翻译技巧(3)增词法

But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
II. Amplification
Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.
要是我们及时知道那件事， 事故本来 是可以防止的。（虚拟语气） After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena. 观察了数年之后他发现了许多重要现象。 （数）
IV. Practice
3. The letter “I” represents I, “O” owe, and “U” you.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
字母I代表“ 代表“ 字母 代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表 代表 代表 代表 。（将省略的动词译出来 将省略的动词译出来） “你”。（将省略的动词译出来） 4. All bodies consists of molecules and these of atoms. 所有物体都由分子组成， 所有物体都由分子组成，而分子则由原子 组成。（原文中第二个of前省略了 。（原文中第二个 组成。（原文中第二个 前省略了 ，并 代替， 用these代替，汉译时补上了动词，还原 代替 汉译时补上了动词， 了代词。） 了代词。）
大气层能缓和白天气温的上升和阻止 夜间热量的损耗。 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，靠给 人洗衣服维持生活。
II. Amplification
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
II. Amplification
It seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity. 成功的科学家似乎总是充满好奇心。 I didn’t know that computers had been used so widely. 我以前还不知道电脑却原来被如此广泛 地应用。
III. Repetition
great contributions gratitude ingratitude prosperity arrogance careless in chaos street gossip rumor
丰功伟绩 感恩戴德 忘恩负义 繁荣昌盛 骄傲自大 粗心大意 乌烟瘴气 街谈巷议 流言蜚语
声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关 的。 Compared with mine, your computer is really cheap and fine. 与我的电脑相比，你的电脑真是物美价 廉。
II. Amplification
根据语法需要增词 英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大， 比如英语 有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情 态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这 样的变化很少， 如时态，只用着、了、过就 解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别， 把 英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。例如：
III. Repetition
3. Blood must atone for blood.
血债要用血来还。 4. They would read and re-read the secret notes. 他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。
III. Repetition
•为了生动重复 为了生动重复
为了强调重复 1. He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。 2. Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
II. Amplification
1．They are leading a happy life.
他们现在过着幸福的生活。 He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office. 他过去是已故总统的化身， 而现在是 即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。
That accounts for their deeply rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways the have poor, alike. I.All people andblessed by nature,life assignment Review are comments onof rich and been kept intact for thousands of years. They grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they 无论贫富 一律平等。②所以人 大自然对人的恩赐, drink, raise cows for milk, ①大自然对人的恩赐 无论贫富, 一律平等。 在昔日） 在昔日 At weekends theyin olden days(在昔日） of flowers. go to church,cultivation and on holidays and weed their gardens for the 们对于大自然大全都一致并深深地依赖着。 们对于大自然大全都一致并深深地依赖着。③ 尤其是 Thus their olden homelands remain ） sweet as ever, olden times(从前 as times(从前 从前） they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing 在乡间， a unique folklore form which its customs 在乡间， 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 each with 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 in open squares. 种植庄稼和葡萄， 酿酒和饮酒， 喂牛和挤奶， ④种植庄稼和葡萄， 酿酒和饮酒， 喂牛和挤奶， 锄 have derived. 草和栽花； 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜， 在节日到 草和栽花； 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜， 广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌； 广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌； 往日的田园依旧是今日温馨 家园。 这样，每个地方都有自己的传说， 家园。⑤这样，每个地方都有自己的传说， 风俗也就 衍传了下来。 衍传了下来。
III. Repetition
为了明确重复 1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
让我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。 2. They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
Lecture Eight
Amplification & Repetition
Teaching Procedures
I. Review and comments on the assignments II. Amplification III. Repetition IV. Practice V. Summary VI. Assignment VII. References for further reading
II. Amplification
根据词义或修辞需要增词
A professor of mine once said: 教过我的一位教授曾说过：…
II. Amplification
The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards night heat loss.
III. Repetition
采用词的重叠
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐）， 不藏不掖。
III. Repetition
His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. 他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没 有父母似的。 With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him. 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都 对他毫无办法。
III. Repetition
3. He became an oil baron---all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王， --- 一个白手起家的 石油大王。 4. This has been our position---but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的 立场。
IV. Practice
5. We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so have they. 我们提前完成了我们的工作， 我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成 了他们的工作。（ 。（省略句型中省略的部分汉译 了他们的工作。（省略句型中省略的部分汉译 时要译出来） 时要译出来） 6. He had met with great difficulties in writing his term paper. 他在写学期论文时，遇到了重重困难。 他在写学期论文时，遇到了重重困难。 重重困难 英语中并无重复，但在译成汉语时， （英语中并无重复，但在译成汉语时，合理使用重复 这一修辞手段，却能更准确、更生动地表达原意。） 这一修辞手段，却能更准确、更生动地表达原意。）
II. Amplification
Since the industrial revolution began the physical science has in general been in the forefront of the scientific movement.
自从工业革命开始以来， 物理学总的说来 一直处于科学运动的前列。（时态） ．Then the whole course of my life might have been different. 如果真是那样的话，我的生命路程也许是 另一番景象。（虚拟语气）
III. Repetition
5．The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.
医生从我身上得到的实践， 会比从一千 七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
III. Repetition
IV. Practice
1. We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们必须分析问题，解决问题。 我们必须分析问题，解决问题。 2. Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇之过度则蛮，爱之过度则为宠， 勇之过度则蛮，爱之过度则为宠，俭之过度 则为贪。 则为贪。 （原文 省略了定语和谓语 译成汉语时应补 上）