湾）Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineer中国光学快报（英文版）Chinese Optics Letters中国海洋工程（英文版）China Ocean Engineering中国海洋湖沼学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology中国航空学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Aeronautics中国化学（英文版）Chinese Journal of Chemistry中国化学工程学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering中国化学工程学会会志（英文版，台湾）Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers中国化学会会志（英文版）Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society中国化学快报（英文版）Chinese Chemical Letters中国机械工程学刊（英文版）Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers中国结合医学杂志（英文版）Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine中国经济评论（英文版）China Economic Review中国科学(A辑数学,英文版）Science in China Series A-Mathematics中国科学(B辑化学,英文版）Science in China Series B-Chemistry中国科学(C辑生命科学,英文版）Science in China Series C-Life Sciences中国科学(D辑地球科学,英文版）Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences中国科学(E辑技术科学,英文版）Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences中国科学(F辑信息科学,英文版）Science in China Series F-Information Sciences 中国科学(G辑物理、数学、天文,英文版）Science in China Series G-Physics Mechanics & Astronomy中国颗粒学报（英文版）China Particuology中国口腔科学（英文版）Journal of Dental Sciences中国炼油与石油化工（英文版）China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 中国免疫学杂志(英文版) Cellular & Molecular Immunology中国评论China Review-An Interdisciplinary Journal on Greater China中国生理学杂志（英文版，台湾）Chinese Journal of Physiology中国天文和天体物理学报（英文版）Chinese Journal of Astronomy And Astrophysics (Changed from Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics since 2008)中国通讯（英文版）China Communications中国物理（B,英文版）Chinese Physics B (Changed from Chinese Physics since 2008)中国物理（C,英文版）Chinese Physics C (Changed from High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics- Chinese Edition since 2008)中国物理快报（英文版）Chinese Physics Letters中国物理学刊（英文版，台湾）Chinese Journal of Physics中国药理学报（英文版）Acta Pharmacologica Sinica中国有色金属学会会刊（英文版）Transactin of Nonferrous Metals Society of China中国与世界经济(英文版) China & World Economy中国语言学报Journal of Chinese Linguistics中国铸造（英文版）China Foundry中华民国心脏学会杂志Acta Cardiologica Sinica中华统计学志（英文版，台湾）Statistica Sinica中华医学杂志（英文版）Chinese Medical Journal中南工业大学学报（英文版）Journal of Central South University of Technology自然科学进展（英文版）Progress in Natural Science。
英文学术论文常用高级词汇和精美句型
英文学术论文常用高级词汇和精美句型1.与时间相关的①no change on 1-day intervals for 3 consecutive days②at given intervals of time (30, 50, and 90 min)③for a given exposure time④…increased with age.⑤for different time span.⑥After the scheduled time, each sample was tested.⑦…throughout the entire test period.⑧It will decrease as time passes.2. 表示增加或下降的①An increase in the FA content decreased the…②…decrease with increase in…③…deceases as …increases, and increases as… increase.④As …is lowered.⑤augment⑥The cumulative AE energy increases with a stepwise pattern in which each sudden jump of energy can be related to …⑦…develop at an increasing rate with time3. 表示原因, 由哪些因素决定①probably due to…② A possible mechanism contributing to the reduction of …is③This might be attributed to…④…depends on the two main mechanisms⑤…is a common cause of⑥…is the essential parameter governing the…⑦…, contributing in part to the interface separation phenomenon, besides the above-described possible interfacial material toughening mechanism.⑧the cause of this resides in …⑨Two parameters are considered in this study to evaluate the strengthening effectiveness with regard to the amount of FRP (i.e., the number of layers of sheets) and construction imperfections.4. 表示展示。
sci论文写作美式语句
sci论文写作美式语句sci论文写作美式语句SCI论文是被SCI索引收录的期刊所刊登的论文，目前我国科技界对SCI论文概念模式，小部分研究者误认为SCI是一本期刊，由南京大学引用并成为各大高校和科研机构学术评价和奖惩的一类刊物。
以下内容是小编为您精心整理的sci论文写作美式语句，欢迎参考！sci论文写作美式语句相关文献概览1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ......3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ......6. During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ......7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .......8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ......以往研究或学术活动相关文献1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994)2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002)3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones1999; Johnson, 2001)4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998).5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ......6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001)7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones .......8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones .....9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ......10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associatedwith obesity11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992).12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ......13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004).14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between .......15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between......16. Other studies have considered the relationship ......17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, .......18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).19. The geology of X has been addressed in severalsmallscale investigations and .......20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1).21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11).22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ......23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ......