跨国公司在华独资经营趋势研究

分类号 F276.7 密级

U D C 编号 10486

武汉大学

硕士学位论文

跨国公司在华独资经营趋势研究

研究生姓名：魏晖

指导教师姓名、职称：张建清教授

学科专业名称：国际贸易

研究方向：国际贸易理论

二OO六年五月

The Tendency of Multinational

Corporations moving towards wholly-foreign-owned enterprises in China

By

Wei Hui

May, 2006

郑重声明

本人的学位论文是在导师指导下独立撰写并完成的，学位论文没有剽窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权行为，否则，本人愿意承担由此而产生的法律责任和法律后果，特此郑重声明。

学位论文作者（签名）：

年月日

中文摘要

我国改革开放以来，跨国公司在华的投资方式一直都是合资企业多于独资企业，并且在跨国公司在华经营的企业中居于主导地位，这种情况一直保持到1997年。1997年中国第一次出现新批外商独资企业数目超过中外合资企业数目的现象。1998年以后，合同外资金额中，外商独资企业一直多于合资企业，并且逐年加大的趋势相当明显。实际使用的外资金额则从2000年起独资企业超过合资企业，并一直保持利用外资的主导方式。2001年中国加入世界贸易组织后，跨国公司在华投资的“独资化”倾向更加突出。据商务部统计数据显示，2005年，新批合资企业占全部外商企业的比重下降为23.82%。而外商独资企业占全部外商投资企业的比重则高达73.43%。成立独资经营公司己经成为跨国公司在华直接投资的一种主导方式，并且越来越多的合资或合作企业在中国经营数年后，通过增资扩股，转变为母公司多数控股型合资企业甚至独资企业。跨国公司为什么倾向于新建独资企业或倾向于进入由合资到外资多数控股再到外商独资的轨道？这种倾向对中国经济增长、产业竞争力、内资企业成长等诸多方面又有哪些影响？国家和内资企业在新形势下将如何调整自己的引资战略和发展战略？

针对这些问题，笔者以马克思主义唯物辩证法为指导，运用现代经济学理论的分析框架，分析了跨国公司对华投资“独资化”演进历程，在参考前人研究成果的基础上，结合着跨国公司在中国的具体情况展开研究，从理论和实践两个层面剖析跨国公司在华投资的“独资化”倾向产生的动因，分析其对中国经济和中国内资企业造成的影响，然后提出相应的应对措施建议。

关键词：跨国公司独资动因对策

Abstract

Since 1970's when China began to open its market and to use foreign direct investment for twenty years, the number of joint-ventures had always been more than that of wholly-foreign-owned enterprises (WFOE). But in the year of 1997 the situation changed. From then, the foreign investments in China have been moving towards WFOE dramatically. For example, the statistics of "China Foreign Trade and Economics Avenue "of 2005 shows that of all the new foreign invested projects, joint ventures take only 23.82%, while WFOE take 73.43%. What is more, more and more foreign investors change the established joint-ventures to WFOE by purchasing Chinese partners' shares. Why are WFOE taking hold in the current environment? What are the effects produced by this movement towards WFOE on China's economy development, the efficiency of using foreign investments as well as the survival and growth of China's home enterprises? And what corresponding methods can Chinese government take to guide the Multinational Corporations investment in China? How can the home enterprises adjust their development strategy to meet the challenges produced by this investment movement of Multinational Corporations?

To answer the above-mentioned questions, based on the previous research of the former researchers, the author combined this with the actual investment situation in China, and from theory and practice aspects, analysis the reasons that caused WFOE taking hold dramatically sine the year of 1997 as well as the effects it takes on China's economy and home enterprises. At last, the author proposes some corresponding suggestions both for the government and for the enterprises.

Key words: Multinational Corporations WFOE reason proposal