高英TheLoons修辞手法总结
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• 另外，象征是针对全篇而言，而比喻是针对某一句而言； 运用象征手法的文章中是不会出现本体的，而比喻往往是 会出现本体的。象征是在不能、不敢、不愿的前提下，运 用的写作手法，而比喻的目的只是为了是句子更加生动形 象，属于修辞手法。
one Definition
• Analogy(类比)：Analogy is a special form of
• My brother… meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.(page195 Para17)
• Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.她那揭下面具和保护罩
•the damn bone’s flared up again.
（Page193 Para4 )
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体
代部分）
Use the bone stands for the tuberculosis of the bone (整体代部分)
• I tried another line 我试着改用另一
种策略(page197 Para30)
Metonymy
• Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery, those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (Page198
• 74 I did not know what had
Fra Baidu bibliotekhappened to the birds. Perhaps they
had gone away to some far place of
belonging. Perhaps they had been
unable to find such a place, and had
Para40)
Imply the human civilization
•那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属 于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与 我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火 的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥。
Metonymy
• Definition:借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另 一个与之相关的事物名称.
The Loons
Margaret Laurence
吴欣荣
Structure
1 Detailed introduction of rhetoric devices 2 Share some beautiful paragraphs in The Loons
3 Analogy or Symbolism
很惭愧，为自己的怯懦和知难而退的性格 而感到惭愧。 (page201 Para58)
• She’d put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess.(Page202
Para69)她发胖了许多，看上去乱七八糟的
Transferred epithet
Personification
• A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance好好休养两个月会使她的骨病治
愈的希望大大增加 (Page193 Para6)
• The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…正朝着我们嘁嘁喳
• …those voices belonged to a worl d separated by aeons from our n eat world .那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声
调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这 个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不 下亿万年之遥
• （page198 Para40）
• The more points of similarity, the stronger the analogy. These points of similarity are made explicit, not left to the reader’s imagination.
Two
Patterns
的脸上露出的是一副坚强不屈、敢于挑战 一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一种强烈 得令人害怕的渴望 (Page201 Para60)
Synecdoche 提喻
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
Analogy is usually constructed in the following patterns: 1）A is to B as C is to D ① Food is to man as fuel is to engine 2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B) ①Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. 3）(Just) as A…B, (so) C…D (or: …so C…D, just as A…B) ①（Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts. 4) If A were B, C would…D
comparison which draws parallel similarities between two unlike things (or the two unlike things have several similar properties).
• All metaphors and similes are based on analogy. But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a metaphor does, but also taps between the two things as many similarities as possible and then develops them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective.
simply died out, having ceased to
care any longer whether they lived
Analogy
or not.
or
Symbolism
•我不知道那些鸟儿究竟遭到 了何种命运。也许它们去一 个遥远的地方找到了栖身之 地，也许它们找不到这样的 地方，于是把生死也不再放 在心上，就这样自生自灭了。
Some paragraphs in The Loons
metaphor
• 39 At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.
•
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
•
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
•
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
•
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
•
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
•
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
•
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
(page198 Para39)
夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有 一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色， 湖的周围到处密密丛丛地生长着高大的云 杉树，在寒光闪烁的星空映衬下，云杉树 的枝桠呈现出清晰的黑色剪影。
• 49 She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to
黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出 琥珀色 (Page198 Para39)
• The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐 (Page199
Para48)
Metaphor
• Through the filigree of the spruce trees 透过一层云杉树叶织成的
丝帘 (page195 Para17)
• It seemed to me …daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看来，
皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界 的小预言家。 (Page196 Para22)
symbolism
• 象征手法是根据事物之间的某种联系，借助某人某物的具 体形象（象征体），以表现某种抽象的概念、思想和情感。 它是以具体事物去表现某种抽象意义或不便表达的意义的 一种文学手法。象征是一种艺术手法，它和比喻修辞手法 有相似之处。正如比喻要求喻体和被喻事物之间要有某种 相似的特点一样，象征也要求象征之物与被象征之物之间 有某种相似的特点，从而可以让人引起由此及彼的联想。 这是一种隐晦、含蓄而又能使读者产生体会愉悦的美感的 技巧。
Simile• Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately
featured face as rigid as a cameo麦克里
奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷 峻(Page194 Para12)
• At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块
Alliteration enviable advantage a soft and slender body.
小时候她长得就不漂亮，现在也还 一样，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是， 她那双乌黑、稍稍斜视的眼睛却是 美丽的。而且，一条紧身裙和一件 桔黄色毛衣将她那柔软、苗条的身 材衬托得恰到好处，令人羡慕。
喳地乱叫 (Page195 Para17)
• The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs钻石湖的水
源自山泉，因此湖水总是冰凉的 (Page196 Para23)
Transferred epithet
• I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.我
•
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
•
I had the muscle, and they made money
out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
Hyperbole • …dresses that were always miles too long.长得极不合体 (Page193 Para3)
one Definition
• Analogy(类比)：Analogy is a special form of
• My brother… meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.(page195 Para17)
• Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.她那揭下面具和保护罩
•the damn bone’s flared up again.