当前理论存在的.问题、局限性1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ......2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ......3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ......5. The key problem with this explanation is that ......6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ......9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ......10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that .....11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that .......12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does heexamine ......研究方法存在的问题、局限性1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account.2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that .....3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy.4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics.5. One major drawback of this approach is that ......6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ......7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations.8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations.9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that .......10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken.11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that......12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ......强调一个特殊的方法1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008.2. Publications were only included if .......3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957).4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973).5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ......6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990).7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ......8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using .....描述样品的特性1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis.3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that .....4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study.....5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ......6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from .......7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study.8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performance on ......9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students.10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ......11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ......12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received ....13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of ....14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ......15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of .......目的不明确1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ......2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed.3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ......4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ......5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used.7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ......8. To establish whether ......,9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between .......10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening,a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation.11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ......其他描绘实验过程的句型1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand .....2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ......3. For the estimation of protein concentrati on, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ......。
英文SCI论文写作的语言表达技巧
英文SCI论文写作的语言表达技巧论文质量是博士生研究能力和学术水平的标志，下面是搜集整理的，供大家阅读查看。
1. Introduction：A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性?在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。
如：However, little information(little attention/little work/little data/little research……)(orfew studies/few investigations/few researchers/few attempts……)(or no/none of these studies……)has(have)been done on(focused on/attemptedto/conducted/investigated/studied(with respect to))。
如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglectedto/overestimated, underestimated/misleaded. thus, these previus results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist……研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作：However, data is still scarce(rare, less accurate)or there is still dearth of……We need to(aim to, have to) provide more documents(data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary(essential)……强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。
SCI摘要常用句型(自己整理)
