web系统开发技术简介

基于Web的应用系统开发
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XHTML
• Describes the general form and layout of documents
• An XHTML document is a mix of content and controls
– Controls are tags and their attributes – Tags标签 often delimit 划界content and specify 说明
“Non-linear reading and writing” ——Ted Nelson
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Leabharlann Baidu
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The WWW
• Allows a user anywhere on the Internet to search for and retrieve documents
• 1989 WWW proposal by group led by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN
• The purpose of an applet is to provide processing 处理capability and interactivity 交互型的 for HTML documents through widgets窗体小部件
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PHP
• A server-side scripting language • An alternative to CGI • Similar to JavaScript • Great for form processing and database
something about how the content should be arranged in the document – Attributes属性 provide additional information about the content of a tag
基于Web的应用系统开发
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The Internet Origins 起源
• ARPA Networking Project (ARPANET) - late 1960s and early 1970s
– Wide area network to share computing facilities工具 – “Internetworking” – Network reliability – For ARPA-funded research organizations
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Java Applets
• Relatively small Java programs whose execution is triggered by a browser
• Executed by the client
• Browser must provide JVM support
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.Net
• Full-fledged OO programming language • Second largest player in Web applications • From Microsoft
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Summary
• Course Content • Practical matters • Introduction to infrastructure
HTTP HTML data
Client MS Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox
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Web Programmer’s Toolbox
• XHTML • CSS • XML • JavaScript • Java Applets • PHP • Java • .Net
基于Web的应用系统开发 1.简介
孙文俊、王延青 wjsun@hit.edu.cn 哈工大管理学院 2009年2月23日星期一
教材和课件
• 课件下载:
http://tpm.hit.edu.cn/wps/
• 教材:
《Web程序设计》（2005年第3版）， （美）Robert W. Sebesta著， 李政仪译， 清华大学出版社
– Computer communications – Internet – WWW
• Introduction to the web programmer’s toolbox
– XHTML – CSS – XML – JavaScript – Java Applets – PHP – Java – .Net
• Late 1990 prototype implemented on NeXT
• 1991 WWW released to the rest of the world
• Documents in the form of hypertext
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Hypertext（超文本）
– Commerce on the Internet was almost unknown
• The WWW is now the major conduit to the Internet and the major vehicle for e-commerce, but this is not what it was designed for!
access through the Web
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Java
• Full-fledged OO programming language • Biggest player in the web application
industry • Backed by Sun, IBM, Oracle, BEA etc.
• National Science Foundation internet (NSFnet) - 1986
– Initially最初 connected five supercomputer centers – By early 1990s it was the network for all – Became the Internet backbone
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Computer Communications
• Early computers (1950s and early 1960s) were isolated(孤立的)
• Remote access and peripherals（外围）
– Connected to a central computer via dedicated lines or telephone system（通过专用的线连接到中央的电 脑或者电话系统）
– Share resources
• From the late 1960’s onwards computers were connected to other computers
– Via dedicated lines or telephone system
– Share information
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CSS
• A language for defining style sheets表 that was developed for HTML
• Provide the means to control and change presentation介绍 of HTML documents
• Style sheets allow you to impose利用 a standard style on a whole document, or even a whole collection of documents
• Only related to Java through syntax语法 • Dynamically动态的 typed and not object-
oriented非面向对象的
• Provides a way to access elements of HTML documents and dynamically change them
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课程目标
• 对Internet 和 WWW 的基本了解 • 获得Web技术的知识与实践经验 • 对相关名词术语的介绍 • 熟练掌握如何构建和设计良好且有一定功
能的Web应用
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课程内容
• 基础
• 网络编程
– 网络基础: LANs 和 长 程通讯
– TCP/IP 协议 – 客户/服务器 范式,
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World Wide Web
HTTP Server Apache MS IIS
• www是internet上的一种服务 • Before the WWW
– The Internet was used by scientists, researchers, large (usually governmental) organizations, and amateur enthusiasts
HTTP, URLs, MIME
– XHTML – CSS – JavaScript – Java Applets – Java
– XML
• 网络应用设计
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成绩构成
• 作业 - 25% • 考试 - 75%
– 2小时笔试
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视频
• 互联网的历史（History Of the Internet，8 分钟）
• Warriors of the Net 从微观层面对Internet 和WWW的三维动画介绍（12分钟）
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Enabling Infrastructure
• Networks and Communications • The Internet • The World Wide Web
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面向对象编程 Introducing Alice
• In 1990’s ban on commercial use of the Internet was lifted leading to an explosive growth of “e-commerce”
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The Internet and the WWW
• The WWW is one service running over the Internet - it is not synonymous!同义的
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XML
• A meta-mark-up language • Used to create a new mark-up language
for a particular purpose or area
• Because the tags are designed for a specific area, they can be meaningful
• No presentation details • A simple and universal way of
representing data of any textual kind
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JavaScript
• A client-side HTML-embedded scripting language