（Page193 Para4 )
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体
代部分）
Use the bone stands for the tuberculosis of the bone (整体代部分)
• I tried another line 我试着改用另一
种策略(page197 Para30)
Metonymy
• Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery, those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (Page198
• 74 I did not know what had
Fra Baidu bibliotekhappened to the birds. Perhaps they
had gone away to some far place of
belonging. Perhaps they had been
unable to find such a place, and had
Para40)
Imply the human civilization
•那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属 于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与 我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火 的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥。
Metonymy
• Definition:借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另 一个与之相关的事物名称.
The Loons
Margaret Laurence
吴欣荣
Structure
1 Detailed introduction of rhetoric devices 2 Share some beautiful paragraphs in The Loons
3 Analogy or Symbolism
很惭愧，为自己的怯懦和知难而退的性格 而感到惭愧。 (page201 Para58)
• She’d put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess.(Page202
Para69)她发胖了许多，看上去乱七八糟的
Transferred epithet
Personification
• A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance好好休养两个月会使她的骨病治
愈的希望大大增加 (Page193 Para6)
• The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…正朝着我们嘁嘁喳
• …those voices belonged to a worl d separated by aeons from our n eat world .那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声
调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这 个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不 下亿万年之遥
• （page198 Para40）
• The more points of similarity, the stronger the analogy. These points of similarity are made explicit, not left to the reader’s imagination.
Two
Patterns
的脸上露出的是一副坚强不屈、敢于挑战 一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一种强烈 得令人害怕的渴望 (Page201 Para60)
Synecdoche 提喻
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
Analogy is usually constructed in the following patterns: 1）A is to B as C is to D ① Food is to man as fuel is to engine 2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B) ①Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. 3）(Just) as A…B, (so) C…D (or: …so C…D, just as A…B) ①（Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts. 4) If A were B, C would…D
comparison which draws parallel similarities between two unlike things (or the two unlike things have several similar properties).
• All metaphors and similes are based on analogy. But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a metaphor does, but also taps between the two things as many similarities as possible and then develops them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective.
simply died out, having ceased to
care any longer whether they lived
Analogy
or not.
or
Symbolism
•我不知道那些鸟儿究竟遭到 了何种命运。也许它们去一 个遥远的地方找到了栖身之 地，也许它们找不到这样的 地方，于是把生死也不再放 在心上，就这样自生自灭了。
Some paragraphs in The Loons
metaphor
• 39 At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.
•
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
•
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
•
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
•
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
•
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
•
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
•
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
(page198 Para39)
夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有 一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色， 湖的周围到处密密丛丛地生长着高大的云 杉树，在寒光闪烁的星空映衬下，云杉树 的枝桠呈现出清晰的黑色剪影。
• 49 She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to
黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出 琥珀色 (Page198 Para39)
• The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐 (Page199
Para48)
Metaphor
• Through the filigree of the spruce trees 透过一层云杉树叶织成的
丝帘 (page195 Para17)
• It seemed to me …daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看来，
皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界 的小预言家。 (Page196 Para22)
symbolism
• 象征手法是根据事物之间的某种联系，借助某人某物的具 体形象（象征体），以表现某种抽象的概念、思想和情感。 它是以具体事物去表现某种抽象意义或不便表达的意义的 一种文学手法。象征是一种艺术手法，它和比喻修辞手法 有相似之处。正如比喻要求喻体和被喻事物之间要有某种 相似的特点一样，象征也要求象征之物与被象征之物之间 有某种相似的特点，从而可以让人引起由此及彼的联想。 这是一种隐晦、含蓄而又能使读者产生体会愉悦的美感的 技巧。
Simile• Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately
featured face as rigid as a cameo麦克里
奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷 峻(Page194 Para12)
• At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块
Alliteration enviable advantage a soft and slender body.
小时候她长得就不漂亮，现在也还 一样，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是， 她那双乌黑、稍稍斜视的眼睛却是 美丽的。而且，一条紧身裙和一件 桔黄色毛衣将她那柔软、苗条的身 材衬托得恰到好处，令人羡慕。
喳地乱叫 (Page195 Para17)
• The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs钻石湖的水
源自山泉，因此湖水总是冰凉的 (Page196 Para23)
Transferred epithet
• I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.我
•
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
•
I had the muscle, and they made money
out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
Hyperbole • …dresses that were always miles too long.长得极不合体 (Page193 Para3)