Abstract部分是文章的浓缩与精华，整理一下5个部分常用的句型：The Stock Phrases for Stating the Background Information about the Investigation：1.Less is known about the later survival or reproduction of such persons.2.It is not known, however, whether there is a threshold weight below which morbidityand mortality are significantly greater.3.The use of systemic corticosteroids is a risk factor for the development of posteriorsubscapsular cataracts, but the association between inhaled corticosteroids andcataracts is uncertain.4.Data are limited on the attitudes and practices of physicians regarding assisting thesuicide of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.5.Limited information is available on trends in the incidence of and mortality due tocarcinogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.6.There is a dearth of literature in the area of the psychopharmacological management ofdepression in cancer patients.7.The role of climate has received relatively little attention.8.Previous studies have demonstrated that a small number of the 125 medical schools inthe United States receive a disproportionately large share of the research awardsgranted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) .9. A growing body of evidence suggests that electromagnetic interference may occurbetween cardiac pacemakers and wireless hand-held (cellular) telephones, posing apotential public health problem.10.Posteroventral medial pallidotomy sometimes produces striking improvement in patientswith advanced Parkinson’s disease, but the studies to date have involved small numbersof patients and short-term follow-up.The Stock Phrases for Stating the Principal Objective(s) and Scope of the Investigation：1.We tested the hypothesis that early therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids woulddecrease the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.2.We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate early revascularization in patients withcardiogenic shock.3.We hypothesized that pre-patient charges would increase during the base year and thendecrease in subsequent years.4.We examined the relation between physicians’ experience with AIDS and the survival oftheir patients with AIDS.5.We investigated the potential role of anorexic agents and other suspected risk factorsfor primary pulmonary hypertension.6.We assessed whether the distributes of NIH research awards to medical schoolschanged between 1986 and 1977.7.We performed a study to determine whether routine testing helps reduce the incidenceof intraoperative and postoperative medical complications.8.To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission ofhuman immunodeficiency virus type ( HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using dataon individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies.9.The aim of this study was to detect the extent of non-compliance with treatment ofschizophrenic patients and assess the effectiveness of the intervention program.10.The purpose of our study was to determine the value of noninvasive measurements ofthe velocity of blood flow in the fetal middle cerebral artery for the diagnosis of fetal anemia.11.This study focused on physicians’ assessments of changes in the scope of care providedby primary care physicians and their assessments of the appropriateness of the scope of the care that primary care physicians are expected to provide.12.To address this question, we studied the function of airway epithelial cells anddetermined the frequency of pulmonary symptoms in patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-losing disorder caused loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium channel.The Stock Phrases for Describing the Methods Employed：1.We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled beclomethasone or placebo in253 infants.2.We analyzed the neonatal outcomes of death.3.We conducted an observational study of9076 residents of metropolitan Worcester,Massachusetts.ing data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, we established apopulation-based cohort of 1.75 million persons whose mothers were Danish women born between 1935 and 1978.5.Data on preterm infants (those born at 24 to 36 weeks of gestation) were analyzedseparately from data on infants delivered at term (37 or more weeks of gestation).6.Our study included periods before and after the advent of reperfusion therapy.7.The surveillance system was based on voluntary reporting with the use of a standardcase-report form.8.The children with cerebral palsy were compared with randomly selected controlchildren with respect to characteristics noted in the birth records.9.Cluster analysis was chosen as it offers a statistically sound means of delineatingnatural grouping within data.10.Medical records were reviewed for clinical data.The Stock Phrases for Summarizing the Results：1.The results of a multivariable regression analysis indicated that the patients hospitalizedduring recent study years were not at a substantially lower risk for shock than patients hospitalized in the mid-to-late 1970s.2.The incidence of cardiogenic shock remained relatively stable over time averaging 7.1percent among patients with acute myocardial infarction.3.Results suggested that the effects of stress have more to do with the characteristics ofthe work environment and overall workload than with the degree of specialization on the unit.4.Blood pressure was correlated inversely with monthly maximal temperature anddirectly with minimal humidity.5.There was no clinically significant interference when the telephone was placed in thenormal position over the ear.6.Adjusting for the use of systemic corticosteroids and other potential confounders hadlittle effect on the magnitude of the associations.7.Being on leave was found to be associated with the need for assistance withtransportation, limitations in upper-body strength, and employment in jobs requiring physical activity.8.After adjusting for these factors, the racial difference was reduced and no longerstatistically significant.9.The trial did not have sufficient statistical power to detect differences in survival tohospital discharge, which differed only slightly between the two groups.10.These associations persisted when the data were stratified according to and controlledfor 16 biologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors.11.There were no significant adverse effects of vitamin E.12.Electron microscopic analyses revealed that the cone angles of synthetic cores wereindeed quantized into the five allowed angles.The Stock Phrases for Stating the Principal Conclusion(s)：1.These findings may have relevance to human neurodevelopment disorders involvingprenatal (drug-abusing mothers) or postnatal (pediatric anesthesia) exposure to drugs that block NMDA receptors.2.This finding emphasizes the importance of achieving cures and of preventing anyonewith infectious tuberculosis.3.These findings may have implications for antihypertensive therapy in different parts ofthe world.4.These observations suggest that the core of HIV is organized on the principles of afullerene cone, in analogy to structures recently observed for elemental carbon.5.Selective manipulations of activity at these sites may offer therapeutic possibilities fortreating chronic pain.6.The discovery of this DNA demethylase should provide a basis for the molecular anddevelopmental analysis of the role of DNA methylation and demethylation.7.This new technique shows promise as a noninvasive method of diagnosing pulmonaryembolism without the need for ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast material.8.Efforts to increase the rate of surgical treatment for black patients appear to be apromising way of improving survival in this group.9. A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against IgE has potential as atreatment for subjects with moderate or severe allergic asthma.10.Our data do not support the hypothesis that everyday exercise is related to the risk ofbreast cancer.11.Our analyses suggest that the lower survival rate among black patients with early-stage,non-small-cell lung cancer, as compared with white patients, is largely explained by thelower rate of surgical treatment among blacks.12.Infliximab is an efficacious treatment for fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease.13.High-frequency microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer is independently predictiveof a relatively favorable outcome and, in addition, reduces the likelihood of metastases.。
英语名言警句中英文对照
英语名言警句中英文对照1. “The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.” -Franklin D. Roosevelt. （实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
——富兰克林·D·罗斯福）2. “If you would be loved, love and be lovable.” - Benjamin Franklin. （想被人爱，就要去爱别人，并让自己可爱。
——本杰明·富兰克林）3. “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.” - John Ruskin. （生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。
——约翰·罗斯金）4. “All for one, one for all.” - Alexandre Dumas. （人人为我，我为人人。
——大仲马）5. “The man who has made up his mind to win will never say 'impossible'.” -Napoleon. （凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——拿破仑）6. “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” -Benjamin Franklin. （早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。
——本杰明·富兰克林）7. “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” - Proverb. （患难见真情。
——谚语）8. “Where there is a will, there is a way.” - Thomas Edison. （有志者，事竟成。
小论文(SCI科技文)Results写作常用句型(入门)
Results一、表示不同组之间比较存在显著性差异的句型和句式1 、…is higher/lower/increase/decrease…in/by/with or after the administration of A than/compared with B；2、Significantly increased/decreased…was observed in A compared with B。
3、Significant differences in…were observed/witnessed between A and B；4、Enhanced/Decreased…in response to A/B was observed…;5、A showed significant/better effect on…than/compared with B;6、A significantly decreased/increase/improve…二、表示不同组之间存在某种趋势，可以使用如下的句型或句式：1、A similar trend was observed in…;2、A compared toC additionally trended to…；3、…tend to…in A compared with B；4、A tendency towards higher/lower…was seen in…三、用来表示组之间结果相似或者差异性不显著的句型和句式：1、No impact of A/B/(A and B)on…was demonstrated in the presented experiment；2、No effect on…occurred with or after the administration of A/B/(A and B)；3、No difference in…was observed/witnessed between A and B；4、There was no difference in…；5、…in A and B did not differ；6、…was not significantly altered by …treatment…；7、…was simila in all (between) groups and ranged from…to…。
SCI写作常用句型之讨论+结论+致谢
本文的常用句型分为三个部分，讨论、结论和致谢，下列的9个类别中，1-4是讨论，5-7是结论部分，8是致谢的相关表达。
索引1. 表达观点和可能性2. 论文中前后参照3. 概述作品的意义和可能的应用4. 研究意义（展望未来）5. 突出成果（结论部分）6. 重申局限性（结论部分）7. 重申研究目的8. 致谢注：斜线间隔符是把同义的动词、副词、固定短语等隔开，所以大家使用的时候可以灵活选取，文中每一条并不是连起来的一整个句子。
一、表达观点和可能性1. To the best of our knowledge / As far as we know / We believe that no other authors have found that x = y.2. It would seem / appear that …3.Our findings would seem to show / demonstrate / suggest / imply that x = y.4.This factor may be responsible / is probably responsible / could well be responsible for this result.5. Presumably / We hypothesize / I argue that this factor is …6. We believe that our method could be used / probably be usefully employed in…Our approach would lend itself well for use by / may be useful for …7. In our opinion / view, this method could be used in …We believe / feel strongly that …8. There is evidence to suggest / support the hypothesis that …9. It is proposed / This may mean / It seems likely / It may be assumed that …10.This implies / suggests / would appear to indicate that …The results point to the likelihood / probability that …There isa strong / definite / clear / good probability that …二、论文中前后参照1. As was mentioned / stated / noted / discussed / reported in the Methods, …As reported above / previously / earlier / before …2.As mentioned / stated / outlined in the literature review …The above- / afore-mentioned X is …3.More details on this will be given below / in the next section / in the appendix. The following is / Here follows / Below is a list of …4. Please refer to Appendix 2 / Table 6 / the Supplementary Material for….三、概述作品的意义可能的应用1. This study is the first step / has gone some way towards enhancing our understanding of …2. These observations have several / three main / many implications for research into …3. This work has revealed / shown / highlighted / demonstrated / proved that …4. The present findings might help to solve / have important implications for solving / suggest several courses of action in order to solve this problem.5. X is suitable for / has the potential to …6.Our method / technique / approach / procedure could be applied to …7. One possible / potential / promising application of our technique would be …8. Results so far have been very promising / encouraging and …9. This approach has the potential / requirements / characteristics / features to …10. This could eventually / conceivably / potentially / hypothetically lead to …11. Our data suggest that X could be used / exploited / taken advantage of / made use of in order to …In our view these results are / constitute / represent an excellent initial step toward …12.We believe / are confident that our results may improve knowledge about …These early successes may hope to resolve / tackle / solve / deal with …Another / An additional / A further important implication is …13.Our research could help / be a useful aid for / possibly support decision makers because …We think that our findings could / might be useful for …14.We hope that our research will be helpful / useful / beneficial / constructive / valuable in solving the difficulty of …At the same time / In addition / Further / Furthermore we believethat …15.Our research suggests that the policy makers should encourage / it is important for policy makers toencourage stakeholders to …16. The findings of my research have serious / considerable / important managerial implications.四、研究意义（展望未来）1. Further work needs to be done / carried out / performed to establish whether …2. Further experimental investigations / tests / studies are needed to estimate …3. More / Additional / Further work on X, would help us to do Y.4. We hope / believe / are confident that our research will serve as a base for future studies on …5. It is recommended / We recommend / We suggest / We propose that further research should be undertaken in the following areas:6. More broadly / On a wider level, research is also needed to determine ….7. This research has raised / given rise to / thrown up many questions in need of further investigation / study / examination.8. This is an important / a fundamental / a vital issue for future research.9. The design and development of Xs will challenge / be a challenge for us for years. Future work should concentrate / focus on enhancing the quality of X.10. Future studies should target / aim at / examine / deal with / address X.11. Future studies on the current topic are therefore required / needed / recommended / suggested in order to establish / verify / validate / elucidate …12. Our results are encouraging / promising and should be validated by a larger sample size.13. These findings suggest the following directions / opportunities for future research: ….14. An important issue / matter / question / problem to resolve for future studies is …15. The prospect of being able to do X, serves as a continuous incentive for / stimulus for / impulse for / spur to future research.五、突出成果(结论部分)1. Our research / This paper has highlighted / stressed / underlined the importance of …We have managed to do / succeeded in doing / been able to do / found a way to do X. Wehave found an innovative / a new / a novel / acutting-edge solution for …2. We have obtained accurate / satisfactory / comprehensive results proving / demonstrating / showing that …3. We have devised a methodology / procedure / strategy which …4. We have confirmed / provided further evidence / demonstrated that …5. Considerable progress has been made / insight has been gained with regard to …6.Taken together, these findings suggest / implicate / highlight a role for X7. Our study provides the framework / a springboard / the backbone / the basis / a blueprint / an agenda/ a stimulus / encouragement for a new way to do X.8.The strength / strong point / value / impact / benefit / usefulness / significance / importance of our work / study / contribution lies in …9. X provides a powerful tool / methodology for …10.X ensures / guarantees that X will do Y, and it can be generalized to …11.Our investigations into this area are still ongoing / in progress and seem likely to confirm our hypothesis.12. These findings add to a growing body of literature on / substantially to our understanding of X.六、重申局限性(结论部分)1. Our work clearly has some limitations. Nevertheless / Despite this we believe our work could be the basis / a framework / a starting point / a springboard for2. Despite the fact that there are / In spite of the fact that / Although there are limitations due to Y, we…3. The most important limitation lies in / is due to / is a result of the fact that …4. The current study was limited by / unable to / not specifically designed to…5. The present study has only investigated / examined X. Therefore / Consequently …6. The project / analysis / testing / sampling was limited in several ways. First, …7.Finally, a number of potential limitations / weaknesses / shortfalls / shortcomings / weak points need to be considered. First, …8. However, given the small sample size, caution mustbe exercised / taken / used / applied. The findings might not be transferable to / generalized to / representative of …9. The picture / situation is thus still incomplete.七、重申研究目的1.As stated in the Introduction, our main aim / objective / target / purpose / goal was to …2.As stated in the Introduction, the research was conducted / undertaken / carried out in order to …3. Given that / Since our main aim was, as mentioned in the Introduction, to …4.Before interpreting our results, we remind the reader of / would just like to restate our main aims.5.Returning to the hypothesis / question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that …八、致谢1.This work was carried out / performed within the framework of an EU project and was partly sponsored by …2. This research was made possible by / benefited from a grant from …3. Support was given by the Institute of X, who funded the work in all its / its initial stages.4.We thank / would like to thank the following people for their support, without whose help this work would never have been possible:5. We gratefully acknowledge the help provided by Dr. X / constructive comments of the anonymous referees.6. We are indebted / particularly grateful to Dr. Alvarez for …7. We thank / are grateful to / gratefully acknowledge Dr. Y for her help / valuable suggestions and discussions.8. Thanks are also due to / The authors wish to thank Prof. X, who gave us much valuable advice in the early stages of this work.9. Dr. Y collaborated with / worked alongside our staff during this research project.10. We also thank Prof. Lim for her ongoing collaboration with our department / technical assistance in all our experimental work.。
医学SCI论文常用词
1.人,研究对象：individuals,characters,people,persons,subject,participant.2.募集对象：enroll,recruit3.事情,事件：affair,business,matter,thing.4.越来越多：Increasing(ly),growing--more and more5.非常：overwhelmingly,exceedingly,extremely,intensely,very6.开展检查等：perform,carry out,do,use to7.抑制：inhibit,suppress,restrain8.促进,增强：promote,stimulate,enhance9.调控：regulate,adjust10.危害,损害：disrupt,disturb,arrest,destroy,interrupt,break up11.导致,引起：give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger,cause,bring about/on,induce,produce,stimulate,responsible for12.因此：consequently,accordingly,so,thus,therefore,hence,as a result,in consequence,as aconsequence13.由于,因为：because of,by reason that,in respect that,due to,on account of,because,since,seeing14.此外：moreover,furthermore,besides,in addition,what is more15.例如：as an example,for example,for instance,such as.16.关于：concerning,about,regarding,in regard to,as regards,in respect of,with respect to,asfor,with/in referance to17.提示：indicate,show,suggest,infer,imply,be indicative of,be suggestive of18.表明：exhibit,demonstrate,manifest,show,present,reveal,disclose19.推断：speculate,suppose,hypothesize,conjecture20.我认为：for my part,from my own perspective,in my opinion/view,to my point of view21.认为：harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is universallyacknowledged that,think22.吸引注意：sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb,sb take interest in/sb be interested in,capture one's attention,attract one's attention.23.不必要的：hardly necessary,hardly inevitable,unnecessary,avoidable,needless.24.必要的：indispensable,necessary,needful,essential,requisite,imperative.25.反对：frown on sth,be against,disagree with,disapprove,object to,oppose to.26.同意：agree with,in agreement with27.有益的：beneficial,rewarding,helpful,advantageous28.有危险的：hazardous,dangerous29.许多：an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,if not most,many30.一些：a slice of,quiet a few,some.31.少的：little,small,limited32.没有：little if anything,little or nothing,hardly.33.共同的：shared,common34.相互作用：interaction,communication,reciprocity,mutual effect.35.与...一致：be consistent with,agree with,fit into,corresponding to,match,inaccordancewith36.重要的：crucial,paramount,important,significant,vital,momentous.37.困难的：formidable,arduous,difficult,hard.38.典型的：quintessential,typical,representative,classic39.总结来说：in conclusion,in summery,in a word,to sum up,all in all,as a conclusion40.常见的连接词:However,also,in addition,consequently,afterwards,further,although,unlike,in contrast,Similarly,Unfortunately,alternatively,parallel results,In order to,despite, Compared with,other results。
英文文章名句
英语名句1. “You only live once”- 把握当下，人生短暂。
2. “The only way to do great work is to love what you do”- 要想成就伟大，就必须热爱你的工作。
3. “Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.”- 成功不是终点，失败也不致命，关键在于勇敢地坚持下去。
4. “When you reach the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.”- 当你走到绳子的尽头，打个结继续坚持。
5. “The best revenge is massive success.”- 最好的报复就是巨大的成功。
6. “Don't count the days, make the days count.”- 不要计算日子，要让日子变得有价值。
7. “Believe you can and you're halfway there.”- 信念是成功的一半。
8. “Dream big and dare to fail.”- 勇敢追梦，无畏失败。
9. “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.”- 成功就是从失败到失败，始终保持热情。
10. “Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by.”- 我在林中分岔路口，选择了那条少有人走的路。
11. “It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light.”- 在最黑暗的时刻，我们要集中精力寻找光明。
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SCI收录的论文常用语句中英文对照一．介绍作者的观点和研讨课题内容的语句1. 文章内容与作者观点的常用语句(1).论及了此晶体的物理、化学性质Physical and chemical properties of this crystal are reported.(2).简述了性能目标与测量方法The performance goals and its measuring methods are briefly described.(3).临界实验解释了由中子引起铀核的链式反应The chain reaction caused by the uranium nuclei is explained in the critical experiment.(4).说明了这种技术对核探测的应用The application of this technique to nuclear detection is described.(5).立即引入了研究与开发的工具Research and development tools are induced immediately.(6).给出了基本概念与收集的数据Basic ideas and data collected are given.2. 文章研究课题的常用语句(1).用这种超低频测量分析了主要的实验问题The main experimental problems are analyzed with the ultra-low-frequency measurements.(2).与破损阶段有关的现象被认为是初始条件Phenomena associated with the breakdown phase are regarded as the initial conditions.(3).导出了混凝土结构相互作用的集总参数Lumped parameter of the concrete-structure interaction is derived(4).简要的讨论了反应堆里两相流的一些应用Applications of the two-phase flow in the reactor are briefly discussed.(5).对一特定系统进行了数值性研究A particular system is investigated numerically.(6).简述了自然界中质量与能量之间的关系Relationship between mass and energy in nature is briefly described.(7).研究了这个函数在某一边界条件下的连续性The function continuity under a certain boundary is studied.(1).本文由引言、理论、实验方法与结论四部分组成This paper consists of 4 parts: introduction, theory experimental method and conclusion.(2).本文包含一种参数结构优化分析的构成、结构设计和结果The paper includes the configuration as well as the structural design and the results of parameterstructural optimization analysis.(3).本文包括了反应堆堆芯里约200个带燃料棒的组建的测试结果This paper covers the testing results of about 200 assemblies of fuel and control rods in the reactorcore.(4).所引用的报告包括示踪元素研究大气层污染移动的研究The cited reports cover the research on the lower atmospheric air pollution movements by usingthe tracer elements.(5).本研究的范围涉及沥青产品和规格The research concerns the asphaltic products and their specifications.(6).此项目包括了像Fe、Au、Ag、Al、Cu等许多元素Many elements are involved in this program such as Fe, Au, Ag, Cu and so on.(7).此课题包括了煤的性质、锅炉的运行、煤灰尘收集器操作和边流系统The topic covers the coal properties, boiler operation, dust collector operation and the sidestreamsystem.4. 综述于概括对某一个领域的研究课题常用语句(1).所有的运行规程如总规程（GP）、异常运行规程（AOP）、应急运行规程（EOP）都撰写了摘要All the operating procedures are abstracted such as the general procedures(GP), abnormal operating procedures(AOP), emergency operating procedures(EOP).(2).对测量这些特性的实验技术仅作概要叙述The experimental technique is outlined for measuring these properties.(3).评述了在机械工程中计算机辅助设计（CAD）的发展过程The development of CAD is reviewed in the mechanical engineering(4).简单概述了基本材料科学的理论The theory based on basic material science is summarized.(5).详细地总结了要采用的设计规则The design planning to be used is summarized in detail.(1).重点是在掌握量子理论上Attention is concentrated on the quantum theory.(2).重点是把时间延长到24hThe point is to extend the lead time to 24h.(3).现在到处都重视节能Focus is on energy reserving everywhere.(4).本文集中研究中子与铀原子核的碰撞The research is concentrated on the collisions of neutrons and uranium nuclei.(5).现在到处都重视环境污水的管理和对有害废物的处理Attention is being paid to the management of environmental effluent and disposal of hazardouswastes.(6).很重视对导体中的经济电流密度的评估Much attention is paid on the economic current density in the conductor.(7).特别重视核反应堆的启动规程Particular attention is given to the start-up procedure of nuclear reactor operations.(8).及其重视核能的和平利用The greatest emphasis is paid on the peaceful utilization of nuclear energy.(9).重点还在于对核电所采取的态度Attention is concentrated on the implications of attitudes to nuclear power.6. 文章目的的常用语句(1).此研究的目的是在零功率反应堆上进行临界实验，并获得重要的临界参数This research aims to carry out the experiment on the zero power reactor and obtain import criticalparameters.(2).许多研究者都在寻求这个问题的答案The answer to this question is sought for by many investigators.(3).本文追求的目的是从安全分析报告的角度来论证这些补救措施的正确性The paper seeks to justify the remedial measures in terms of the final safety analysisreport(FSAR).(4).这项研究试图为保健规则人员就体系上的变化提供有用的信息The research is to provide healthy planners with useful information on systematic changes.(5).本研究的目的就是要表明先前提到的方法有前途The purpose of this study is to show the methods mentioned above/aforesaid are promising.(6).本研究的目的是要获得具有很高稳定性的重混凝土The purpose of this study is to obtain the heavy concrete of much higher stability.二．介绍文章成果的语句1. 成果的获取和开发等常用语句1）正常工作压力值在夏季也能达到。
The normal operating pressure value can also be achieved in summer.2）绘制了用于热处理的溶解图。
A dissolution diagram is constructed to be used in heat treatment.3）基于量子理论，推导了这些特殊的方程式。
The special equations are derived based on the quantum theory.4）此系统要设计成能传输出从反应堆堆芯产生的热量。